A basin-scale approach to estimating stream temperatures of tributaries to the lower Klamath River, California
L. E. Flint, A. L. Flint
2008, Journal of Environmental Quality (37) 57-68
Stream temperature is an important component of salmonid habitat and is often above levels suitable for fish survival in the Lower Klamath River in northern California. The objective of this study was to provide boundary conditions for models that are assessing stream temperature on the main stem for the purpose...
Determination of dominant biogeochemical processes in a contaminated aquifer-wetland system using multivariate statistical analysis
S. E. Baez-Cazull, J.T. McGuire, I.M. Cozzarelli, M.A. Voytek
2008, Journal of Environmental Quality (37) 30-46
Determining the processes governing aqueous biogeochemistry in a wetland hydrologically linked to an underlying contaminated aquifer is challenging due to the complex exchange between the systems and their distinct responses to changes in precipitation, recharge, and biological activities. To evaluate temporal and spatial processes in the wetland-aquifer system, water samples...
Stratigraphic and compositional complexities of the late Quaternary Lethe tephra in South-central Alaska
J.R. Riehle, T. A. Ager, R.D. Reger, D.S. Pinney, D. S. Kaufman
2008, Quaternary International (178) 210-228
Recently discovered Lethe tephra has been proposed as a latest Pleistocene marker bed in Bristol Bay lowland NE to the Cook Inlet region, Alaska, on the basis of correlations involving a single "Lethe average" glass composition. Type deposits in the Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes, however, are chemically heterogeneous-individual lapilli...
Molecular and phenotypic diversity in Chionactis occipitalis (Western Shovel-nosed Snake), with emphasis on the status of C. o. klauberi (Tucson Shovel-nosed Snake).
D.A. Wood, J.M. Meik, A.T. Holycross, Robert N. Fisher, Amy G. Vandergast
2008, Conservation Genetics (9) 1489-1507
Chionactis occipitalis (Western Shovel-nosed Snake) is a small colubrid snake inhabiting the arid regions of the Mojave, Sonoran, and Colorado deserts. Morphological assessments of taxonomy currently recognize four subspecies. However, these taxonomic proposals were largely based on weak morphological differentiation and inadequate geographic sampling. Our goal was to explore evolutionary...
Cliff swallows Petrochelidon pyrrhonota as bioindicators of environmental mercury, Cache Creek Watershed, California
Roger L. Hothem, Bonnie S. Trejo, Marissa L. Bauer, John J. Crayon
2008, Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology (55) 111-121
To evaluate mercury (Hg) and other element exposure in cliff swallows (Petrochelidon pyrrhonota), eggs were collected from 16 sites within the mining-impacted Cache Creek watershed, Colusa, Lake, and Yolo counties, California, USA, in 1997-1998. Nestlings were collected from seven sites in 1998. Geometric mean total Hg (THg) concentrations ranged from...
An hydrothermal experimental study of the cobalt-cobalt oxide redox buffer
K.H. Lemke, R.J. Rosenbauer, J. L. Bischoff, D.K. Bird
2008, Chemical Geology (252) 136-144
Equilibrium aqueous hydrogen concentration and corresponding energies of reaction, ??Grxno(T, P), for the reaction Co(s) + H2O(l) = CoO(s) + H2(aq) have been determined at temperatures between 256 and 355 ??C and at 400 bar. Steady-state concentrations of hydrogen were approached in experiments under conditions of both H2 excess and...
(U-Th)/He dating of kimberlites-A case study from north-eastern Kansas
T.J. Blackburn, D.F. Stockli, R. W. Carlson, P. Berendsen
2008, Earth and Planetary Science Letters (275) 111-120
Dating kimberlite intrusive rocks by radiogenic isotope geochronology often is a difficult task, complicated by both the lack of dateable minerals within kimberlite as well as significant sample alteration that can degrade samples and alter parent-daughter ratios. This study presents a new geochronologic tool for timing the emplacement of kimberlites...
Alien dominance of the parasitoid wasp community along an elevation gradient on Hawai'i Island
R.W. Peck, P.C. Banko, M. Schwarzfeld, M. Euaparadorn, K.W. Brinck
2008, Biological Invasions (10) 1441-1455
Through intentional and accidental introduction, more than 100 species of alien Ichneumonidae and Braconidae (Hymenoptera) have become established in the Hawaiian Islands. The extent to which these parasitoid wasps have penetrated native wet forests was investigated over a 1,765 m elevation gradient on windward Hawai'i Island. For >1 year, malaise...
Transient deterministic shallow landslide modeling: Requirements for susceptibility and hazard assessments in a GIS framework
J. W. Godt, R.L. Baum, W. Z. Savage, D. Salciarini, W.H. Schulz, E. L. Harp
2008, Engineering Geology (102) 214-226
Application of transient deterministic shallow landslide models over broad regions for hazard and susceptibility assessments requires information on rainfall, topography and the distribution and properties of hillside materials. We survey techniques for generating the spatial and temporal input data for such models and present an example using a transient deterministic...
Long-term changes in the phosphorus loading to and trophic state of the Salton Sea, California
Dale M. Robertson, S.G. Schladow, G.C. Holdren
2008, Hydrobiologia (604) 21-36
The Salton Sea (Sea) is a eutrophic to hypereutrophic lake characterized by high nutrient concentrations, low water clarity, and high biological productivity. Based on dissolved phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) concentrations and N:P ratios, P is typically the limiting nutrient in the Sea and, therefore, should be the primary nutrient...
Modelling the impact of wind stress and river discharge on Danshuei River plume
W.-C. Liu, W.-B. Chen, R. T. Cheng, M.-H. Hsu
2008, Applied Mathematical Modelling (32) 1255-1280
A three-dimensional, time-dependent, baroclinic, hydrodynamic and salinity model, UnTRIM, was performed and applied to the Danshuei River estuarine system and adjacent coastal sea in northern Taiwan. The model forcing functions consist of tidal elevations along the open boundaries and freshwater inflows from the main stream and major tributaries in the...
Using the Model Coupling Toolkit to couple earth system models
J.C. Warner, N. Perlin, E.D. Skyllingstad
2008, Environmental Modelling and Software (23) 1240-1249
Continued advances in computational resources are providing the opportunity to operate more sophisticated numerical models. Additionally, there is an increasing demand for multidisciplinary studies that include interactions between different physical processes. Therefore there is a strong desire to develop coupled modeling systems that utilize existing models and allow efficient data...
Radar imaging of winter seismic survey activity in the National Petroleum Reserve-Alaska
Benjamin M. Jones, Russ Rykhus, Z. Lu, C.D. Arp, D.J. Selkowitz
2008, Polar Record (44) 227-231
During the spring of 2006, Radarsat-1 synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery was acquired on a continual basis for the Teshekpuk Lake Special Area (TLSA), in the northeast portion of the National Petroleum Reserve, Alaska (NPR-A) in order to monitor lake ice melting processes. During data processing, it was discovered that...
Carbon dioxide of Pu`u`O`o volcanic plume at Kilauea retrieved by AVIRIS hyperspectral data
C. Spinetti, V. Carrere, M. Fabrizia Buongiorno, A. J. Sutton, T. Elias
2008, Remote Sensing of Environment (112) 3192-3199
A remote sensing approach permits for the first time the derivation of a map of the carbon dioxide concentration in a volcanic plume. The airborne imaging remote sensing overcomes the typical difficulties associated with the ground measurements and permits rapid and large views of the volcanic processes together with the measurements of volatile components exolving...
A consistent framework for Horton regression statistics that leads to a modified Hack's law
P.R. Furey, B.M. Troutman
2008, Geomorphology (102) 603-614
A statistical framework is introduced that resolves important problems with the interpretation and use of traditional Horton regression statistics. The framework is based on a univariate regression model that leads to an alternative expression for Horton ratio, connects Horton regression statistics to distributional simple scaling, and improves the accuracy in...
Devonian brachiopods of southwesternmost laurentia: Biogeographic affinities and tectonic significance
A. J. Boucot, Forrest G. Poole, R. Amaya-Martinez, A. G. Harris, Charles Sandberg, William R. Page
2008, Special Paper of the Geological Society of America 77-97
Three brachiopod faunas discussed herein record different depositional and tectonic settings along the southwestern margin of Laurentia (North America) during Devonian time. Depositional settings include inner continental shelf (Cerros de Los Murcielagos), medial continental shelf (Rancho Placeritos), and offshelf continental rise (Rancho Los Chinos). Ages of Devonian brachiopod faunas include...
Data management and digital delivery of analog data
W. A. Miller, Ryan Longhenry, T. Smith
2008, Conference Paper, International Astronautical Federation - 59th International Astronautical Congress 2008, IAC 2008
The U.S. Geological Survey's (USGS) data archive at the Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center is a comprehensive and impartial record of the Earth's changing land surface. USGS/EROS has been archiving and preserving land remote sensing data for over 35 years. This remote sensing archive continues to grow as...
Survival of cool and warm freshwater fish following chloramine-T exposure
M.P. Gaikowski, W.J. Larson, W.H. Gingerich
2008, Aquaculture (275) 20-25
Chloramine-T is presently available in the USA to control mortalities associated with bacterial gill disease or external columnaris only through an Investigational New Animal Drug Permit authorized by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Its US approval hinges on FDA's acceptance of several key data, including those describing animal...
Evaluation of statistical treatments of left-censored environmental data using coincident uncensored data sets: I. Summary statistics
Ronald C. Antweiler, Howard E. Taylor
2008, Environmental Science & Technology (42) 3732-3738
The main classes of statistical treatment of below-detection limit (left-censored) environmental data for the determination of basic statistics that have been used in the literature are substitution methods, maximum likelihood, regression on order statistics (ROS), and nonparametric techniques. These treatments, along with using all instrument-generated data (even those below detection),...
Anthropogenic influences on the input and biogeochemical cycling of nutrients and mercury in Great Salt Lake, Utah, USA
D. Naftz, C. Angeroth, T. Kenney, B. Waddell, N. Darnall, S. Silva, C. Perschon, J. Whitehead
2008, Applied Geochemistry (23) 1731-1744
Despite the ecological and economic importance of Great Salt Lake (GSL), little is known about the input and biogeochemical cycling of nutrients and trace elements in the lake. In response to increasing public concern regarding anthropogenic inputs to the GSL ecosystem, the US Geological Survey (USGS) and US Fish and...
Physical and chemical changes in the foreshore of an estuarine beach: Implications for viability and development of horseshoe crab Limulus polyphemus eggs
N.L. Jackson, D. R. Smith, K.F. Nordstrom
2008, Marine Ecology Progress Series (355) 209-218
Knowledge of conditions that favor development of eggs is important for management of species whose population growth is sensitive to early life history survival. Viability and development of the eggs of horseshoe crabs Limulus polyphemus on a sand and gravel beach were evaluated using data gathered on Delaware Bay, USA,...
Predictions for an invaded world: A strategy to predict the distribution of native and non-indigenous species at multiple scales
D.A. Reusser, H. Lee II
2008, Conference Paper, ICES Journal of Marine Science
Habitat models can be used to predict the distributions of marine and estuarine non-indigenous species (NIS) over several spatial scales. At an estuary scale, our goal is to predict the estuaries most likely to be invaded, but at a habitat scale, the goal is to predict the specific locations within...
Interactive visualization to advance earthquake simulation
L.H. Kellogg, G.W. Bawden, T. Bernardin, M. Billen, E. Cowgill, B. Hamann, M. Jadamec, O. Kreylos, O. Staadt, D. Sumner
2008, Pure and Applied Geophysics (165) 621-633
The geological sciences are challenged to manage and interpret increasing volumes of data as observations and simulations increase in size and complexity. For example, simulations of earthquake-related processes typically generate complex, time-varying data sets in two or more dimensions. To facilitate interpretation and analysis of these data sets, evaluate the...
Coastal typology: An integrative "neutral" technique for coastal zone characterization and analysis
R. W. Buddemeier, S. V. Smith, D.P. Swaney, C.J. Crossland, B.A. Maxwell
2008, Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science (77) 197-205
Typology, the 'study or systematic classification of types that have characteristics or traits in common', has become a commonly used term and technique in coastal zone studies over the past two decades. At least part of this is due to adoption by the first Land-Ocean Interactions in the Coastal Zone...
Simulation of fluid, heat transport to estimate desert stream infiltration
J.T. Kulongoski, J. A. Izbicki
2008, Ground Water (46) 462-474
In semiarid regions, the contribution of infiltration from intermittent streamflow to ground water recharge may be quantified by comparing simulations of fluid and heat transport beneath stream channels to observed ground temperatures. In addition to quantifying natural recharge, streamflow infiltration estimates provide a means to characterize the physical properties of...
