Copper isotope fractionation in acid mine drainage
B.E. Kimball, R. Mathur, A.C. Dohnalkova, A.J. Wall, R.L. Runkel, S.L. Brantley
2009, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (73) 1247-1263
We measured the Cu isotopic composition of primary minerals and stream water affected by acid mine drainage in a mineralized watershed (Colorado, USA). The δ65Cu values (based on 65Cu/63Cu) of enargite (δ65Cu = −0.01 ± 0.10‰; 2σ) and chalcopyrite (δ65Cu = 0.16 ± 0.10‰) are within the range of reported values for terrestrial primary Cu sulfides (−1‰ < δ65Cu < 1‰). These mineral...
Relating groundwater to seasonal wetlands in southeastern Wisconsin, USA
J.D. Skalbeck, D.M. Reed, R. J. Hunt, J.D. Lambert
2009, Hydrogeology Journal (17) 215-228
Historically, drier types of wetlands have been difficult to characterize and are not well researched. Nonetheless, they are considered to reflect the precipitation history with little, if any, regard for possible relation to groundwater. Two seasonal coastal wetland types (wet prairie, sedge meadow) were investigated during three growing seasons at...
Post-breeding season distribution of black-footed and Laysan albatrosses satellite-tagged in Alaska: Inter-specific differences in spatial overlap with North Pacific fisheries
K.N. Fischer, R.M. Suryan, D.D. Roby, G.R. Balogh
2009, Biological Conservation (142) 751-760
We integrated satellite-tracking data from black-footed albatrosses (Phoebastria nigripes; n = 7) and Laysan albatrosses captured in Alaska (Phoebastria immutabilis; n = 18) with data on fishing effort and distribution from commercial fisheries in the North Pacific in order to assess potential risk from bycatch. Albatrosses were satellite-tagged at-sea in...
An integrated approach to assess broad-scale condition of coastal wetlands - The Gulf of Mexico Coastal Wetlands pilot survey
J.A. Nestlerode, V.D. Engle, P. Bourgeois, P.T. Heitmuller, J.M. Macauley, Y.C. Allen
2009, Conference Paper, Environmental Monitoring and Assessment
The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) initiated a two-year regional pilot survey in 2007 to develop, test, and validate tools and approaches to assess the condition of northern Gulf of Mexico (GOM) coastal wetlands. Sampling sites were selected from estuarine and palustrine wetland areas with herbaceous,...
Groundwater's significance to changing hydrology, water chemistry, and biological communities of a floodplain ecosystem, Everglades, South Florida, USA
J. W. Harvey, P.V. McCormick
2009, Hydrogeology Journal (17) 185-201
The Everglades (Florida, USA) is one of the world's larger subtropical peatlands with biological communities adapted to waters low in total dissolved solids and nutrients. Detecting how the pre-drainage hydrological system has been altered is crucial to preserving its functional attributes. However, reliable tools for hindcasting historic conditions in the...
Possible sources of archaeological maize found in Chaco Canyon and Aztec Ruin, New Mexico
L. V. Benson, J.R. Stein, Howard E. Taylor
2009, Journal of Archaeological Science (36) 387-407
Maize played a major role in Chaco's interaction with outlying communities in the southern Colorado Plateau. This paper seeks to determine where archaeological corn cobs brought to Chaco Canyon were grown. Strontium-isotope and trace-metal ratios of 180 soil-water and 18 surface-water sites in the Southern Colorado Plateau have revealed possible...
The effects of aquaculture production noise on the growth, condition factor, feed conversion, and survival of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss
J. Davidson, J. Bebak, P. Mazik
2009, Aquaculture (288) 337-343
Intensive aquaculture systems, particularly recirculating systems, utilize equipment such as aerators, air and water pumps, blowers, and filtration systems that inadvertently increase noise levels in fish culture tanks. Sound levels and frequencies measured within intensive aquaculture systems are within the range of fish hearing, but species-specific effects of aquaculture production...
Case study of a full-scale evapotranspiration cover
Patrick E. McGuire, Brian J. Andraski, Ryan E. Archibald
2009, Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering (135) 316-332
The design, construction, and performance analyses of a 6.1ha evapotranspiration (ET) landfill cover at the semiarid U.S. Army Fort Carson site, near Colorado Springs, Colo. are presented. Initial water-balance model simulations, using literature reported soil hydraulic data, aided selection of borrow-source soil type(s) that resulted in predictions...
Turbulent stresses and secondary currents in a tidal-forced channel with significant curvature and asymmetric bed forms
D.A. Fong, Stephen G. Monismith, M.T. Stacey, J.R. Burau
2009, Journal of Hydraulic Engineering (135) 198-208
Acoustic Doppler current profilers are deployed to measure both the mean flow and turbulent properties in a channel with significant curvature. Direct measurements of the Reynolds stress show a significant asymmetry over the tidal cycle where stresses are enhanced during the flood tide and less prominent over...
Scenario liquefaction hazard maps of Santa Clara Valley, Northern California
T.L. Holzer, T.E. Noce, M.J. Bennett
2009, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (99) 367-381
Maps showing the probability of surface manifestations of liquefaction in the northern Santa Clara Valley were prepared with liquefaction probability curves. These curves were based on complementary cumulative frequency distributions of the liquefaction potential index (LPI) for surficial geologic units in the study area. LPI values were computed with extensive...
Hydrograph separation for karst watersheds using a two-domain rainfall-discharge model
Andrew J. Long
2009, Journal of Hydrology (364) 249-256
Highly parameterized, physically based models may be no more effective at simulating the relations between rainfall and outflow from karst watersheds than are simpler models. Here an antecedent rainfall and convolution model was used to separate a karst watershed hydrograph into two outflow components: one originating from focused recharge in...
Phenologically-tuned MODIS NDVI-based production anomaly estimates for Zimbabwe
Chris Funk, Michael E. Budde
2009, Remote Sensing of Environment (113) 115-125
For thirty years, simple crop water balance models have been used by the early warning community to monitor agricultural drought. These models estimate and accumulate actual crop evapotranspiration, evaluating environmental conditions based on crop water requirements. Unlike seasonal rainfall totals, these models take into account the phenology of the crop,...
Shallow water processes govern system-wide phytoplankton bloom dynamics: A modeling study
L.V. Lucas, Jeffrey R. Koseff, Stephen G. Monismith, J.K. Thompson
2009, Journal of Marine Systems (75) 70-86
A pseudo-two-dimensional numerical model of estuarine phytoplankton growth and consumption, vertical turbulent mixing, and idealized cross-estuary transport was developed and applied to South San Francisco Bay. This estuary has two bathymetrically distinct habitat types (deep channel, shallow shoal) and associated differences in local net rates of phytoplankton growth and consumption,...
Impact of AMD on water quality in critical watershed in the Hudson River drainage basin: Phillips Mine, Hudson Highlands, New York
S. Gilchrist, A. Gates, Z. Szabo, P. J. Lamothe
2009, Environmental Geology (57) 397-409
A sulfur and trace element enriched U-Th-laced tailings pile at the abandoned Phillips Mine in Garrison, New York, releases acid mine drainage (AMD, generally pH < 3, minimum pH 1.78) into the first-order Copper Mine Brook (CMB) that drains into the Hudson River. The pyrrhotite-rich Phillips Mine is located in...
Mapping of accumulated nitrogen in the sediment pore water of a eutrophic lake in Iowa, USA
M.Z. Iqbal, C.L. Fields
2009, Environmental Geology (57) 465-475
A large pool of nitrogen in the sediment pore fluid of a eutrophic lake in Iowa, USA, was mapped in this study. Previously, the lake had supported fishing and boating, but today it no longer supports its designated uses as a recreational water body. In the top 5 cm of...
Evaluating the validity of using unverified indices of body condition
J.L. Schamber, Daniel Esler, Paul L. Flint
2009, Journal of Avian Biology (40) 49-56
Condition indices are commonly used in an attempt to link body condition of birds to ecological variables of interest, including demographic attributes such as survival and reproduction. Most indices are based on body mass adjusted for structural body size, calculated as simple ratios or residuals from regressions. However, condition indices...
Zooplankton assemblages in montane lakes and ponds of Mount Rainier National Park, Washington State, USA
G.L. Larson, R. Hoffman, C. D. McIntire, G. Lienkaemper, B. Samora
2009, Journal of Plankton Research (31) 273-285
Water quality and zooplankton samples were collected during the ice-free periods between 1988 and 2005 from 103 oligotrophic montane lakes and ponds located in low forest to alpine vegetation zones in Mount Rainier National Park, Washington State, USA. Collectively, 45 rotifer and 44 crustacean taxa were identified. Most of the...
Mercury isotopic composition of hydrothermal systems in the Yellowstone Plateau volcanic field and Guaymas Basin sea-floor rift
L.S. Sherman, J.D. Blum, D. Kirk Nordstrom, R. Blaine McCleskey, T. Barkay, C. Vetriani
2009, Earth and Planetary Science Letters (279) 86-96
To characterize mercury (Hg) isotopes and isotopic fractionation in hydrothermal systems we analyzed fluid and precipitate samples from hot springs in the Yellowstone Plateau volcanic field and vent chimney samples from the Guaymas Basin sea-floor rift. These samples provide an initial indication of the variability in Hg isotopic composition among...
Predator avoidance performance of larval fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) following short-term exposure to estrogen mixtures
M.R. McGee, M.L. Julius, A.M. Vajda, D.O. Norris, L. B. Barber, H.L. Schoenfuss
2009, Aquatic Toxicology (91) 355-361
Aquatic organisms exposed to endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) at early life-stages may have reduced reproductive fitness via disruption of reproductive and non-reproductive behavioral and physiological pathways. Survival to reproductive age relies upon optimal non-reproductive trait expression, such as adequate predator avoidance responses, which may be impacted through EDC exposure. During...
Identification of methyl triclosan and halogenated analogues in male common carp (Cyprinus carpio) from Las Vegas Bay and semipermeable membrane devices from Las Vegas Wash, Nevada
T.J. Leiker, S.R. Abney, S. L. Goodbred, Michael R. Rosen
2009, Science of the Total Environment (407) 2102-2114
Methyl triclosan and four halogenated analogues have been identified in extracts of individual whole-body male carp (Cyprinus carpio) tissue that were collected from Las Vegas Bay, Nevada, and Semipermeable Membrane Devices (SPMD) that were deployed in Las Vegas Wash, Nevada. Methyl triclosan is believed to be the microbially methylated product...
Seasonal stability of Cladophora-associated Salmonella in Lake Michigan watersheds
M.N. Byappanahalli, R. Sawdey, S. Ishii, D.A. Shively, J.A. Ferguson, R.L. Whitman, M.J. Sadowsky
2009, Water Research (43) 806-814
The bacterial pathogens Shigella, Salmonella, Campylobacter, and shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) were recently found to be associated with Cladophora growing in southern Lake Michigan. Preliminary results indicated that the Salmonella strains associated with Cladophora were genetically identical to each other. However, because of the small sample size (n =...
Flow and geochemistry of groundwater beneath a back-barrier lagoon: The subterranean estuary at Chincoteague Bay, Maryland, USA
J.F. Bratton, J.K. Böhlke, D.E. Krantz, C.R. Tobias
2009, Marine Chemistry (113) 78-92
To better understand large-scale interactions between fresh and saline groundwater beneath an Atlantic coastal estuary, an offshore drilling and sampling study was performed in a large barrier-bounded lagoon, Chincoteague Bay, Maryland, USA. Groundwater that was significantly fresher than overlying bay water was found in shallow plumes up to 8 m thick...
Effects of the herbicide diuron on cordgrass (Spartina foliosa) reflectance and photosynthetic parameters
S.L. Williams, A. Carranza, J. Kunzelman, S. Datta, Kathryn Kuivila
2009, Estuaries and Coasts (32) 146-157
Early indicators of salt marsh plant stress are needed to detect stress before it is manifested as changes in biomass and coverage. We explored a variety of leaf-level spectral reflectance and fluorescence variables as indicators of stress in response to the herbicide diuron. Diuron, a Photosystem II inhibitor, is heavily...
Potential effects of mercury on threatened California black rails
Danika C. Tsao, A. Keith Miles, John Y. Takekawa, Isa Woo
2009, Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology (56) 292-301
San Francisco Bay (SFB) estuary sediments contain high levels of mercury (Hg), and tidal marsh resident species may be vulnerable to Hg contamination. We examined Hg concentrations in California black rails, a threatened waterbird species that inhabits SFB tidal salt marshes. We captured 127 black rails during the prebreeding and...
Forecasting the combined effects of urbanization and climate change on stream ecosystems: from impacts to management options
Karen C. Nelson, Margaret A. Palmer, James E. Pizzuto, Glenn E. Moglen, Paul L. Angermeier, Robert H. Hilderbrand, Mike Dettinger, Katharine Hayhoe
2009, Journal of Applied Ecology (46) 154-163
Streams collect runoff, heat, and sediment from their watersheds, making them highly vulnerable to anthropogenic disturbances such as urbanization and climate change. Forecasting the effects of these disturbances using process-based models is critical to identifying the form and magnitude of likely impacts. Here, we integrate a new biotic model with...
