Surveillance for high pathogenicity avian influenza virus in wild birds in the Pacific Flyway of the United States, 2006-2007
Robert J. Dusek, J.B. Bortner, T.J. DeLiberto, J. Hoskins, J. Christian Franson, B.D. Bales, D. Yparraguirre, S.R. Swafford, Hon S. Ip
2009, Avian Diseases (53) 222-230
In 2006 the U.S. Department of Agriculture, U.S. Department of Interior, and cooperating state fish and wildlife agencies began surveillance for high-pathogenicity avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 virus in wild birds in the Pacific Flyway of the United States. This surveillance effort was highly integrated in California, Oregon, Washington, Idaho, Nevada,...
Using oxygen isotopes of phosphate to trace phosphorus sources and cycling in lake Erie
K.E. Elsbury, A. Paytan, N.E. Ostrom, C. Kendall, M.B. Young, K. McLaughlin, M.E. Rollog, S. Watson
2009, Environmental Science & Technology (43) 3108-3114
Water samples collected during three sampling trips to Lake Erie displayed oxygen isotopic values of dissolved phosphate (δ18Op) that were largely out of equilibrium with ambient conditions, indicating that source signatures may be discerned. δ18Op values in the Lake ranged from +10‰ to +17‰, whereas the equilibrium value was expected to...
New light on a dark subject: On the use of fluorescence data to deduce redox states of natural organic matter (NOM)
Donald L. Macalady, Katherine Walton-Day
2009, Aquatic Sciences (71) 135-143
This paper reports the use of excitation-emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopy (EEMS), parallel factor statistical analysis (PARAFAC), and oxidation-reduction experiments to examine the effect of redox conditions on PARAFAC model results for aqueous samples rich in natural organic matter. Fifty-four aqueous samples from 11 different geographic locations and two plant extracts...
Assessment tools for urban catchments: developing biological indicators based on benthic macroinvertebrates
A.H. Purcell, D.W. Bressler, M.J. Paul, M.T. Barbour, E.T. Rankin, J.L. Carter, V.H. Resh
2009, Journal of the American Water Resources Association (45) 306-319
Biological indicators, particularly benthic macroinvertebrates, are widely used and effective measures of the impact of urbanization on stream ecosystems. A multimetric biological index of urbanization was developed using a large benthic macroinvertebrate dataset (n = 1,835) from the Baltimore, Maryland, metropolitan area and then validated with datasets from Cleveland, Ohio...
Unique problems associated with seismic analysis of partially gas-saturated unconsolidated sediments
Myung W. Lee, T. S. Collett
2009, Marine and Petroleum Geology (26) 775-781
Gas hydrate stability conditions restrict the occurrence of gas hydrate to unconsolidated and high water-content sediments at shallow depths. Because of these host sediments properties, seismic and well log data acquired for the detection of free gas and associated gas hydrate-bearing sediments often require nonconventional analysis. For example, a conventional...
Using nitrate to quantify quick flow in a karst aquifer
B.J. Mahler, B.D. Garner
2009, Ground Water (47) 350-360
In karst aquifers, contaminated recharge can degrade spring water quality, but quantifying the rapid recharge (quick flow) component of spring flow is challenging because of its temporal variability. Here, we investigate the use of nitrate in a two-endmember mixing model to quantify quick flow in Barton Springs, Austin, Texas. Historical...
Vulnerability of a public supply well in a karstic aquifer to contamination
B. G. Katz, W.S. McBride, A.G. Hunt, C. A. Crandall, P. A. Metz, S. M. Eberts, M. P. Berndt
2009, Ground Water (47) 438-452
To assess the vulnerability of ground water to contamination in the karstic Upper Floridan aquifer (UFA), age-dating tracers and selected anthropogenic and naturally occurring compounds were analyzed in multiple water samples from a public supply well (PSW) near Tampa, Florida. Samples also were collected from 28 monitoring wells in the...
Research in thermal biology: Burning questions for coldwater stream fishes
D.A. McCullough, J.M. Bartholow, H.I. Jager, R. L. Beschta, E.F. Cheslak, M.L. Deas, J. L. Ebersole, J.S. Foott, S. L. Johnson, K.R. Marine, M.G. Mesa, J.H. Petersen, Y. Souchon, K.F. Tiffan, W.A. Wurtsbaugh
2009, Reviews in Fisheries Science (17) 90-115
With the increasing appreciation of global warming impacts on ecological systems, in addition to the myriad of land management effects on water quality, the number of literature citations dealing with the effects of water temperature on freshwater fish has escalated in the past decade. Given the many biological scales at...
The role of reaction affinity and secondary minerals in regulating chemical weathering rates at the Santa Cruz Soil Chronosequence, California
K. Maher, Carl Steefel, A. F. White, David A. Stonestrom
2009, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (73) 2804-2831
In order to explore the reasons for the apparent discrepancy between laboratory and field weathering rates and to determine the extent to which weathering rates are controlled by the approach to thermodynamic equilibrium, secondary mineral precipitation, and flow rates, a multicomponent reactive transport model (CrunchFlow) was used to interpret soil...
Ultra-deep oxidation and exotic copper formation at the late pliocene boyongan and bayugo porphyry copper-gold deposits, surigao, philippines: Geology, mineralogy, paleoaltimetry, and their implications for Geologic, physiographic, and tectonic controls
D.P. Braxton, D. R. Cooke, A.M. Ignacio, R. O. Rye, P.J. Waters
2009, Economic Geology (104) 333-349
The Boyongan and Bayugo porphyry copper-gold deposits are part of an emerging belt of intrusion-centered gold-rich deposits in the Surigao district of northeast Mindanao, Philippines. Exhumation and weathering of these Late Pliocene-age deposits has led to the development of the world's deepest known porphyry oxidation profile at Boyongan (600 m),...
Using nitrogen stable isotopes to detect longdistance movement in a threatened cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii utah)
A.J. Sepulveda, W.T. Colyer, W.H. Lowe, M.R. Vinson
2009, Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences (66) 672-682
Interior cutthroat trout occupy small fractions of their historic ranges and existing populations often are relegated to headwater habitats. Conservation requires balancing protection for isolated genetically pure populations with restoration of migratory life histories by reconnecting corridors between headwater and mainstem habitats. Identification of alternative life history strategies within a...
Numerical simulation of dune-flat bed transition and stage‐discharge relationship with hysteresis effect
Yasuyuki Shimizu, Sanjay Giri, Satomi Yamaguchi, Jonathan M. Nelson
2009, Water Resources Research (45)
This work presents recent advances on morphodynamic modeling of bed forms under unsteady discharge. This paper includes further development of a morphodynamic model proposed earlier by Giri and Shimizu (2006a). This model reproduces the temporal development of river dunes and accurately replicates the physical properties associated with bed form evolution....
Methylmercury enters an aquatic food web through acidophilic microbial mats in Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming
Eric S. Boyd, S. King, J.K. Tomberlin, D. Kirk Nordstrom, D. P. Krabbenhoft, T. Barkay, G. G. Geesey
2009, Environmental Microbiology (11) 950-959
Microbial mats are a visible and abundant life form inhabiting the extreme environments in Yellowstone National Park (YNP), WY, USA. Little is known of their role in food webs that exist in the Park's geothermal habitats. Eukaryotic green algae associated with a phototrophic green/purple Zygogonium microbial mat community that inhabits low-temperature regions...
Impacts of episodic acidification on in-stream survival and physiological impairment of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) smolts
S. D. McCormick, A. Keyes, K.H. Nislow, M.Y. Monette
2009, Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences (66) 394-403
We conducted field studies to determine the levels of acid and aluminum (Al) that affect survival, smolt development, ion homeostasis, and stress in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) smolts in restoration streams of the Connecticut River in southern Vermont, USA. Fish were held in cages in five streams encompassing a wide...
Recent experimental data may point to a greater role for osmotic pressures in the subsurface
C. E. Neuzil, A.M. Provost
2009, Water Resources Research (45)
Uncertainty about the origin of anomalous fluid pressures in certain geologic settings has caused researchers to take a second look at osmosis, or flow driven by chemical potential differences, as a pressure‐generating process in the subsurface. Interest in geological osmosis has also increased because of an in situ experiment by...
Nitrate removal in stream ecosystems measured by 15N addition experiments: Denitrification
P. J. Mulholland, R. O. Hall Jr., D. J. Sobota, W. K. Dodds, S.E.G. Findlay, N. B. Grimm, S. K. Hamilton, W. H. McDowell, J. M. O’Brien, J. L. Tank, L. R. Ashkenas, L. W. Cooper, Clifford N. Dahm, S.V. Gregory, S. L. Johnson, J.L. Meyer, B. J. Peterson, G. C. Poole, H. M. Valett, J.R. Webster, C. P. Arango, J. J. Beaulieu, M. J. Bernot, A. J. Burgin, C. L. Crenshaw, A. M. Helton, L. T. Johnson, B.R. Niederlehner, J. D. Potter, R.W. Sheibley, S.M. Thomasn
2009, Limnology and Oceanography (54) 666-680
We measured denitrification rates using a field 15N-NO- 3 tracer-addition approach in a large, cross-site study of nitrate uptake in reference, agricultural, and suburban-urban streams. We measured denitrification rates in 49 of 72 streams studied. Uptake length due to denitrification (SWden) ranged from 89 m to 184 km (median of...
Use of predictive models and rapid methods to nowcast bacteria levels at coastal beaches
Donna S. Francy
2009, Aquatic Ecosystem Health & Management (12) 177-182
The need for rapid assessments of recreational water quality to better protect public health is well accepted throughout the research and regulatory communities. Rapid analytical methods, such as quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and immunomagnetic separation/adenosine triphosphate (ATP) analysis, are being tested but are not yet ready for widespread use.Another...
Simulating hydrologic and hydraulic processes throughout the Amazon River Basin
R.E. Beighley, K.G. Eggert, T. Dunne, Y. He, V. Gummadi, K.L. Verdin
2009, Hydrological Processes (23) 1221-1235
Presented here is a model framework based on a land surface topography that can be represented with various degrees of resolution and capable of providing representative channel/floodplain hydraulic characteristics on a daily to hourly scale. The framework integrates two models: (1) a water balance model (WBM) for the vertical fluxes...
Factors influencing coastal cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii clarkii) seasonal survival rates: A spatially continuous approach within stream networks
A.M. Berger, R. E. Gresswell
2009, Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences (66) 613-632
Mark-recapture methods were used to examine watershed-scale survival of coastal cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii clarkii) from two headwater stream networks. A total of 1725 individuals (???100 mm, fork length) were individually marked and monitored seasonally over a 3-year period. Differences in survival were compared among spatial (stream segment, subwatershed, and...
Environmental forcing on life history strategies: Evidence for multi-trophic level responses at ocean basin scales
Robert M. Suryan, Vincent S. Saba, Bryan P. Wallace, Scott A. Hatch, Morten Frederiksen, Sarah Wanless
2009, Progress in Oceanography (81) 214-222
Variation in life history traits of organisms is thought to reflect adaptations to environmental forcing occurring from bottom-up and top-down processes. Such variation occurs not only among, but also within species, indicating demographic plasticity in response to environmental conditions. From a broad literature review, we present evidence for ocean basin-...
Lake St. Clair zooplankton: Evidence for post-Dreissena changes
Katherine A. David, Bruce M. Davis, R. Douglas Hunter
2009, Journal of Freshwater Ecology (24) 199-210
We surveyed the zooplankton of Lake St. Clair at 12 sites over ten dates from May to October 2000. Mean zooplankton density by site and date was 168.6 individuals/L, with Dreissena spp. veligers the most abundant taxon at 122.7 individuals/L. Rotifers, copepods, and cladocerans were far lower in mean abundance...
The use of fluoride as a natural tracer in water and the relationship to geological features: Examples from the Animas River Watershed, San Juan Mountains, Silverton, Colorado
Dana J. Bove, Katherine Walton-Day, Briant A. Kimball
2009, Geochemistry: Exploration, Environment, Analysis (9) 125-138
Investigations within the Silverton caldera, in southwestern Colorado, used a combination of traditional geological mapping, alteration-assemblage mapping, and aqueous geochemical sampling that showed a relationship between geological and hydrologic features that may be used to better understand the provenance and evolution of the water. Veins containing fluorite, huebnerite, and elevated...
Interbasin flow in the Great Basin with special reference to the southern Funeral Mountains and the source of Furnace Creek springs, Death Valley, California, U.S.
W.R. Belcher, M. S. Bedinger, J.T. Back, D. S. Sweetkind
2009, Journal of Hydrology (369) 30-43
Interbasin flow in the Great Basin has been established by scientific studies during the past century. While not occurring uniformly between all basins, its occurrence is common and is a function of the hydraulic gradient between basins and hydraulic conductivity of the intervening rocks. The Furnace Creek springs in Death...
Salinity tolerance of non-native Asian swamp eels (Teleostei: Synbranchidae) in Florida, USA: Comparison of three populations and implications for dispersal
P. J. Schofield, L.G. Nico
2009, Environmental Biology of Fishes (85) 51-59
Three populations of non-native Asian swamp eels are established in peninsular Florida (USA), and comprise two different genetic lineages. To assess potential for these fish to penetrate estuarine habitats or use coastal waters as dispersal routes, we determined their salinity tolerances. Swamp eels from the three Florida populations were tested...
Elemental signatures in otoliths of hatchery rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss): Distinctiveness and utility fo detecting origins and movement
D. K. Gibson-Reinemer, B. M. Johnson, P.J. Martinez, D.L. Winkelman, A.E. Koenig, J.D. Woodhead
2009, Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences (66) 513-524
Otolith chemistry in freshwater has considerable potential to reveal patterns of origin and movement, which would benefit traditional fisheries management and provide a valuable tool to curb the spread of invasive and illicitly stocked species. We evaluated the relationship between otolith and water chemistry for five markers (Ba/Ca, Mn/Ca, Sr/...
