Quantifying tolerance indicator values for common stream fish species of the United States
M. R. Meador, D.M. Carlisle
2007, Ecological Indicators (7) 329-338
The classification of fish species tolerance to environmental disturbance is often used as a means to assess ecosystem conditions. Its use, however, may be problematic because the approach to tolerance classification is based on subjective judgment. We analyzed fish and physicochemical data from 773 stream sites collected as part of...
Ambiguous taxa: Effects on the characterization and interpretation of invertebrate assemblages
T. F. Cuffney, Michael D. Bilger, A.M. Haigler
2007, Journal of the North American Benthological Society (26) 286-307
Damaged and immature specimens often result in macroinvertebrate data that contain ambiguous parent-child pairs (i.e., abundances associated with multiple related levels of the taxonomic hierarchy such as Baetis pluto and the associated ambiguous parent Baetis sp.). The choice of method used to resolve ambiguous parent-child pairs may have a very...
Mars reconnaissance orbiter's high resolution imaging science experiment (HiRISE)
Alfred S. McEwen, Eric M. Eliason, James W. Bergstrom, Nathan T. Bridges, Candice J. Hansen, W. Alan Delamere, John A. Grant, Virginia C. Gulick, Kenneth E. Herkenhoff, Laszlo P. Keszthelyi, Randolph L. Kirk, Michael T. Mellon, Steven W. Squyres, Nicolas Thomas, Catherine M. Weitz
2007, Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets (112)
The HiRISE camera features a 0.5 m diameter primary mirror, 12 m effective focal length, and a focal plane system that can acquire images containing up to 28 Gb (gigabits) of data in as little as 6 seconds. HiRISE will provide detailed images (0.25 to 1.3 m/pixel) covering ∼1% of...
Species-area curves indicate the importance of habitats' contributions to regional biodiversity
G.W. Chong, T.J. Stohlgren
2007, Ecological Indicators (7) 387-395
We examined species-area curves, species composition and similarity (Jaccard's coefficients), and species richness in 17 vegetation types to develop a composite index of a vegetation type's contribution to regional species richness. We collected data from 1 to 1000 m2 scales in 147 nested plots in Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado,...
An evaluation of freshwater mussel toxicity data in the derivation of water quality guidance and standards for copper
F.A. March, F.J. Dwyer, T. Augspurger, C.G. Ingersoll, N. Wang, C.A. Mebane
2007, Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (26) 2066-2074
The state of Oklahoma has designated several areas as freshwater mussel sanctuaries in an attempt to provide freshwater mussel species a degree of protection and to facilitate their reproduction. We evaluated the protection afforded freshwater mussels by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) hardness-based 1996 ambient copper water quality...
Late Quaternary paleoenvironments of an ephemeral wetland in North Dakota, USA: Relative interactions of ground-water hydrology and climate change
C.H. Yansa, W.E. Dean, E.C. Murphy
2007, Journal of Paleolimnology (38) 441-457
This study of fossils (pollen, plant macrofossils, stomata and fish) and sediments (lithostratigraphy and geochemistry) from the Wendel site in North Dakota, USA, emphasizes the importance of considering ground-water hydrology when deciphering paleoclimate signals from lakes in postglacial landscapes. The Wendel site was a paleolake from about 11,500 14C yr...
Geomorphic and sedimentologic evidence for the separation of Lake Superior from Lake Michigan and Huron
J.W. Johnston, T.A. Thompson, D.A. Wilcox, S.J. Baedke
2007, Journal of Paleolimnology (37) 349-364
A common break was recognized in four Lake Superior strandplain sequences using geomorphic and sedimentologic characteristics. Strandplains were divided into lakeward and landward sets of beach ridges using aerial photographs and topographic surveys to identify similar surficial features and core data to identify similar subsurface features. Cross-strandplain, elevation-trend changes from...
Multiple-species analysis of point count data: A more parsimonious modelling framework
M.W. Alldredge, K. H. Pollock, T.R. Simons, S.A. Shriner
2007, Journal of Applied Ecology (44) 281-290
1. Although population surveys often provide information on multiple species, these data are rarely analysed within a multiple-species framework despite the potential for more efficient estimation of population parameters. 2. We have developed a multiple-species modelling framework that uses similarities in capture/detection processes among species to model multiple species data...
CO2 storage capacity estimation: Issues and development of standards
J. Bradshaw, S. Bachu, D. Bonijoly, R. Burruss, S. Holloway, N.P. Christensen, O.M. Mathiassen
2007, International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control (1) 62-68
Associated with the endeavours of geoscientists to pursue the promise that geological storage of CO2 has of potentially making deep cuts into greenhouse gas emissions, Governments around the world are dependent on reliable estimates of CO2 storage capacity and insightful indications of the viability of geological storage in their respective...
Arsenic attenuation by oxidized aquifer sediments in Bangladesh
Kenneth G. Stollenwerk, George N. Breit, Alan H. Welch, James C. Yount, John W. Whitney, Andrea L. Foster, M.N. Uddin, R.K. Majumder, N. Ahmed
2007, Science of the Total Environment (379) 133-150
Recognition of arsenic (As) contamination of shallow fluvio-deltaic aquifers in the Bengal Basin has resulted in increasing exploitation of groundwater from deeper aquifers that generally contain low concentrations of dissolved As. Pumping-induced infiltration of high-As groundwater could eventually cause As concentrations in these aquifers to increase. This study investigates the...
Plan curvature and landslide probability in regions dominated by earth flows and earth slides
G.C. Ohlmacher
2007, Engineering Geology (91) 117-134
Damaging landslides in the Appalachian Plateau and scattered regions within the Midcontinent of North America highlight the need for landslide-hazard mapping and a better understanding of the geomorphic development of landslide terrains. The Plateau and Midcontinent have the necessary ingredients for landslides including sufficient relief, steep slope gradients, Pennsylvanian and...
Chromosome painting among Proboscidea, Hyracoidea and Sirenia: Support for Paenungulata (Afrotheria, Mammalia) but not Tethytheria
A.T. Pardini, P. C. M. O’Brien, B. Fu, R. K. Bonde, F.F.B. Elder, M. A. Ferguson-Smith, F. Yang, T.J. Robinson
2007, Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences (274) 1333-1340
Despite marked improvements in the interpretation of systematic relationships within Eutheria, particular nodes, including Paenungulata (Hyracoidea, Sirenia and Proboscidea), remain ambiguous. The combination of a rapid radiation, a deep divergence and an extensive morphological diversification has resulted in a limited phylogenetic signal confounding resolution within this clade both at the...
Advanced technologies demonstrated by the miniature integrated camera and spectrometer (MICAS) aboard deep space 1
D.H. Rodgers, P.M. Beauchamp, L.A. Soderblom, R. H. Brown, G.-S. Chen, M. Lee, B.R. Sandel, D.A. Thomas, R.T. Benoit, R.V. Yelle
2007, Space Science Reviews (129) 309-326
MICAS is an integrated multi-channel instrument that includes an ultraviolet imaging spectrometer (80-185 nm), two high-resolution visible imagers (10-20 ??rad/pixel, 400-900 nm), and a short-wavelength infrared imaging spectrometer (1250-2600 nm). The wavelength ranges were chosen to maximize the science data that could be collected using existing semiconductor technologies and avoiding...
Nutrients stimulate leaf breakdown rates and detritivore biomass: Bottom-up effects via heterotrophic pathways
J.L. Greenwood, A.D. Rosemond, J.B. Wallace, W. F. Cross, H.S. Weyers
2007, Oecologia (151) 637-649
Most nutrient enrichment studies in aquatic systems have focused on autotrophic food webs in systems where primary producers dominate the resource base. We tested the heterotrophic response to long-term nutrient enrichment in a forested, headwater stream. Our study design consisted of 2 years of pretreatment data in a reference and...
Thermal structure of oceanic transform faults
M.D. Behn, M.S. Boettcher, G. Hirth
2007, Geology (35) 307-310
We use three-dimensional finite element simulations to investigate the temperature structure beneath oceanic transform faults. We show that using a rheology that incorporates brittle weakening of the lithosphere generates a region of enhanced mantle upwelling and elevated temperatures along the transform; the warmest...
Feasibility of detecting near-surface feature with Rayleigh-wave diffraction
J. Xia, Jonathan E. Nyquist, Y. Xu, M.J.S. Roth, R. D. Miller
2007, Journal of Applied Geophysics (62) 244-253
Detection of near-surfaces features such as voids and faults is challenging due to the complexity of near-surface materials and the limited resolution of geophysical methods. Although multichannel, high-frequency, surface-wave techniques can provide reliable shear (S)-wave velocities in different geological settings, they are not suitable for detecting voids directly based on...
Hydrodynamics of coalbed methane reservoirs in the Black Warrior Basin: Key to understanding reservoir performance and environmental issues
J.C. Pashin
2007, Applied Geochemistry (22) 2257-2272
The Black Warrior Basin of the southeastern United States hosts one of the world's most prolific and long-lived coalbed methane plays, and the wealth of experience in this basin provides insight into the relationships among basin hydrology, production performance, and environmental issues. Along the southeast margin of the basin, meteoric...
Local magnitude determinations for intermountain seismic belt earthquakes from broadband digital data
J.C. Pechmann, S.J. Nava, F.M. Terra, J.C. Bernier
2007, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (97) 557-574
The University of Utah Seismograph Stations (UUSS) earthquake catalogs for the Utah and Yellowstone National Park regions contain two types of size measurements: local magnitude (ML) and coda magnitude (MC), which is calibrated against ML. From 1962 through 1993, UUSS calculated ML values for southern and central Intermountain Seismic Belt...
Coupling contaminants with demography: Effects of lead and selenium in Pacific common eiders
H.M. Wilson, Paul L. Flint, A.N. Powell
2007, Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (26) 1410-1417
We coupled intensive population monitoring with collection of blood samples from 383 nesting Pacific common eiders (Somateria mollisima v-nigrum) at two locations in Alaska (USA) from 2002 to 2004. We investigated annual, geographic, and within-season variation in blood concentrations of lead and selenium; compared exposure patterns with sympatrically nesting spectacled...
Sizing up earthquake damage: Differing points of view
S. Hough, A. Bolen
2007, Geotimes (52) 46-48
When a catastrophic event strikes an urban area, many different professionals hit the ground running. Emergency responders respond, reporters report, and scientists and engineers collect and analyze data. Journalists and scientists may share interest in these events, but they have very different missions. To a journalist, earthquake damage is news....
Juvenile densities relative to water regime in mainstem reservoirs of the Tennessee River, USA
L.E. Miranda, D.R. Lowery
2007, Lakes and Reservoirs: Research and Management (12) 87-96
Successful reproduction and development of strong year classes of fish in storage reservoirs are commonly associated with reproductive seasons of high water level and extensive flooding. Responses to flooding are likely to be less pronounced or altogether different in mainstem navigation reservoirs that experience limited water level fluctuation. In these...
The role of natural vegetative disturbance in determining stream reach characteristics in central Idaho and western Montana
B.B. Roper, B. Jarvis, J. L. Kershner
2007, Northwest Science (81) 224-238
We evaluated the relationship between natural vegetative disturbance and changes in stream habitat and macroinvertebrate metrics within 33 randomly selected minimally managed watersheds in central Idaho and western Montana. Changes in stream reach conditions were related to vegetative disturbance for the time periods from 1985 to 1993 and 1993 to...
A field assessment of the value of steady shape hydraulic tomography for characterization of aquifer heterogeneities
Geoffrey C. Bohling, James J. Butler Jr., Xiaoyong Zhan, Michael D. Knoll
2007, Water Resources Research (43)
Hydraulic tomography is a promising approach for obtaining information on variations in hydraulic conductivity on the scale of relevance for contaminant transport investigations. This approach involves performing a series of pumping tests in a format similar to tomography. We present a field‐scale assessment of hydraulic tomography in a porous aquifer,...
Big lake records preserved in a little lake's sediment: An example from Silver Lake, Michigan, USA
T.G. Fisher, W.L. Loope, W. Pierce, H.M. Jol
2007, Journal of Paleolimnology (37) 365-382
We reconstruct postglacial lake-level history within the Lake Michigan basin using soil stratigraphy, ground-penetrating radar (GPR), sedimentology and 14C data from the Silver Lake basin, which lies adjacent to Lake Michigan. Stratigraphy in nine vibracores recovered from the floor of Silver Lake appears to reflect fluctuation of water levels in the...
Courtship and mating in free-living spotted hyenas
M. Szykman, R. C. Van Horn, A.L. Engh, E. E. Boydston, K.E. Holekamp
2007, Behaviour (144) 815-846
Female spotted hyenas (Crocuta crocuta) are larger and more aggressive than males, and their genitalia are heavily 'masculinized'. These odd traits in females pose unusual challenges for males during courtship and copulation. Here our goals were to describe and quantify the behavior patterns involved in courtship and copulation in Crocuta,...
