Buruli ulcer disease prevalence in Benin, West Africa: Associations with land use/cover and the identification of disease clusters
T. Wagner, M.E. Benbow, T.O. Brenden, J. Qi, R. C. Johnson
2008, International Journal of Health Geographics (7)
Background: Buruli ulcer (BU) disease, caused by infection with the environmental mycobacterium M. ulcerans, is an emerging infectious disease in many tropical and sub-tropical countries. Although vectors and modes of transmission remain unknown, it is hypothesized that the transmission of BU disease is associated with human activities in or around...
Survival of cool and warm freshwater fish following chloramine-T exposure
M.P. Gaikowski, W.J. Larson, W.H. Gingerich
2008, Aquaculture (275) 20-25
Chloramine-T is presently available in the USA to control mortalities associated with bacterial gill disease or external columnaris only through an Investigational New Animal Drug Permit authorized by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Its US approval hinges on FDA's acceptance of several key data, including those describing animal...
A survey of the indigenous microbiota (bacteria) in three species of mussels from the Clinch and Holston Rivers, Virginia
Clifford E. Starliper, Richard J. Neves, Shane D. Hanlon, Pamela Whittington
2008, Journal of Shellfish Research (27) 1311-1317
Freshwater mussel conservation efforts by many federal and state agencies have increased in recent years. This has led to a greater number of stream surveys, in which mussel die-offs involving high numbers of dead and moribund animals are being observed and reported with greater frequency. Typically, die-offs have...
Cause-specific temporal and spatial trends in green sea turtle strandings in the Hawaiian Archipelago (1982-2003)
Milani Chaloupka, Thierry M. Work, George H. Balazs, Shawn K. K. Murakawa, Robert Morris
2008, Marine Biology (154) 887-898
We investigated cause-specific temporal and spatial trends in sea turtle strandings in the Hawaiian Archipelago. Five species of sea turtle were recorded in 3,861 strandings over a 22-year period (1982–2003). Green turtles comprised 97% of these strandings with size and gender composition reflecting the demographic structure of the resident green...
An evaluation of the mobility of pathogen indicators, Escherichia coli and bacteriophage MS-2, in a highly weathered tropical soil under unsaturated conditions
T.-P. Wong, M. Byappanahalli, B. Yoneyama, C. Ray
2008, Journal of Water and Health (6) 131-140
Laboratory column experiments were conducted to study the effects of anionic polyacrylamide (PAM) polymer and surfactant linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS) on the movement of Escherichia coli and the FRNA phage MS-2. The study was designed to evaluate if PAM or PAM + LAS would enhance the mobility of human pathogens...
Distribution of toxic trace elements in soil/sediment in post-Katrina New Orleans and the Louisiana Delta
T. Su, S. Shu, Honglan Shi, Jingyuan Wang, Craig Adams, Emitt C. Witt III
2008, Environmental Pollution (156) 944-950
This study provided a comprehensive assessment of seven toxic trace elements (As, Pb, V, Cr, Cd, Cu, and Hg) in the soil/sediment of Katrina affected greater New Orleans region 1 month after the recession of flood water. Results indicated significant contamination of As and V and non-significant contamination of Cd,...
Growing up green on serpentine soils: Biogeochemistry of serpentine vegetation in the Central Coast Range of California
C. Oze, C. Skinner, A.W. Schroth, R. G. Coleman
2008, Applied Geochemistry (23) 3391-3403
Serpentine soils derived from the weathering of ultramafic rocks and their metamorphic derivatives (serpentinites) are chemically prohibitive for vegetative growth. Evaluating how serpentine vegetation is able to persist under these chemical conditions is difficult to ascertain due to the numerous factors (climate, relief, time, water availability, etc.) controlling and affecting...
Prominent pancreatic endocrinopathy and altered control of food intake disrupt energy homeostasis in prion diseases
J. D. Bailey, J.G. Berardinelli, Tonie E. Rocke, R. A. Bessen
2008, Journal of Endocrinology (197) 251-263
Prion diseases are fatal neurodegenerative diseases that can induce endocrinopathies. The basis of altered endocrine function in prion diseases is not well understood, and the purpose of this study was to investigate the spatiotemporal relationship between energy homeostasis and prion infection in hamsters inoculated with either the 139H strain of...
Hierarchical modeling of bycatch rates of sea turtles in the western North Atlantic
B. Gardner, P.J. Sullivan, S. Epperly, S.J. Morreale
2008, Endangered Species Research (5)
Previous studies indicate that the locations of the endangered loggerhead Caretta caretta and critically endangered leatherback Dermochelys coriacea sea turtles are influenced by water temperatures, and that incidental catch rates in the pelagic longline fishery vary by region. We present a Bayesian hierarchical model to examine the effects of environmental...
Role of microbial Fe(III) reduction and solution chemistry in aggregation and settling of suspended particles in the Mississippi River Delta plain, Louisiana, USA
Deb P. Jaisi, Shanshan Ji, Hailiang Dong, Ruth E. Blake, Dennis D. Eberl, Jinwook Kim
2008, Clays and Clay Minerals (56) 416-428
River-dominated delta areas are primary sites of active biogeochemical cycling, with productivity enhanced by terrestrial inputs of nutrients. Particle aggregation in these areas primarily controls the deposition of suspended particles, yet factors that control particle aggregation and resulting sedimentation in these environments are poorly understood. This study was designed to...
Recent bright gully deposits on Mars: Wet or dry flow?
Jon D. Pelletier, Kelly J. Kolb, Alfred S. McEwen, Randolph L. Kirk
2008, Geology (36) 211-214
Bright gully sediments attributed to liquid water flow have been deposited on Mars within the past several years. To test the liquid water flow hypothesis, we constructed a high-resolution (1 m/pixel) photogrammetric digital elevation model of a crater in the Centauri Montes region, where a bright gully deposit formed between...
Concentrations and environmental fate of Ra in cation-exchange regeneration brine waste disposed to septic tanks and accumulation in sludge, New Jersey Coastal Plain, USA
Z. Szabo, E. Jacobsen, T. F. Kraemer, B. Parsa
2008, Journal of Environmental Radioactivity (99) 947-964
Concentrations of Ra in liquid and solid wastes generated from 15 softeners treating domestic well waters from New Jersey Coastal Plain aquifers (where combined Ra (226Ra plus 228Ra) concentrations commonly exceed 0.185 Bq L−1) were determined. Softeners, when maintained, reduced combined Ra about 10-fold (<0.024 Bq L−1). Combined...
Tracing ground water input to base flow using sulfate (S, O) isotopes
A. Gu, F. Gray, C.J. Eastoe, L.M. Norman, O. Duarte, A. Long
2008, Ground Water (46) 502-509
Sulfate (S and O) isotopes used in conjunction with sulfate concentration provide a tracer for ground water contributions to base flow. They are particularly useful in areas where rock sources of contrasting S isotope character are juxtaposed, where water chemistry or H and O isotopes fail to distinguish water sources,...
Diets of Lesser Scaup during spring migration throughout the upper-Midwest are consistent with the spring condition hypothesis
M.J. Anteau, A. D. Afton
2008, Waterbirds (31) 97-106
The spring condition hypothesis (SCH) states that the current decline of the North American scaup population (Lesser [Aythya affinis] and Greater Scaup [A. marila] combined) is due to a decline in quality or availability of scaup foods on wintering, spring migration, or breeding areas that has caused a reduction in...
Pathogen and chemical transport in the karst limestone of the Biscayne aquifer: 2. Chemical retention from diffusion and slow advection
Allen M. Shapiro, Robert A. Renken, Ronald W. Harvey, Michael R. Zygnerski, David W. Metge
2008, Water Resources Research (44)
A tracer experiment, using a nonreactive tracer, was conducted as part of an investigation of the potential for chemical and pathogen migration to public supply wells that draw groundwater from the highly transmissive karst limestone of the Biscayne aquifer in southeastern Florida. The tracer was injected into the formation over...
Wide-area estimates of stand structure and water use of tamarix spp. on the lower colorado river: Implications for restoration and water management projects
P.L. Nagler, E. P. Glenn, K. Didan, J. Osterberg, F. Jordan, J. Cunningham
2008, Restoration Ecology (16) 136-145
Tamarix spp. removal has been proposed to salvage water and allow native vegetation to recolonize western U.S. riparian corridors. We conducted wide-area studies on the Lower Colorado River to answer some of the scientific questions about Tamarix water use and the consequences of removal, combining ground surveys with remote sensing...
Chromium, chromium isotopes and selected trace elements, western Mojave Desert, USA
J. A. Izbicki, J.W. Ball, T.D. Bullen, S. J. Sutley
2008, Applied Geochemistry (23) 1325-1352
Chromium(VI) concentrations in excess of the California Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) of 50 μg/L occur naturally in alkaline, oxic ground-water in alluvial aquifers in the western Mojave Desert, southern California. The highest concentrations were measured in aquifers eroded from mafic rock, but Cr(VI)...
Occurrence and fate of pesticides in four contrasting agricultural settings in the United States
G. V. Steele, H.M. Johnson, Mark W. Sandstrom, P. D. Capel, J.E. Barbash
2008, Journal of Environmental Quality (37) 1116-1132
Occurrence and fate of 45 pesticides and 40 pesticide degradates were investigated in four contrasting agricultural settings—in Maryland, Nebraska, California, and Washington. Primary crops included corn at all sites, soybeans in Maryland, orchards in California and Washington, and vineyards in Washington. Pesticides and pesticide degradates detected in water samples from...
Longitudinal gradients along a reservoir cascade
L.E. Miranda, M.D. Habrat, S. Miyazono
2008, Transactions of the American Fisheries Society (137) 1851-1865
Reservoirs have traditionally been regarded as spatially independent entities rather than as longitudinal segments of a river system that are connected upstream and downstream to the river and other reservoirs. This view has frustrated advancement in reservoir science by impeding adequate organization of available information and by hindering interchanges with...
Source and transport controls on the movement of nitrate to public supply wells in selected principal aquifers of the United States
P.B. McMahon, J.K. Böhlke, L. J. Kauffman, K.L. Kipp, M.K. Landon, C. A. Crandall, K.R. Burow, C. J. Brown
2008, Water Resources Research (44)
In 2003–2005, systematic studies in four contrasting hydrogeologic settings were undertaken to improve understanding of source and transport controls on nitrate movement to public supply wells (PSW) in principal aquifers of the United States. Chemical, isotopic, and age tracer data show that agricultural fertilizers and urban septic leachate were the...
Influence of wind and lake morphometry on the interaction between two rivers entering a stratified lake
S. Morillo, J. Imberger, J.P. Antenucci, P. F. Woods
2008, Journal of Hydraulic Engineering (134) 1579-1589
The interaction of two rivers flowing into Coeur d’Alene Lake (United States) was investigated with a field experiment and three-dimensional numerical simulations. The focus was on the influence of basin morphology, wind speed, and wind direction on the fate and transport of the inflowing water. Data from...
Computing nonhydrostatic shallow-water flow over steep terrain
R.P. Denlinger, D. R. H. O’Connell
2008, Journal of Hydraulic Engineering (134) 1590-1602
Flood and dambreak hazards are not limited to moderate terrain, yet most shallow-water models assume that flow occurs over gentle slopes. Shallow-water flow over rugged or steep terrain often generates significant nonhydrostatic pressures, violating the assumption of hydrostatic pressure made in most shallow-water codes. In this paper,...
Deepwater demersal fish community collapse in Lake Huron
S.C. Riley, E.F. Roseman, S. J. Nichols, T. P. O’Brien, C.S. Kiley, J.S. Schaeffer
2008, Transactions of the American Fisheries Society (137) 1879-1890
Long-term fish community surveys were carried out in the Michigan waters of Lake Huron using bottom trawls from 1976 to 2006. Trends in abundance indices for common species (those caught in 10% or more of trawl tows) were estimated for two periods: early (1976-1991) and late (1994-2006). All common species...
A new method for synthesizing fluid inclusions in fused silica capillaries containing organic and inorganic material
I.-M. Chou, Y. Song, R.C. Burruss
2008, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (72) 5217-5231
Considerable advances in our understanding of physicochemical properties of geological fluids and their roles in many geological processes have been achieved by the use of synthetic fluid inclusions. We have developed a new method to synthesize fluid inclusions containing organic and inorganic material in fused silica capillary tubing. We have...
Contribution of sediment fluxes and transformations to the summer nitrogen budget of an Upper Mississippi River backwater system
W.F. James, W. B. Richardson, D.M. Soballe
2008, Hydrobiologia (598) 95-107
Routing nitrate through backwaters of regulated floodplain rivers to increase retention could decrease loading to nitrogen (N)-sensitive coastal regions. Sediment core determinations of N flux were combined with inflow-outflow fluxes to develop mass balance approximations of N uptake and transformations in a flow-controlled backwater of the Upper Mississippi River (USA)....
