Increasing streamflow and baseflow in Mississippi River since the 1940 s: Effect of land use change
Y.-K. Zhang, K. E. Schilling
2006, Journal of Hydrology (324) 412-422
A trend of increasing streamflow has been observed in the Mississippi River (MR) basin since the 1940 s as a result of increased precipitation. Herein we show that increasing MR flow is mainly in its baseflow as a result of land use change and accompanying agricultural activities that occurred in...
Photometric properties of Titan's surface from Cassini VIMS: Relevance to titan's hemispherical albedo dichotomy and surface stability
R.M. Nelson, R. H. Brown, B.W. Hapke, W. D. Smythe, L. Kamp, M.D. Boryta, F. Leader, K. H. Baines, G. Bellucci, J.-P. Bibring, B. J. Buratti, F. Capaccioni, P. Cerroni, R. N. Clark, M. Combes, A. Coradini, D. P. Cruikshank, P. Drossart, V. Formisano, R. Jaumann, Y. Langevin, D. L. Matson, T. B. McCord, V. Mennella, P. D. Nicholson, B. Sicardy, Christophe Sotin
2006, Planetary and Space Science (54) 1540-1551
The Visual and Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (VIMS) instrument on the Cassini Saturn Orbiter returned spectral imaging data as the spacecraft undertook six close encounters with Titan beginning 7 July, 2004. Three of these flybys each produced overlapping coverage of two distinct regions of Titan's surface. Twenty-four points were selected on...
Enabling scientific workflows in virtual reality
O. Kreylos, G. Bawden, T. Bernardin, M.I. Billen, E.S. Cowgill, R.D. Gold, B. Hamann, M. Jadamec, L.H. Kellogg, O.G. Staadt, D.Y. Sumner
2006, Conference Paper, Proceedings - VRCIA 2006ACM International Conference on Virtual Reality Continuum and its Applications
To advance research and improve the scientific return on data collection and interpretation efforts in the geosciences, we have developed methods of interactive visualization, with a special focus on immersive virtual reality (VR) environments. Earth sciences employ a strongly visual approach to the measurement and analysis of geologic data due...
Net carbon exchange across the Arctic tundra-boreal forest transition in Alaska 1981-2000
Catharine Copass Thompson, A. D. McGuire, Joy S. Clein, F. S. Chapin III, J. Beringer
2006, Conference Paper, Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change
Shifts in the carbon balance of high-latitude ecosystems could result from differential responses of vegetation and soil processes to changing moisture and temperature regimes and to a lengthening of the growing season. Although shrub expansion and northward movement of treeline should increase carbon inputs, the effects of these vegetation changes...
A water-budget approach to restoring a sedge fen affected by diking and ditching
Douglas A. Wilcox, Michael J. Sweat, Martha L. Carlson, Kurt P. Kowalski
2006, Journal of Hydrology (320) 501-517
A vast, ground-water-supported sedge fen in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan, USA was ditched in the early 1900s in a failed attempt to promote agriculture. Dikes were later constructed to impound seasonal sheet surface flows for waterfowl management. The US Fish and Wildlife Service, which now manages the wetland as...
Absolute calibration accuracy of L4 TM and L5 TM sensor image pairs
G. Chander, E. Micijevic
2006, Conference Paper, Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering
The Landsat suite of satellites has collected the longest continuous archive of multispectral data of any land-observing space program. From the Landsat program's inception in 1972 to the present, the Earth science user community has benefited from a historical record of remotely sensed data. However, little attention has been paid...
Slip on the San Andreas fault at Parkfield, California, over two earthquake cycles, and the implications for seismic hazard
J. Murray, J. Langbein
2006, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (96)
Parkfield, California, which experienced M 6.0 earthquakes in 1934, 1966, and 2004, is one of the few locales for which geodetic observations span multiple earthquake cycles. We undertake a comprehensive study of deformation over the most recent earthquake cycle and explore the results in the context of geodetic data collected...
Integration of the stratigraphic aspects of very large sea-floor databases using information processing
Clinton N. Jenkins, J. Flocks, M. Kulp
Rothwell R.G., editor(s)
2006, Geological Society Special Publication 229-240
Information-processing methods are described that integrate the stratigraphic aspects of large and diverse collections of sea-floor sample data. They efficiently convert common types of sea-floor data into database and GIS (geographical information system) tables, visual core logs, stratigraphic fence diagrams and sophisticated stratigraphic statistics. The input data are held in...
Fabricating data: How substituting values for nondetects can ruin results, and what can be done about it
D.R. Helsel
2006, Chemosphere (65) 2434-2439
The most commonly used method in environmental chemistry to deal with values below detection limits is to substitute a fraction of the detection limit for each nondetect. Two decades of research has shown that this fabrication of values produces poor estimates of statistics, and commonly obscures patterns and trends in...
Pathogens, nutritional deficiency, and climate influences on a declining moose population
D.L. Murray, E.W. Cox, W.B. Ballard, Heather A. Whitlaw, M.S. Lenarz, T. W. Custer, T. Barnett, T.K. Fuller
2006, Wildlife Monographs 1-30
Several potential proximate causes may be implicated in a recent (post-1984) decline in moose (Alces alces andersoni) numbers at their southern range periphery in northwest Minnesota, USA. These causes include deleterious effects of infectious pathogens, some of which are associated with white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus), negative effects of climate change,...
Comprehensive genetic analyses reveal evolutionary distinction of a mouse (Zapus hudsonius preblei) proposed for delisting from the US Endangered Species Act
Tim L. King, John F. Switzer, Cheryl L. Morrison, Michael S. Eackles, Colleen Young, Barbara A. Lubinski, Paul M. Cryan
2006, Molecular Ecology (15) 4331-4359
Zapus hudsonius preblei, listed as threatened under the US Endangered Species Act (ESA), is one of 12 recognized subspecies of meadow jumping mice found in North America. Recent morphometric and phylogenetic comparisons among Z. h. preblei and neighbouring conspecifics questioned the taxonomic status of selected subspecies, resulting in a proposal...
Isotope sourcing of prehistoric willow and tule textiles recovered from western Great Basin rock shelters and caves - proof of concept
L. V. Benson, E.M. Hattori, Howard E. Taylor, S.R. Poulson, E.A. Jolie
2006, Journal of Archaeological Science (33) 1588-1599
Isotope and trace-metal analyses were used to determine the origin of plants used to manufacture prehistoric textiles (basketry and matting) from archaeological sites in the western Great Basin. Research focused on strontium (87Sr/86Sr) and oxygen (18O/16O) isotope ratios of willow (Salix sp.) and tule (Schoenoplectus sp.), the dominant raw materials...
Parameterization and simulation of near bed orbital velocities under irregular waves in shallow water
B. Elfrink, D.M. Hanes, B.G. Ruessink
2006, Coastal Engineering (53) 915-927
A set of empirical formulations is derived that describe important wave properties in shallow water as functions of commonly used parameters such as wave height, wave period, local water depth and local bed slope. These wave properties include time varying near-bed orbital velocities and statistical properties such as the distribution...
Influence of potentially confounding factors on sea urchin porewater toxicity tests
R.S. Carr, J.M. Biedenbach, M. Nipper
2006, Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology (51) 573-579
The influence of potentially confounding factors has been identified as a concern for interpreting sea urchin porewater toxicity test data. The results from >40 sediment-quality assessment surveys using early-life stages of the sea urchin Arbacia punctulata were compiled and examined to determine acceptable ranges of natural variables such as pH,...
Evidence for wing molt and breeding site fidelity in King Eiders
Laura M. Phillips, A.N. Powell
2006, Waterbirds (29) 148-153
Fidelity of King Eiders (Somateria spectabilis) to breeding and wing molt sites was examined using satellite telemetry data obtained opportunistically when battery life of transmitters provided locations in a second year. Consecutive breeding locations were obtained for eleven female and 23 male King Eiders. All females exhibited breeding site fidelity...
Imaging the transition from Aleutian subduction to Yakutat collision in central Alaska, with local earthquakes and active source data
D. Eberhart-Phillips, D.H. Christensen, T.M. Brocher, R. Hansen, N.A. Ruppert, Peter J. Haeussler, G.A. Abers
2006, Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth (111)
In southern and central Alaska the subduction and active volcanism of the Aleutian subduction zone give way to a broad plate boundary zone with mountain building and strike-slip faulting, where the Yakutat terrane joins the subducting Pacific plate. The interplay of these tectonic elements can be best understood by considering...
Prediction and discovery of new geothermal resources in the Great Basin: Multiple evidence of a large undiscovered resource base
M.F. Coolbaugh, G. L. Raines, R. E. Zehner, L. Shevenell, C.F. Williams
2006, Conference Paper, Transactions - Geothermal Resources Council
Geothermal potential maps by themselves cannot directly be used to estimate undiscovered resources. To address the undiscovered resource base in the Great Basin, a new and relatively quantitative methodology is presented. The methodology involves three steps, the first being the construction of a data-driven probabilistic model of the location of...
Health benefits of geologic materials and geologic processes
R. B. Finkelman
2006, International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (3) 338-342
The reemerging field of Medical Geology is concerned with the impacts of geologic materials and geologic processes on animal and human health. Most medical geology research has been focused on health problems caused by excess or deficiency of trace elements, exposure to ambient dust, and on other geologically related health...
Applications of GIS and database technologies to manage a Karst Feature Database
Y. Gao, R.G. Tipping, E.C. Alexander Jr.
2006, Journal of Cave and Karst Studies (68) 144-152
This paper describes the management of a Karst Feature Database (KFD) in Minnesota. Two sets of applications in both GIS and Database Management System (DBMS) have been developed for the KFD of Minnesota. These applications were used to manage and to enhance the usability of the KFD. Structured Query Language...
Glacial modification of granite tors in the Cairngorms, Scotland
A.M. Hall, W.M. Phillips
2006, Journal of Quaternary Science (21) 811-830
A range of evidence indicates that many granite tors in the Cairngorms have been modified by the flow of glacier ice during the Pleistocene. Comparisons with SW England and the use of a space-time transformation across 38 tor groups in the Cairngorms allow a model to be developed for progressive...
Variables influencing the presence of subyearling fall Chinook salmon in shoreline habitats of the Hanford Reach, Columbia River
K.F. Tiffan, L.O. Clark, R.D. Garland, D.W. Rondorf
2006, North American Journal of Fisheries Management (26) 351-360
Little information currently exists on habitat use by subyearling fall Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha rearing in large, main-stem habitats. We collected habitat use information on subyearlings in the Hanford Reach of the Columbia River during May 1994 and April-May 1995 using point abundance electrofishing. We analyzed measures of physical habitat...
Wetland and microhabitat use by nesting four-toed salamanders in Maine
R.J. Chalmers, C.S. Loftin
2006, Journal of Herpetology (40) 478-485
Little is known of Four-Toed Salamander (Hemidactylium scutatum) habitat use, despite the species' extensive range and elevated conservation status. We investigated species-habitat relationships that predict H. scutatum nesting presence in Maine at wetland and microhabitat scales by comparing microhabitats with and without nests. We created logistic regression models, selected models...
Three-dimensional compressional wavespeed model, earthquake relocations, and focal mechanisms for the Parkfield, California, region
C. Thurber, H. Zhang, F. Waldhauser, J. Hardebeck, A. Michael, D. Eberhart-Phillips
2006, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (96)
We present a new three-dimensional (3D) compressional vvavespeed (V p) model for the Parkfield region, taking advantage of the recent seismicity associated with the 2003 San Simeon and 2004 Parkfield earthquake sequences to provide increased model resolution compared to the work of Eberhart-Phillips and Michael (1993) (EPM93). Taking the EPM93...
Evaluating minerals of environmental concern using spectroscopy
G.A. Swayze, R. N. Clark, C.T. Higgins, R.F. Kokaly, K. Eric Livo, T.M. Hoefen, C. Ong, F.A. Kruse
2006, Conference Paper, International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS)
Imaging spectroscopy has been successfully used to aid researchers in characterizing potential environmental impacts posed by acid-rock drainage, ore-processing dust on mangroves, and asbestos in serpentine mineral deposits and urban dust. Many of these applications synergistically combine field spectroscopy with remote sensing data, thus allowing more-precise data calibration, spectral analysis...
Development of the performance confirmation program at YUCCA mountain, nevada
G.D. LeCain, D. Barr, D. Weaver, R. Snell, S.W. Goodin, F.D. Hansen
2006, Conference Paper, Proceedings of the 11th International High Level Radioactive Waste Management Conference, IHLRWM
The Yucca Mountain Performance Confirmation program consists of tests, monitoring activities, experiments, and analyses to evaluate the adequacy of assumptions, data, and analyses that form the basis of the conceptual and numerical models of flow and transport associated with a proposed radioactive waste repository at Yucca Mountain, Nevada. The Performance...
