Stress distribution along the Fairweather-Queen Charlotte transform fault system
C. G. Bufe
2005, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (95) 2001-2008
Tectonic loading and Coulomb stress transfer are modeled along the right-lateral Fairweather-Queen Charlotte transform fault system using a threedimensional boundary element program. The loading model includes slip below 12 km along the transform as well as motion of the Pacific plate, and it is consistent with most available Global Positioning...
Delineating priority habitat areas for the conservation of Andean bears in northern Ecuador
M.F. Peralvo, F. Cuesta, F. Van Manen
2005, Ursus (16) 222-233
We sought to identify priority areas for the conservation of Andean bear (Tremarctos ornatus) habitat in the northern portion of the eastern Andean cordillera in Ecuador. The study area included pa??ramo and montane forest habitats within the Antisana and Cayambe-Coca ecological reserves, and unprotected areas north of these reserves with...
Percolation and transport in a sandy soil under a natural hydraulic gradient
Christopher T. Green, David A. Stonestrom, Barbara A. Bekins, Katherine C. Akstin, Marjorie S. Schulz
2005, Water Resources Research (41)
Unsaturated flow and transport under a natural hydraulic gradient in a Mediterranean climate were investigated with a field tracer experiment combined with laboratory analyses and numerical modeling. Bromide was applied to the surface of a sandy soil during the dry season. During the subsequent rainy season, repeated sediment sampling tracked...
Skeletal morphology of the forefoot in shrews (Mammalia: Soricidae) of the genus Cryptotis, as revealed by digital x-rays
N. Woodman, J.J.P. Morgan
2005, Journal of Morphology (266) 60-73
Variation in the forefoot skeleton of small-eared shrews (family Soricidae, genus Cryptotis) has been previously documented, but the paucity of available skeletons for most taxa makes assessment of the degrees of intraspecific and interspecific variation difficult. We used a digital X-ray system to extract images of the forefoot skeleton from...
Regulation of sand transport in the Colorado River by changes in the surface grain size of eddy sandbars over multi-year timescales
D.J. Topping, D. M. Rubin, J. C. Schmidt
2005, Sedimentology (52) 1133-1153
In settings where the transport of sand is partially or fully supply limited, changes in the upstream supply of sand are coupled to changes in the grain size of sand on the bed. In this manner, the transport of sand under the supply-limited case is 'grain-size regulated'. Since the closure...
The GIS weasel - An interface for the development of spatial information in modeling
Roland J. Viger, S.M. Markstrom, G.H. Leavesley
Moglen G.E., editor(s)
2005, Conference Paper, Proceedings of the 2005 Watershed Management Conference - Managing Watersheds for Human and Natural Impacts: Engineering, Ecological, and Economic Challenges
The GIS Weasel is a map and Graphical User Interface (GUI) driven tool that has been developed as an aid to modelers in the delineation, characterization of geographic features, and their parameterization for use in distributed or lumped parameter physical process models. The interface does not require user expertise in...
Biotic interactions as determinants of ecosystem structure in prairie wetlands: An example using fish
M.A. Hanson, K.D. Zimmer, Malcolm G. Butler, B.A. Tangen, B.R. Herwig, N.H. Euliss Jr.
2005, Wetlands (25) 764-775
Wetlands are abundant throughout the prairie pothole region (PPR), an area comprising over 700,000 km2 in central North America. Prairie wetland communities are strongly influenced by regional physiography and climate, resulting in extreme spatial and temporal variability relative to other aquatic ecosystems. Given the strong influence of abiotic factors, PPR...
Combined use of 15N and 18O of nitrate and 11B to evaluate nitrate contamination in groundwater
R. L. Seiler
2005, Applied Geochemistry (20) 1626-1636
Isotopic composition of NO3 (??15NNO3 and ??18ONO3) and B (??11B) were used to evaluate NO3 contamination and identify geochemical processes occurring in a hydrologically complex Basin and Range valley in northern Nevada with multiple potential sources of NO3. Combined use of these isotopes may be a useful tool in identifying...
Use of XML and Java for collaborative petroleum reservoir modeling on the Internet
J. Victorine, W.L. Watney, S. Bhattacharya
2005, Computers & Geosciences (31) 1151-1164
The GEMINI (Geo-Engineering Modeling through INternet Informatics) is a public-domain, web-based freeware that is made up of an integrated suite of 14 Java-based software tools to accomplish on-line, real-time geologic and engineering reservoir modeling. GEMINI facilitates distant collaborations for small company and academic clients, negotiating analyses of both single and...
A predictive penetrative fracture mapping method from regional potential field and geologic datasets, southwest Colorado Plateau, U.S.A.
Mark E. Gettings, Mark Bultman
2005, Earth, Planets and Space (57) 701-715
Some aquifers of the southwest Colorado Plateau, U.S.A., are deeply buried and overlain by several impermeable units, and thus recharge to the aquifer is probably mainly by seepage down penetrative fracture systems. This purpose of this study was to develop a method to map the location of candidate deep penetrative...
Determinants of woody cover in African savannas
M. Sankaran, N.P. Hanan, Robert J. Scholes, J. Ratnam, D.J. Augustine, B.S. Cade, J. Gignoux, S.I. Higgins, Roux X. Le, F. Ludwig, J. Ardo, F. Banyikwa, A. Bronn, G. Bucini, K.K. Caylor, M.B. Coughenour, A. Diouf, W. Ekaya, C.J. Feral, E.C. February, P.G.H. Frost, P. Hiernaux, H. Hrabar, K.L. Metzger, H.H.T. Prins, S. Ringrose, W. Sea, J. Tews, J. Worden, N. Zambatis
2005, Nature (438) 846-849
Savannas are globally important ecosystems of great significance to human economies. In these biomes, which are characterized by the co-dominance of trees and grasses, woody cover is a chief determinant of ecosystem properties 1-3. The availability of resources (water, nutrients) and disturbance regimes (fire, herbivory) are thought to be important...
Bulk sediment Qp and Qs in the Mississippi embayment, central United States
C.A. Langston, P. Bodin, C. Powell, M. Withers, S. Horton, Walter D. Mooney
2005, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (95) 2162-2179
We have estimated P-wave and S-wave anelastic attenuation coefficients for the thick, unconsolidated sediments of the Mississippi embayment, central United States, using the spectral distance decay of explosion P and Rayleigh waves. The sediment-trapped P wave, Psed, is observed to ranges of 80 km at 10 Hz, and 1-Hz Rayleigh waves are observed out to 130 km...
Data collection and documentation of flooding downstream of a dam failure in Mississippi
K. Van Wilson Jr.
Moglen G.E., editor(s)
2005, Conference Paper, Proceedings of the 2005 Watershed Management Conference - Managing Watersheds for Human and Natural Impacts: Engineering, Ecological, and Economic Challenges
On March 12, 2004, the Big Bay Lake dam failed, releasing water and affecting lives and property downstream in southern Mississippi. The dam is located near Purvis, Mississippi, on Bay Creek, which flows into Lower Little Creek about 1.9 miles downstream from the dam. Lower Little Creek flows into Pearl...
Volcanic-ash hazard to aviation during the 2003-2004 eruptive activity of Anatahan volcano, Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands
M. Guffanti, J.W. Ewert, G.M. Gallina, G.J.S. Bluth, G.L. Swanson
2005, Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research (146) 241-255
Within the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (CNMI), Anatahan is one of nine active subaerial volcanoes that pose hazards to major air-traffic routes from airborne volcanic ash. The 2003-2004 eruptive activity of Anatahan volcano affected the region's aviation operations for 3 days in May 2003. On the first day...
Site characterization in densely fractured dolomite: Comparison of methods
M. Muldoon, K. R. Bradbury
2005, Ground Water (43) 863-876
One of the challenges in characterizing fractured-rock aquifers is determining whether the equivalent porous medium approximation is valid at the problem scale. Detailed hydrogeologic characterization completed at a small study site in a densely fractured dolomite has yielded an extensive data set that was used to evaluate the utility of...
Multispectral imaging contributions to global land ice measurements from space
J.S. Kargel, M. J. Abrams, M.P. Bishop, A. Bush, G. Hamilton, H. Jiskoot, Andreas Kaab, H. H. Kieffer, E.M. Lee, F. Paul, F. Rau, B. Raup, J.F. Shroder, D. Soltesz, D. Stainforth, L. Stearns, R. Wessels
2005, Remote Sensing of Environment (99) 187-219
Global Land Ice Measurements from Space (GLIMS) is an international consortium established to acquire satellite images of the world's glaciers, analyse them for glacier extent and changes, and assess change data for causes and implications for people and the environment. Although GLIMS is making use of multiple remote-sensing systems, ASTER...
Assessing water source and channel type as factors affecting benthic macroinvertebrate and periphyton assemblages in the highly urbanized Santa Ana River Basin, California
Carmen A. Burton, Larry R. Brown, Kenneth Belitz
2005, American Fisheries Society Symposium (2005) 239-262
The Santa Ana River basin is the largest stream system in Southern California and includes a densely populated coastal area. Extensive urbanization has altered the geomorphology and hydrology of the streams, adversely affecting aquatic communities. We studied macroinvertebrate and periphyton assemblages in relation to two categorical features of the highly...
Net alkalinity and net acidity 2: Practical considerations
C.S. Kirby, C.A. Cravotta III
2005, Applied Geochemistry (20) 1941-1964
The pH, alkalinity, and acidity of mine drainage and associated waters can be misinterpreted because of the chemical instability of samples and possible misunderstandings of standard analytical method results. Synthetic and field samples of mine drainage having various initial pH values and concentrations of dissolved metals and alkalinity were titrated...
Stream pH as an abiotic gradient influencing distributions of trout in Pennsylvania streams
P.M. Kocovsky, R.F. Carline
2005, Transactions of the American Fisheries Society (134) 1299-1312
Elevation and stream slope are abiotic gradients that limit upstream distributions of brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis and brown trout Salmo trutta in streams. We sought to determine whether another abiotic gradient, base-flow pH, may also affect distributions of these two species in eastern North America streams. We used historical data...
Distribution and abundance of nonnative fishes in streams of the western United States
C.B. Schade, Scott A. Bonar
2005, North American Journal of Fisheries Management (25) 1386-1394
This report presents data from one of the largest standardized stream surveys conducted in he western United States, which shows that one of every four individual fish in streams of 12 western states are nonnative. The states surveyed included Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, North Dakota, Oregon, South Dakota,...
Use of soil moisture probes to estimate ground water recharge at an oil spill site
G. N. Delin, W.N. Herkelrath
2005, Journal of the American Water Resources Association (41) 1259-1277
Soil moisture data collected using an automated data logging system were used to estimate ground water recharge at a crude oil spill research site near Bemidji, Minnesota. Three different soil moisture probes were tested in the laboratory as well as the field conditions of limited power...
Insider censoring: Distortion of data with nondetects
D.R. Helsel
2005, Human and Ecological Risk Assessment (11) 1127-1137
Environmental data often include low-level concentrations below reporting limits. These data may be reported as "<RL," where RL is one of several types of reporting limits. Some values also may be reported as a single number, but flagged with a qualifier (J-values) to indicate a difference in precision as compared...
Landsat-4 and Landsat-5 thematic mapper band 6 historical performance and calibration
J. A. Barsi, G. Chander, B. L. Markham, N. Higgs
Butler J.J., editor(s)
2005, Conference Paper, Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering
Launched in 1982 and 1984 respectively, the Landsat-4 and -5 Thematic Mappers (TM) are the backbone of an extensive archive of moderate resolution Earth imagery. However, these sensors and their data products were not subjected to the type of intensive monitoring that has been part of the Landsat-7 system since...
Using fish biomarkers to monitor improvements in environmental quality
D.E. Facey, V. S. Blazer, M.M. Gasper, C.L. Turcotte
2005, Journal of Aquatic Animal Health (17) 263-266
The percentage of splenic tissue occupied by macrophage aggregates and hepatosomatic index (HSI) were evaluated in rock bass Ambloplites rupestris from Burlington Harbor, Vermont. In 1992, fish collected from the inner Burlington Harbor area had a significantly greater percentage of splenic tissue occupied by macrophage aggregates and greater HSI than...
Stakeholder survey results for Lake Umbagog National Wildlife Refuge: Completion report
Natalie R. Sexton, Susan C. Stewart, Lynne Koontz, Katherine D. Wundrock
2005, Open-File Report 2005-1378
Lake Umbagog is a newly established Refuge (in 1993) with an increasing visitation. Current visitation numbers are around 55,000 visits/year. Though limited visitor services are currently offered, additional services will be proposed in the CCP. The purpose of this survey is to assess interested publics' and stakeholders' satisfaction with existing...
