Palynology in coal systems analysis-The key to floras, climate, and stratigraphy of coal-forming environments
D. J. Nichols
2005, Special Paper of the Geological Society of America 51-58
Palynology can be effectively used in coal systems analysis to understand the nature of ancient coal-forming peat mires. Pollen and spores preserved in coal effectively reveal the floristic composition of mires, which differed substantially through geologic time, and contribute to determination of depositional environment and paleo- climate. Such applications are...
Behavior of a chlorinated ethene plume following source-area treatment with Fenton's reagent
F. H. Chapelle, P. M. Bradley, C.C. Casey
2005, Ground Water Monitoring and Remediation (25) 131-141
Monitoring data collected over a 6‐year period show that a plume of chlorinated ethene–contaminated ground water has contracted significantly following treatment of the contaminant source area using in situ oxidation. Prior to treatment (1998), concentrations of perchloroethene (PCE) exceeded 4500 μg/L in a contaminant source area associated with a municipal...
Timing and development of the Heise volcanic field, Snake River Plain, Idaho, western USA
L. A. Morgan, W. C. McIntosh
2005, Geological Society of America Bulletin (117) 288-306
The Snake River Plain (SRP) developed over the last 16 Ma as a bimodal volcanic province in response to the southwest movement of the North American plate over a fixed melting anomaly. Volcanism along the SRP is dominated by eruptions of explosive high-silica rhyolites and represents some of the largest...
A simple and effective radiometric correction method to improve landscape change detection across sensors and across time
X. Chen, Lee Vierling, D. Deering
2005, Remote Sensing of Environment (98) 63-79
Satellite data offer unrivaled utility in monitoring and quantifying large scale land cover change over time. Radiometric consistency among collocated multi-temporal imagery is difficult to maintain, however, due to variations in sensor characteristics, atmospheric conditions, solar angle, and sensor view angle that can obscure surface change detection. To detect accurate...
Rural cases of equine West Nile virus encephalomyelitis and the normalized difference vegetation index
M.P. Ward, B.H. Ramsay, K. Gallo
2005, Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases (5) 181-188
Data from an outbreak (August to October, 2002) of West Nile virus (WNV) encephalomyelitis in a population of horses located in northern Indiana was scanned for clusters in time and space. One significant (p = 0.04) cluster of case premises was detected, occurring between September 4 and 10 in the...
Population status of Kittlitz's Murrelet Brachyramphus brevirostris along the southern coast of the Alaska Peninsula
Thomas I. van Pelt, John F. Piatt
2005, Report
The Kittlitz's murrelet (Brachyramphus brevirostris) is a rare seabird that nests in alpine terrain and generally forages near tidewater glaciers during the breeding season. An estimated 95% of the global population breeds in Alaska, with some unknown proportion breeding in the Russian Far East. A global population estimate using bestavailable...
Supergene destruction of a hydrothermal replacement alunite deposit at Big Rock Candy Mountain, Utah: Mineralogy, spectroscopic remote sensing, stable-isotope, and argon-age evidences
Charles G. Cunningham, Robert O. Rye, Barnaby W. Rockwell, Michael J. Kunk, Terry B. Councell
2005, Chemical Geology (215) 317-337
Big Rock Candy Mountain is a prominent center of variegated altered volcanic rocks in west-central Utah. It consists of the eroded remnants of a hypogene alunite deposit that, at ∼21 Ma, replaced intermediate-composition lava flows. The alunite formed in steam-heated conditions above the upwelling limb of a convection cell that...
Estimating contaminant loads in rivers: An application of adjusted maximum likelihood to type 1 censored data
Timothy A. Cohn
2005, Water Resources Research (41)
This paper presents an adjusted maximum likelihood estimator (AMLE) that can be used to estimate fluvial transport of contaminants, like phosphorus, that are subject to censoring because of analytical detection limits. The AMLE is a generalization of the widely accepted minimum variance unbiased estimator (MVUE), and Monte Carlo experiments confirm...
Numerical simulation of double‐diffusive finger convection
Joseph D. Hughes, Ward E. Sanford, H. Leonard Vacher
2005, Water Resources Research (41)
A hybrid finite element, integrated finite difference numerical model is developed for the simulation of double‐diffusive and multicomponent flow in two and three dimensions. The model is based on a multidimensional, density‐dependent, saturated‐unsaturated transport model (SUTRA), which uses one governing equation for fluid flow and another for solute transport. The...
Geochemical and C, O, Sr, and U-series isotopic evidence for the meteoric origin of calcrete at Solitario Wash, Crater Flat, Nevada, USA
L.A. Neymark, J.B. Paces, B.D. Marshall, Z. E. Peterman, J. F. Whelan
2005, Environmental Geology (48) 450-465
Calcite-rich soils (calcrete) in alluvium and colluvium at Solitario Wash, Crater Flat, Nevada, USA, contain pedogenic calcite and opaline silica similar to soils present elsewhere in the semi-arid southwestern United States. Nevertheless, a ground-water discharge origin for the Solitario Wash soil deposits was proposed in a series of publications proposing...
Ranking the risk of wildlife species hazardous to military aircraft
E. J. Zakrajsek, John A. Bissonette
2005, Wildlife Society Bulletin (33) 258-264
Collisions between birds and aircraft (birdstrikes) pose a major threat to aviation safety. Different species pose different levels of threat; thus, identification of the most hazardous species can help managers identify the level of hazard and prioritize mitigation efforts. Dolbeer et al. (2000) assessed the hazard posed by birds to...
Assessments of urban growth in the Tampa Bay watershed using remote sensing data
G. Xian, M. Crane
2005, Remote Sensing of Environment (97) 203-215
Urban development has expanded rapidly in the Tampa Bay area of west-central Florida over the past century. A major effect associated with this population trend is transformation of the landscape from natural cover types to increasingly impervious urban land. This research utilizes an innovative approach for mapping urban extent and...
Estimating changes in heat energy stored within a column of wetland surface water and factors controlling their importance in the surface energy budget
W. Barclay Shoemaker, David M. Sumner, Adrian Castillo
2005, Water Resources Research (41)
Changes in heat energy stored within a column of wetland surface water can be a considerable component of the surface energy budget, an attribute that is demonstrated by comparing changes in stored heat energy to net radiation at seven sites in the wetland areas of southern Florida, including the Everglades....
River nutrient loads and catchment size
S. V. Smith, D.P. Swaney, R. W. Buddemeier, M.R. Scarsbrook, M.A. Weatherhead, Christoph Humborg, H. Eriksson, F. Hannerz
2005, Biogeochemistry (75) 83-107
We have used a total of 496 sample sites to calibrate a simple regression model for calculating dissolved inorganic nutrient fluxes via runoff to the ocean. The regression uses the logarithms of runoff and human population as the independent variables and estimates the logarithms of dissolved inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus...
Population structure of the African Clawed Frog (Xenopus laevis) in maize-growing areas with atrazine application versus non-maize-growing areas in South Africa
L.H. Du Preez, K.R. Solomon, J.A. Carr, J. P. Giesy, T. S. Gross, R.J. Kendall, E.E. Smith, G. L. Van Der Kraak, C. Weldon
2005, African Journal of Herpetology (54) 61-68
The herbicide atrazine has been suggested to cause gonadal deformities in frogs and could possibly impact on reproduction. Since the early 1960s, atrazine has been used in large amounts in maize production areas of South Africa. These areas overlap with populations of the African Clawed Frog (Xenopus laevis) that has...
Role of reservoir engineering in the assessment of undiscovered oil and gas resources in the National Petroleum Reserve, Alaska
M.K. Verma, K. J. Bird
2005, American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin (89) 1091-1111
The geology and reservoir-engineering data were integrated in the 2002 U.S. Geological Survey assessment of the National Petroleum Reserve in Alaska (NPRA). VVhereas geology defined the analog pools and fields and provided the basic information on sizes and numbers of hypothesized petroleum accumulations, reservoir engineering helped develop necessary equations and...
Mapping NEHRP VS30 site classes
T.L. Holzer, A.C. Padovani, M.J. Bennett, T.E. Noce, J. C. Tinsley III
2005, Earthquake Spectra (21) 353-370
Site-amplification potential in a 140-km2 area on the eastern shore of San Francisco Bay, California, was mapped with data from 210 seismic cone penetration test (SCPT) soundings. NEHRP VS30 values were computed on a 50-m grid by both taking into account the thickness and using mean values of locally measured...
Watershed-based survey designs
N.E. Detenbeck, D. Cincotta, J. M. Denver, S.K. Greenlee, A.R. Olsen, A.M. Pitchford
2005, Environmental Monitoring and Assessment (103) 59-81
Watershed-based sampling design and assessment tools help serve the multiple goals for water quality monitoring required under the Clean Water Act, including assessment of regional conditions to meet Section 305(b), identification of impaired water bodies or watersheds to meet Section 303(d), and development of empirical relationships between causes or sources...
Solute transport and storage mechanisms in wetlands of the Everglades, south Florida
Judson W. Harvey, James E. Saiers, Jessica T. Newlin
2005, Water Resources Research (41)
Solute transport and storage processes in wetlands play an important role in biogeochemical cycling and in wetland water quality functions. In the wetlands of the Everglades, there are few data or guidelines to characterize transport through the heterogeneous flow environment. Our goal was to conduct a tracer study to help...
Contaminants as viral cofactors: assessing indirect population effects
Katherine R. Springman, Gael Kurath, James J. Anderson, John M. Emlen
2005, Aquatic Toxicology (71) 13-23
Current toxicological methods often miss contaminant effects, particularly when immune suppression is involved. The failure to recognize and evaluate indirect and sublethal effects severely limits the applicability of those methods at the population level. In this study, the Vitality model is used to evaluate the population level effects of a...
Implications of ground water chemistry and flow patterns for earthquake studies
W. Guangcai, Z. Zuochen, W. Min, C.A. Cravotta III, L. Chenglong
2005, Ground Water (43) 478-484
Ground water can facilitate earthquake development and respond physically and chemically to tectonism. Thus, an understanding of ground water circulation in seismically active regions is important for earthquake prediction. To investigate the roles of ground water in the development and prediction of earthquakes, geological and hydrogeological monitoring was conducted in...
Movement patterns of rural and suburban white-tailed deer in Massachusetts
C.R. Gaughan, S. DeStefano
2005, Urban Ecosystems (8) 191-202
We used satellite land cover data and the program FRAGSTATS toquantify land cover types and calculate the amount of forest edge available in suburban and rural regions of northeastern and northwestern Massachusetts. Cover categories included forest cover, open canopy vegetation, and non-deer habitat. We calculated all edge segments where forest...
Origin of secondary sulfate minerals on active andesitic stratovolcanoes
D. R. Zimbelman, R. O. Rye, G. N. Breit
2005, Chemical Geology (215) 37-60
Sulfate minerals in altered rocks on the upper flanks and summits of active andesitic stratovolcanoes result from multiple processes. The origin of these sulfates at five active volcanoes, Citlalte??petl (Mexico), and Mount Adams, Hood, Rainier, and Shasta (Cascade Range, USA), was investigated using field observations, petrography, mineralogy, chemical modeling, and...
Distribution patterns of mercury in Lakes and Rivers of northeastern North America
Ian F. Dennis, Thomas A. Clair, Charles T. Driscoll, Neil Kamman, Ann T. Chalmers, Jamie Shanley, Stephen A. Norton, Steve Kahl
2005, Ecotoxicology (14) 113-123
We assembled 831 data points for total mercury (Hgt) and 277 overlapping points for methyl mercury (CH3Hg+) in surface waters from Massachussetts, USA to the Island of Newfoundland, Canada from State, Provincial, and Federal government databases. These geographically indexed values were used to determine: (a) if large-scale spatial distribution patterns...
Broad-scale predictors of canada lynx occurrence in eastern North America
C.L. Hoving, D.J. Harrison, W.B. Krohn, R.A. Joseph, M. O'Brien
2005, Journal of Wildlife Management (69) 739-751
The Canada lynx (Lynx canadensis) is listed as a threatened species throughout the southern extent of its geographic range in the United States. Most research on lynx has been conducted in the western United States and Canada; little is known about the ecology of lynx in eastern North America. To...
