Skip Links

USGS - science for a changing world

Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5105


Modeling Hydrodynamics, Water Temperature, and Water Quality in the Klamath River Upstream of Keno Dam, Oregon, 2006–09


References Cited


American Society of Civil Engineers, 2000, Hydraulic modeling: Concepts and practice: ASCE Manuals and Reports in Engineering, 390 p.


Auer, B., Elzer, U., and Arndt, H., 2004, Comparison of pelagic food webs in lakes along a trophic gradient and with seasonal aspects: Influence of resource and predation: Journal of Plankton Research, v. 26, no. 26, p. 679–709.


Boers, P., Van Ballegooijen, L.V., and Uunk, J., 1991, Changes in phosphorus cycling in a shallow lake due to food web manipulations: Freshwater Biology, v. 25, p. 9–20.


Bradbury, J.P., Colman, S.M., and Reynolds, R.L., 2004, The history of recent limnological changes and human impact on Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon: Journal of Paleolimnology, 
v. 31, p. 151–165.


Canuel, E.A., and Martens, C.S., 1996, Reactivity of recently deposited organic matter: Degradation of lipid compounds near the sediment-water interface: Geochimica et Cosmochimia Acta, v. 60, p. 1793–1806.


CH2M-Hill and Wells, S.A., 1995, Water quality model of the Klamath River between Link River and Keno Dam—Draft report for the Oregon Department of Environmental Quality: Portland, Oregon [variously paged], accessed May 20, 2011, at http://or.water.usgs.gov/proj/keno_reach/download/CH2MHill_Wells_1995_draft.pdf.


Cole, T.M., and Wells, S.A., 2008, CE-QUAL-W2—A two-dimensional, laterally averaged, hydrodynamic and water-quality model, version 3.6: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Instruction Report EL-08-1, [variously paged].


De Nobel, W.T., Matthijs, H.C.P., von Elert, E., and Mur, L.R., 1998, Comparison of the light-limited growth of the nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria Anabaena and Aphanizomenon: New Phytologist, v. 138, no. 4, p. 579-587.


Deas, M.L., and Vaughn, J., 2006, Characterization of organic matter fate and transport in the Klamath River below Link Dam to assess treatment/reduction potential—Prepared for the Bureau of Reclamation, Klamath Area Office, September 30, 2006: Davis, California, Watercourse Engineering, Inc., 167 p.


Deas, M.L., and Vaughn, J., 2011, Keno Reservoir particulate study 2008—Technical memorandum, Prepared for the Bureau of Reclamation, Klamath Basin Area Office, April 2011: Davis, California, Watercourse Engineering, Inc., 38 p.


Deas, M.L., Vaughn, J., and Tanaka, S., 2009, Exploratory assessment of stable isotopes in the Klamath River—Technical memorandum, Prepared for PacifiCorp: Davis, California, Watercourse Engineering, Inc., 10 p.


Doherty, J., 2010, PEST: Model—Independent parameter estimation, user manual (5th ed.): Brisbane, Australia, Watermark Numerical Computing, 336 p.


Doyle, M.C., and Lynch, D.D., 2005, Sediment oxygen demand in Lake Ewauna and the Klamath River, Oregon, June 2003: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2005–5228, 14 p. (Also available at http://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2005/5228/pdf/sir2005-5228.pdf.)


Dunsmoor, L.K., and Huntington, C.W., 2006, Suitability of environmental conditions within Upper Klamath Lake and the migratory corridor downstream for use by anadromous salmonids—Technical memorandum to the Klamath Tribes, October 2006: Chiloquin, Oregon, 80 p.


Eilers, J.M., and Gubala, C.P., 2003, Bathymetry and sediment classification of the Klamath hydropower project impoundments—Prepared for PacifiCorp: Bend, Oregon, J.C. Headwaters, Inc., 39 p., accessed on May 17, 2011, at http://www.pacificorp.com/content/dam/pacificorp/doc/Energy_Sources/Hydro/Hydro_Licensing/Klamath_River/Bathymetry_and_Sediment_Classification_Report_Final_April_2003.pdf.


Eilers, J.M., Kann, J., Cornett, J., Moser, K., and St. Amand, A., 2003, Paleolimnological evidence of change in a shallow hypereutrophic lake—Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon, USA: Hydrobiologia, v. 520, p. 7–18.


Eilers, J.M., and Raymond, R., 2003, Sediment oxygen demand and nutrient release from sites in the Klamath Hydropower Project—A report to PacifiCorp: Bend, Oregon, J.C. Headwaters, Inc., 63 p.


Eilers, J.M., and Raymond, R., 2005, Sediment oxygen demand in selected sites of the Lost River and Klamath River—Prepared for Tetra Tech: Bend, Oregon, MaxDepth Aquatics, Inc., 17 p., accessed on May 17, 2011, at http://www.deq.state.or.us/wq/tmdls/docs/klamathbasin/uklost/KlamathLostAppendixE.pdf.


Gannett, M.W., Lite, K.E. Jr., La Marche, J.L., Fisher, B.J., and Polette, D.J., 2007, Ground-water hydrology of the upper Klamath Basin, Oregon and California: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2007–5050, 84 p. (Also available at http://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2007/5050/.)


Hem, J.D., 1985, Study and interpretation of the chemical characteristics of natural water: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 2254, 263 p. (Also available at http://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/wsp2254/.)


Hendrickson, J., Trahan, N., Gordon, E., and Ouyang, Y., 2007, Estimating relevance of organic carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus loads to a Blackwater River estuary: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 43, no. 1, p. 264–279.


Idso, S.B., and Gilbert, R.G., 1974, On the universality of the Poole and Atkins Secchi disk-light extinction equation: Journal of Applied Ecology, v. 11, p. 399–401.


Ji, Z-G., and Jin, K-R., 2006, Gyres and seiches in a large and shallow lake: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 32, 
p. 764–775.


Latja, R., and Salonen, K., 1978, Carbon analysis for the determination of individual biomass of planktonic animals: Verhandlungen der Internationalen Vereinigung für Limnologie, v. 20, p. 2556–2560.


Marine, K.R., and Lappe, P., 2009, Link River Dam surface spill experiment: Evaluation of differential juvenile sucker downstream passage rates—Final Report prepared for Bureau of Reclamation, March 2009, 68 p.


Mrazik, S., 2007, Oregon water quality index summary water years 1997-2006: Oregon Department of Environmental Quality, DEQ07-LAB-007-TR, 13 p.


Nagata, T., 1986, Carbon and nitrogen content of natural planktonic bacteria: Applied Environmental Microbiology, v. 52, p. 28–32.


National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 1998, Automated Surface Observing System (ASOS) user’s guide: accessed June 2, 2011, at http://www.nws.noaa.gov/asos/aum-toc.pdf.


Oregon Department of Environmental Quality, 2002, Upper Klamath Lake drainage total maximum daily load (TMDL) and water quality management plan (WQMP), May 2002: Portland, Oregon, 188 p., accessed June 2, 2011, at http://www.deq.state.or.us/wq/tmdls/docs/klamathbasin/ukldrainage/tmdlwqmp.pdf.


Oregon Department of Environmental Quality, 2007, Oregon’s 2004/2006 integrated report, accessed November 16, 2007, at http://www.deq.state.or.us/wq/assessment/rpt0406.htm.


Oregon Department of Environmental Quality, 2009, Laboratory analytical storage and retrieval (LASAR) database, accessed May 16, 2011, at http://www.deq.state.or.us/lab/lasar.htm.


Oregon Department of Environmental Quality, 2010, Upper Klamath and Lost River subbasins total maximum daily load (TMDL) and water quality management plan (WQMP), December 2010, accessed May 17, 2011, at http://www.deq.state.or.us/WQ/TMDLs/klamath.htm.


Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife, 2008, A plan for the reintroduction of anadromous fish in the Upper Klamath Basin (Draft), March 2008: Salem, Oregon, 53 p., accessed on May 17, 2011, at http://www.dfw.state.or.us/agency/commission/minutes/08/07_july/Exhibit%20B_Attachment%204.pdf.


PacifiCorp, 2002, Explanation of facilities and operational issues associated with PacifiCorp’s Klamath hydroelectric project, FERC Project No. 2082 (Draft): Portland, Oregon, PacifiCorp, 44 p., accessed May 31, 2011, at http://www.pacificorp.com/content/dam/pacificorp/doc/Energy_Sources/Hydro/Hydro_Licensing/Klamath_River/Klamath_Project_Facilities_and_Operations_Report.pdf.


PacifiCorp, 2005, Klamath River water quality model implementation, calibration, and validation, Klamath Hydroelectric Project (FERC Project No. 2082)—Response to November 10, 2005, FERC AIR GN–2: Portland, Oregon, PacifiCorp, FERC filing: December 16.


Padisak, J., 2004, Phytoplankton, in O’Sullivan, P.E., and Reynolds, C.S., eds., The lakes handbook, volume 1, limnology and limnetic ecology: Oxford, Blackwell Science, p. 251–308.


Poole, H.H., and Atkins, W.R.G., 1929, Photo-electric measurements of submarine illumination throughout the year: Journal of the Marine Biological Association, v. 16, p. 297-324.


Poulson, S.R., and Sullivan, A.B., 2010, Assessment of diel chemical and isotopic techniques to investigate biogeochemical cycles in the Upper Klamath River, Oregon, USA: Chemical Geology, v. 269, no. 1–2, p. 3–11.


Raymond, R., and Eilers, J.M., 2004, Sediment oxygen demand and nutrient release from sites in Lake Ewauna and Keno Reservoir: MaxDepth Aquatics, Inc., 18 p.


Reynolds, C.S., 2006, The Ecology of Phytoplankton: Cambridge University Press, 550 p.


Risley, J.C., Hess, G.W., and Fisher, B.J., 2006, An assessment of flow data from Klamath River sites between Link River Dam and Keno Dam, south-central Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2006–5212, 30 p. (Also available at http://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2006/5212/.)


Rocha, O., and Duncan, A., 1985, The relationship between cell carbon and cell volume in freshwater algal species used in zooplanktonic studies: Journal of Plankton Research, v. 7, no. 3, p. 279–294.


Rounds, S.A., and Sullivan, A.B., 2009, Review of Klamath River total maximum daily load models from Link River Dam to Keno Dam, Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Administrative Report, 37 p., accessed November 18, 2010, at http://or.water.usgs.gov/proj/keno_reach/download/klamath_river_model_review_final.pdf.


Rounds, S.A., and Sullivan, A.B., 2010, Review of revised Klamath River total maximum daily load models from Link River Dam to Keno Dam, Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Administrative Report, 32 p. (Also available at http://or.water.usgs.gov/proj/keno_reach/download/klamath_model_rereview_final.pdf.)


Sammel, E.A., 1980, Hydrogeologic appraisal of the Klamath Falls geothermal area, Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1044–G, 45 p.


Sullivan, A.B., Deas, M.L., Asbill, J., Kirshtein, J.D., Butler, K., Wellman, R.W., Stewart, M.A., and Vaughn, J., 2008, Klamath River water quality and acoustic Doppler current profiler data from Link River Dam to Keno Dam, 2007: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008–1185, 25 p. (Also available at http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1185/.)


Sullivan, A.B., Deas, M.L., Asbill, J., Kirshtein, J.D., Butler, K., and Vaughn, J., 2009, Klamath River water quality data from Link River to Keno Dam, Oregon, 2008: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009–1105, 25 p. (Also available at http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1105/.)


Sullivan, A.B., Snyder, D.M., and Rounds, S.A., 2010, Controls on biochemical oxygen demand in the Upper Klamath River, Oregon: Chemical Geology, v. 269, no. 1–2, p. 12–21.


Terwilliger, M.R., Simon, D.C., and Markle, D.F., 2004, Larval and juvenile ecology of Upper Klamath Lake suckers: 1998–2003: final report to Bureau of Reclamation, 217 p.


Tetra Tech, 2009, Klamath River model for TMDL development, Prepared for U.S. Environmental Agency Region 9 and 10, Oregon Department of Environmental Quality, and North Coast Regional Water Quality Control Board, December 2009: 196 p., accessed May 20, 2011, at http://www.deq.state.or.us/wq/tmdls/docs/klamathbasin/uklost/KlamathLostAppendixC.pdf.


U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1997, Analysis of the affect of ASOS-derived meteorological data on refined modeling: Office of Air Quality, EPA-454/R-97-014, November, 1997 [variously paged].


U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2003, Standard operating procedures for zooplankton analysis: LG403, 
16 p.


Vaughn, J., and Deas, M., 2006, Keno Reservoir vertical, lateral and longitudinal data—Technical memorandum prepared for J. Cameron, Bureau of Reclamation, Klamath Basin Area Office, December 21, 2006: Davis, California, Watercourse Engineering, Inc., 83 p.


Vuorio, K., Meili, M., and Jouko, Sarvala, 2006, Taxon-specific variation in the stable isotopic signatures (δ13C and δ15N) of lake phytoplankton: Freshwater Biology, v. 51, 
p. 807–822.


Wagner, R.J., Boulger, R.W., Jr., Oblinger, C.J., and Smith, B.A., 2006, Guidelines and standard procedures for continuous water-quality monitors—Station operation, record computation, and data reporting: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods 1–D3, 51 p. plus 8 attachments. (Also available at http://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/2006/tm1D3/.)


Watercourse Engineering, Inc., 2003, Klamath River modeling framework to support the PacifiCorp Federal Energy Regulatory Commission Hydropower Relicensing Application, November 14, 2003: 291 p., accessed May 31, 2011, at http://www.pacificorp.com/content/dam/pacificorp/doc/Energy_Sources/Hydro/Hydro_Licensing/Klamath_River/WR_Appendix_4A_Klamath_River_Modeling_Framework.pdf.

Williams, D.T., Drummond, G.R., Ford, D.E., and Robey, D.L., 1980, Determination of light extinction coefficients in lakes and reservoirs, in Stefan, H.G. (ed.), Proceedings of the Symposium on Surface Water Impoundments, June 2–5, Minneapolis, Minnesota: New York, American Society of Civil Engineers, p. 1329–1335. 


Wood, T.M., 2001, Sediment oxygen demand in Upper Klamath and Agency Lakes, Oregon, 1999: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 01–4080, 13 p., http://or.water.usgs.gov/pubs/WRIR01-4080/.

Wood, T.M., Cheng, R.T., Gartner, J.W., Hoilman, G.R., Lindenberg, M.K., and Wellman, R.E., 2008, Modeling hydrodynamics and heat transport in Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon, and implications for water quality: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2008–5076, 48 p. (Also available at http://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2008/5076/.)


First posted July 14, 2011

For additional information contact:
Director, Oregon Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
2130 SW 5th Avenue
Portland, Oregon 97201
http://or.water.usgs.gov

Part or all of this report is presented in Portable Document Format (PDF); the latest version of Adobe Reader or similar software is required to view it. Download the latest version of Adobe Reader, free of charge.

Accessibility FOIA Privacy Policies and Notices

Take Pride in America logo USA.gov logo U.S. Department of the Interior | U.S. Geological Survey
URL: http://pubsdata.usgs.gov/pubs/sir/2011/5105/section9.html
Page Contact Information: GS Pubs Web Contact
Page Last Modified: Thursday, 10-Jan-2013 20:07:27 EST