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Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5105


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Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Reclamation


Modeling Hydrodynamics, Water Temperature, and Water Quality in the Klamath River Upstream of Keno Dam, Oregon, 2006–09


By Annett B. Sullivan and Stewart A. Rounds, U.S. Geological Survey; Michael L. Deas, Watercourse Engineering, Inc.; Jessica R. Asbill, Bureau of Reclamation; Roy E. Wellman, Marc A. Stewart, and Matthew W. Johnston, U.S. Geological Survey; and I. Ertugrul Sogutlugil, Watercourse Engineering, Inc.


Figures

Figure 1. Location of the study reach and sampling locations in the Klamath River upstream of Keno Dam, Oregon.

Figure 2. A longitudinal transect through the main branch (branch 1) of the model grid from the mouth of Link River (right) to Keno Dam (left), Oregon, representing 19.6 miles of the Klamath River.

Figure 3. Daily average measured and modeled water-surface elevations at Keno Dam forebay, Oregon.

Figure 4. Regression between measured turbidity and inorganic suspended sediment concentration when algae were not observed to be present (field ALGAE observations=0) in the upper Klamath River, Oregon.

Figure 5. Regression between measured blue-green algae biovolume and field observed algal density at the Link River (2007 and 2008 data) and Klamath Straits Drain (2008 data) sites, Oregon.

Figure 6. Regression between light extinction coefficients derived from light meter profiles and light extinction coefficients derived from Secchi disc measurements and the modified Poole–Atkins (1929) equation for the Klamath River upstream of Keno Dam, Oregon.

Figure 7. Measured and modeled average cross-sectional velocity at sites in the Link River to Keno Dam reach of the Klamath River, Oregon, May 30 and September 19, 2007.

Figure 8. (A) Measured flow direction (degrees) and magnitude (feet per second) of acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) velocity measurements at the Keno site, Oregon, early June through early December 2008.

Figure 9. (A) Measured direction (degrees) and magnitude (feet per second) of ADCP velocity measurements at the Ewauna sites, Oregon, for early June through October 2008.

Figure 10. Measured and modeled hourly water temperature for calendar year (A) 2006, (B) 2007, (C) 2008, and (D) 2009 for sites in the Klamath River upstream of Keno Dam, Oregon.

Figure 11. Profiles of measured and modeled water temperature for selected dates and sites in (A) 2006 and 2007, and (B) 2008 and 2009 in the Klamath River upstream of Keno Dam, Oregon.

Figure 12. Measured and modeled hourly specific conductance for calendar years (A) 2006, (B) 2007, (C) 2008, and (D) 2009 for sites in the Klamath River upstream of Keno Dam, Oregon.

Figure 13. Measured and modeled specific conductance for selected dates and sites in (A) 2006 and 2007, and (B) 2008 and 2009 for the Klamath River upstream of Keno Dam, Oregon.

Figure 14. Measured and modeled algae, nutrients, and organic matter for calendar years (A) 2006, (B) 2007, (C) 2008, and (D) 2009 for sites in the Klamath River upstream of Keno Dam, Oregon.

Figure 15. Un-ionized ammonia concentration calculated from measured data for 2007 at the Link River, Miller Island, and Keno sites, Oregon.

Figure 16. Simulated hourly loads of total phosphorus and total nitrogen at the Link River inflow and the Keno Dam outflow, Oregon, calendar years 2006–09.

Figure 17. Annual cycle of dissolved-oxygen concentrations at the Klamath River at Miller Island Boat Ramp site, Oregon (U.S. Geological Survey station 420853121505500, top).

Figure 18. Measured and modeled hourly dissolved-oxygen concentrations during calendar years (A) 2006, (B) 2007, (C) 2008, and (D) 2009 for sites in the Klamath River upstream of Keno Dam, Oregon.

Figure 19. Simulated total annual dissolved-oxygen production (A, sources) and consumption (B, sinks) in the Link–Keno reach of the Klamath River, Oregon, calendar year 2008.

Figure 20. Temporal and spatial distribution of modeled daily average sediment oxygen demand in the Klamath River between Link River and Keno Dam, Oregon, 2008. This plot represents total sediment oxygen demand.

Figure 21. Temporal and spatial differences in modeled daily average concentrations of (A) dissolved oxygen, (B) blue-green algae, (C) labile particulate organic matter (LPOM) and (D) first-order sediment between the base scenario (1a) and the scenario with Link River meeting Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon, total maximum daily load (TMDL) in-lake phosphorus targets (2a) for 2007.

Figure 22. Temporal and spatial differences in modeled daily average concentrations of (A) ammonia, and (B) nitrate plus nitrite between the base case scenario (1a) and the scenario with Link River meeting Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon, total maximum daily load (TMDL) in-lake phosphorus targets (2a) for 2007.

Figure 23. Temporal and spatial differences in modeled daily average concentrations of orthophosphorus between the base case scenario (1a) and (A) the scenario with Link River meeting Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon, total maximum daily load (TMDL) in-lake phosphorus targets (2a), and (B) the scenario with in-reach point and nonpoint sources at Klamath River, Oregon, TMDL compliance (1b) for 2007.

First posted July 14, 2011

For additional information contact:
Director, Oregon Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
2130 SW 5th Avenue
Portland, Oregon 97201
http://or.water.usgs.gov

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