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Prepared in cooperation with the Nickel Producers Environmental Research Association

Toxicity of Nickel-Spiked Freshwater Sediments to Benthic Invertebrates—Spiking Methodology, Species Sensitivity, and Nickel Bioavailability

By John M. Besser, William G. Brumbaugh, Nile E. Kemble, Chris D. Ivey, James L. Kunz, Christopher G. Ingersoll, and David Rudel

Suggested citation:

Besser, J.M., Brumbaugh, W.G., Kemble, N.E., Ivey, C.D., Kunz, J.L., Ingersoll, C.G., and Rudel, David, 2011, Toxicity of nickel-spiked freshwater sediments to benthic invertebrates—Spiking methodology, species sensitivity, and nickel bioavailability: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011–5225, 53 p. plus appendixes.

Contents

Acknowledgments

Abstract

Chapter 1—Development of Methods for Preparation and Toxicity Testing of Nickel-Spiked Freshwater Sediment

1.1 Introduction

1.2 Methods

1.3 Results and Discussion

1.4 Conclusions

Chapter 2—Sensitivity of Benthic Invertebrates to Toxicity of Nickel-Spiked Freshwater Sediments

2.1 Introduction

2.2 Methods

2.3 Results and Discussion

2.4 Conclusions

Chapter 3—Effect of Sediment Characteristics on Nickel Bioavailability

3.1 Introduction

3.2 Methods

3.3 Results and Discussion

3.4 Conclusions

References Cited

Appendixes 1-3