Skip Links

USGS - science for a changing world

Scientific Investigations Report 2012–5062


Groundwater Simulation and Management Models for the Upper Klamath Basin, Oregon and California


References Cited


Adam, D.P., Bradbury, J.P., Rieck, H.J., and Sarna-Wojcicki, A.M., 1990, Environmental changes in the Tule Lake basin, Siskiyou and Modoc Counties, California, from 3 to 2 million years before present: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1933, 13 p.


Ahlfeld, D.P., and Baro-Montes, G., 2008, Solving unconfined groundwater flow management problems with successive linear programming: Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management, v. 134, no. 5, p. 404–412. 


Ahlfeld, D.P., and Mulligan, A.E., 2000, Optimal management of flow in groundwater systems: San Diego, Academic Press, 185 p. 


Anderson, M.P., and Woessner, W.W., 1992, Applied groundwater modeling—Simulation of flow and advective transport: Academic Press, San Diego, 381 p.


Barlow, P.M., and Dickerman, D.C., 2001, Numerical-simulation and conjunctive-management models of the Hunt-Annaquatucket-Pettaquamscutt stream-aquifer system, Rhode Island: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1636, 88 p.


Benson, S.M., Sammel, E.A., Solbau, R.D., and Lai, C.H., 1984a, Interpretation of aquifer test data, in Sammel, E.A., ed., Analysis and interpretation of data obtained in tests of the geothermal aquifer at Klamath Falls, Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 84–4216, p. 5.1–5.55.


Benson, S.M., Janik, C.J., Long, D.C., Solbau, R.D., Lienau, P.J., Culver, G.G., Sammel, E.A., Swanson, S.R., Hart, D.N., Yee, Andrew, White, A.F., Stallard, M.L., Brown, S.P., Wheeler, M.C., Winnett, T.L., Fong, Grace, and Eakin, G.B., 1984b, Data from pumping and injection tests and chemical sampling in the geothermal aquifer at Klamath Falls, Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 84–146, 101 p.


Braunsten, S.B., 2009, Subsurface structure of the Lower Klamath Lake and Tule Lake basins, California, investigated using gravity anomalies: Portland State University, Oregon, M.S. Thesis, 112 p.


Burt, Charles, and Freeman, Beau, 2003, Klamath Basin investigation—Hydrologic assessment of the Upper Klamath Basin, Issues and opportunities, Draft report: San Luis Obispo, California Polytechnic State University, Irrigation Training and Research Center (ITRAC), Prepared for the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, May 2003, variously paged.


California Department of Water Resources, 1963, Northeastern counties ground-water investigation, Volume I–Text: State of California Department of Water Resources Bulletin 98, 246 p.


Canadell, J., Jackson, R.B., Ehleringer, J.R., Mooney, H.A., Sala, O.E., and Schulze, E. -D., 1996, Maximum rooting depth of vegetation types at the global scale: Oecologia, v. 108, p. 583–595.


Carlson, H.L., and Todd, Rodney, 2003, Effects of the 2001 water allocation decisions on the agricultural landscape and crop production in the Klamath Reclamation Project, in Braunworth, W.S., Jr., Welch, Teresa, and Hathaway, Ron, eds., Water allocation in the Klamath Reclamation Project—An assessment of natural resource, economic, social, and institutional issues with a focus on the upper Klamath Basin: Oregon State University Extension Service Special Report 1037, p. 163–167.


Danskin, W.R., and Freckleton, J.R., 1989, Ground-water-flow modeling and optimization techniques applied to high-ground-water problems in San Bernardino, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 89–75, 14 p. 


Danskin, W.R., and Gorelick, S.M., 1985, A policy evaluation tool—Management of a multiaquifer system using controlled stream recharge: Water Resources Research, v. 21, no. 11, p. 1731–1747. 


DeSimone, L.A., Walter, D.A., Eggleston, J.R., and Nimiroski, M.T., 2002, Simulation of ground-water flow and evaluation of water-management alternatives in the upper Charles River Basin, Eastern Massachusetts: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigation Report 02–4234, 94 p.


Doherty, J., 2010, PEST, Model-independent parameter estimation—User manual (5th ed., with slight additions): Brisbane, Australia, Watermark Numerical Computing. 


Driscoll, F.G., 1986, Groundwater and wells: Johnson Division, St. Paul, Minn., 1089 p.


Fetter, C.W., 1980, Applied hydrogeology: Columbus, Ohio, Charles E. Merrill Publishing Co., 488 p.


Freeze, R.A., and Cherry, J.A., 1979, Groundwater: Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, N.J., 604 p.


Gannett, M.W., and Lite, K.E., Jr., 2004, Simulation of regional ground-water flow in the upper Deschutes Basin, Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 03–4195, 84 p.


Gannett, M.W., Lite, K.E., Jr., La Marche, J.L., Fisher, B.J., and Polette, D.J., 2007, Ground-water hydrology of the upper Klamath Basin, Oregon and California: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2007–5050, 84 p.


Gay, T.E., Jr., and Aune, Q.A., 1958, Geologic map of California, Olaf P. Jenkins edition, Alturas sheet: California Division of Mines and Geology, 2 sheets, scale 1:250,000.


Gill, P.E., Murray, W., and Wright, M. H., 1981, Practical optimization: New York, Academic Press, 401 p.


Gorelick, S.M., 1983, A review of distributed parameter groundwater management modeling methods: Water Resources Research, v. 19, no. 2, p. 305–319.


Gorelick, S.M., Freeze, R.A., Donohue, D., and Keely, J.F., 1993, Groundwater contamination—Optimal capture and containment: Boca Raton, Fla., Lewis Publishers, 385 p. 


Granato, G.E., and Barlow, P.M., 2004, Effects of alternative instream-flow criteria and water-supply demands on ground-water development options in the Big River Area, Rhode Island: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2004–5301, 110 p.


Grondin, G.H., 2004, Ground water in the eastern Lost River sub-basin, Langell, Yonna, Swan Lake, and Poe Valleys of Southeastern Klamath County, Oregon: Oregon Water Resources Department Ground Water Report No. 41, 171 p., 5 plates.


Hammond, P.E., 1983, Volcanic formations along the Klamath River near Copco Lake, Siskiyou County: California Geology, v. 36. no. 5, p. 99–109.


Harbaugh, A.W., Banta, E.R., Hill, M.C., and McDonald, M.G., 2000, MODFLOW-2000, the U.S. Geological Survey modular ground-water model—User guide to modularization concepts and the Ground-Water Flow Process: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 00–92, 121 p.


Hill, M.C., 1990, Preconditioned conjugate-gradient 2 (PCG2), a computer program for solving ground-water flow equations: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 90–4048, 43 p.


Hill, M.C., 1992, A computer program (MODFLOWP) for estimating parameters of a transient, three-dimensional, ground-water flow model using nonlinear regression: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 91–484, 358 p.


Hill, M.C., 1998, Methods and guidelines for effective model calibration: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 98–4005, 90 p.


Hill, M.C., Banta, E.R., Harbaugh, A.W., and Anderman, E.R., 2000, MODFLOW-2000, the U.S. Geological Survey modular ground-water model—User guide to the Observation, Sensitivity, and Parameter-Estimation Processes and three post-processing programs: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 00–184, 210 p. 


Hill, M.C., and Tiedeman, C.R., 2007, Effective groundwater model calibration, with analysis of sensitivities, predictions, and uncertainty: New York, Wiley, 455 p. 


Hillier, F.S., and Lieberman, G.J., 1980, Introduction to operations research: San Francisco, Holden-Day Inc., 829 p. 


Hubbard, L.H., 1970, Water budget of Upper Klamath Lake, southwestern Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Hydrologic Investigations Atlas HA–351, 1 sheet, scale 1:250,000.


Ingebritsen, S.E., Sherrod, D.R., and Mariner, R.H., 1992, Rates and patterns of groundwater flow in the Cascade Range volcanic arc, and the effect on subsurface temperatures: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 97, no. B4, p. 4599–4627. 


Jenks, M.D., 2007, Geologic compilation map of part of the Upper Klamath Basin, Klamath County, Oregon: Oregon Department of Geology and Mineral Industries Open-File Report O-07-05, 7 p., scale 1:100,000.


Klamath Basin Restoration Agreement (KBRA), 2010, Klamath Basin restoration agreement for the sustainability of public and trust resources and affected communities—February 18, 2010: Klamath Basin Restoration Agreement, 378 p., accessed January 17, 2012, at http://klamathrestoration.gov/.


La Rue, E.C., 1922, Klamath River and its utilization: Report to the Office of the State Engineer, Salem, Oregon, 204 p.


Leavesley, G.H., Lichty, R.W., Troutman, B.M., and Saindon, L.G., 1983, Precipitation-runoff modeling system—User’s manual: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 83–4238, 48 p.


LINDO Systems, Inc., 2005, LINDO API: Chicago, LINDO Systems, Inc., 459 p. 


Loy, W.G., Allan, Stuart, Buckley, Aileen, and Meacham, Jim, 2001, Atlas of Oregon: Eugene, University of Oregon Press, 320 p.


MacLeod, N.L., and Sherrod, D.R., 1992, Reconnaissance geologic map of the west half of the Crescent 1° by 2° quadrangle, central Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map I–2215, 1 sheet.


Manga, Michael, 1996, Hydrology of spring-dominated streams in the Oregon Cascades: Water Resources Research, v. 32, no. 8, p. 2435–2439.


Manga, Michael, 1997, A model for discharge in spring-dominated streams and implications for the transmissivity and recharge of Quaternary volcanics in the Oregon Cascades: Water Resources Research, v. 33, no. 8, 
p. 1813–1822.


Markstrom, S.L., Niswonger, R.G., Regan, R.S., Prudic, D.E., and Barlow, P.M., 2008, GSFLOW—Coupled ground-water and surface-water flow model based on the integration of the Precipitation-Runoff Modeling System (PRMS) and the Modular Ground-Water Flow Model (MODFLOW-2005): U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods 6–D1, 240 p.


McDonald, M.G., and Harbaugh, A.W., 1988, A modular three-dimensional finite-difference ground-water flow model: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations, book 6, chap. A1, 586 p.


McFarland, W., Gannett, M.W., Risley, J., Lynch, D., Miller, J., McCarthy, K., Snyder, D., and Morgan, D., 2005, Assessment of the Klamath project pilot water bank—A review from a hydrologic perspective: Prepared by the U.S. Geological Survey Oregon Water Science Center, Portland, Oreg.


Mehl, S.E., and Hill, M.C., 2001, MODFLOW-2000, the U.S. Geological Survey modular ground-water model—User guide to the LINK-AMG (LMG) Package for solving matrix equations using an algebraic multigrid solver: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 01–177, 33 p.


Mertzman, S.A., Jr., 2000, K-Ar results from the southern Oregon-northern California Cascade Range: Oregon Geology, v. 62, no. 4, p. 99–122.


National Marine Fisheries Service, 2002, Biological opinion, Klamath project operations: National Marine Fisheries Service, Southwest Region, accessed January 5, 2007, at http://swr.nmfs.noaa.gov/psd/klamath/KpopBO2002finalMay31.pdf.


National Marine Fisheries Service, 2010, Biological opinion, Operation of the Klamath Project between 2010 and 2018: National Marine Fisheries Service, Southwest Region, File Number: 151422SWR2008AR00148, 226 p., accessed August 29, 2011, at http://www.usbr.gov/mp/kbao/operations_planning.html.


Natural Resources Conservation Service, 2004, Summary of the upper Klamath Basin rapid subbasin assessment of private lands: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service, Oregon and California Planning Teams, 13 individually paginated chapters.


Northwest Geophysical Associates, Inc., 2002, Gravity survey groundwater investigation Lower Klamath Lake Basin Klamath County, Oregon: Corvallis, Oreg., Northwest Geophysical Associates, Inc., prepared for Klamath Drainage District, May 2002, 13 p. plus 11 sheets.


Oregon Administrative Rules, 2011, Oregon Water Resources Department, Administrative Rules, Chapter 690, Division 8, Statutory Ground Water Terms, accessed August 30, 2011, at http://www.wrd.state.or.us/OWRD/LAW/oar.shtml.


Oregon State University PRISM Group, 2006, PRISM Group data website: accessed September 2006 at http://www.ocs.oregonstate.edu/prism.


Orr, E.L., Orr, W.N., and Baldwin, E.M., 1992, Geology of Oregon: Kendall/Hunt Publishing Co., 254 p.


Prudic, D.E., 1989, Documentation of a computer program to simulate stream-aquifer relations using a modular, finite-difference, ground-water flow model: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 88–729, 113 p.


Reichard, E.G., Land, M., Crawford, S.M., Johnson, T., Everett, R.R., Kulshan, T.V., Ponti, D.J., Halford, K.J., Johnson, T.A., Paybins, K.S., and Nishikawa, T., 2003, Geohydrology, geochemistry, and ground-water simulation-optimization of the central and west coast basins, Los Angeles County, California: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigation Report 03–4065, 184 p.


Sammel, E.A., and Peterson, D.L., 1976, Hydrologic reconnaissance of the geothermal area near Klamath Falls, Oregon, with a section on Preliminary interpretation of geophysical data: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 76–127, 137 p.


Shah, Nirjhar, Nachabe, Mahmood, and Ross, Mark, 2007, Extinction depth and evapotranspiration from ground water under selected land covers: Ground Water, v. 45, no. 3, p. 329–338. 


Sherrod, D.R., 1991, Geologic map of a part of the Cascade Range between latitudes 43°–44°, central Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Map I–1891, 14 p., scale 1:125,000, 1 sheet.


Sherrod, D.R., and Pickthorn, L.G., 1992, Geologic map of the west half of the Klamath Falls 1° by 2° quadrangle, south-central Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Series, Map I–2182, 1 sheet, scale 1:250,000.


Sherrod, D.R., and Smith, J.G., 2000, Geologic map of upper Eocene to Holocene volcanic and related rocks of the Cascade Range Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Map I–2569, scale 1:500,000.


Smith, J.G., Page, N.J., Johnson, M.G., Moring, B.C., and Gray, Floyd, 1982, Preliminary geologic map of the Medford 1° by 2° quadrangle, Oregon and California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 82–955, 1 sheet, scale 1:250,000.


Snyder, D.T., and Morace, J.L., 1997, Nitrogen and phosphorous loading from drained wetlands adjacent to Upper Klamath and Agency Lakes, Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 97–4059, 67 p.


Theis, C.V., 1940, The source of water derived from wells—Essential factors controlling the response of an aquifer to development: Civil Engineering, v. 10, p. 277–280.


U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 2008, Biological/Conference opinion regarding the effects of the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation’s proposed operation plan for the Klamath Project and its effects on the endangered Lost River and shortnose suckers.


Vance, J.A., 1984, The lower Western Cascades Volcanic Group in northern California, in Nilsen, T.H., ed., Geology of the Upper Cretaceous Hornbrook Formation, Oregon and California: Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists, Pacific Section, Field Trip Guidebook v. 42, p. 195–196.


Veen, C.A., 1981, Gravity anomalies and their structural implications for southern Oregon Cascade Mountains and adjoining Basin and Range province: Corvallis, Oregon, Oregon State University, M.S. thesis, 86 p.


Wagner, B.J., 1995, Recent advances in simulation-optimization groundwater management modeling: Reviews of Geophysics, Supplement 33, p. 1021–1028.


Wagner, D.L., and Saucedo, G.J., compilers, 1987, Geologic map of the Weed Quadrangle: California Division of Mines and Geology Regional Geologic Map Series Map No. 4A (Geology), 15 p., 4 sheets, scale 1:250,000.


Walker, G.W., 1963, Reconnaissance geologic map of the eastern half of the Klamath Falls (AMS) quadrangle, Lake and Klamath counties, Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Mineral Investigations Field Studies Map MF–260, 1 sheet scale 1:250,000.


Western Regional Climate Center, 2006, Historical climate data: accessed September 2006 at http://www.wrcc.dri.edu.


Yeh, W. W-G., 1992, Systems analysis in ground-water planning and management: Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management, v. 118, no. 3, p. 224–237.


First posted May 5, 2012

For additional information contact:
Director, Oregon Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
2130 SW 5th Avenue
Portland, Oregon 97201
http://or.water.usgs.gov

Part or all of this report is presented in Portable Document Format (PDF); the latest version of Adobe Reader or similar software is required to view it. Download the latest version of Adobe Reader, free of charge.

Accessibility FOIA Privacy Policies and Notices

Take Pride in America logo USA.gov logo U.S. Department of the Interior | U.S. Geological Survey
URL: http://pubsdata.usgs.gov/pubs/sir/2012/5062/section10.html
Page Contact Information: GS Pubs Web Contact
Page Last Modified: Thursday, 10-Jan-2013 19:53:15 EST