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Scientific Investigations Report 2013–5093

Prepared in collaboration with the Hawaiʻi Cooperative Studies, University of Hawaiʻi at Hilo

Vegetation Map of the Watersheds Between Kawela and Kamalō Gulches, Island of Molokaʻi, Hawaiʻi

By James D. Jacobi and Stephen Ambagis

Thumbnail of and link to report PDF (20 MB)Abstract

In this document we describe the methods and results of a project to produce a large-scale map of the dominant plant communities for an area of 5,118.5 hectares encompassing the Kawela and Kamalō watersheds on the island of Molokaʻi, Hawaiʻi, using digital image analysis of multi-spectral satellite imagery. Besides providing a base map of the area for land managers to use, this vegetation map serves as spatial background for the U.S. Geological Survey’s (USGS) Molokaʻi Ridge-to-Reef project, which is an interdisciplinary study of erosion and sediment transport within these watersheds. A total of 14 mapping units were identified for the Kawela-Kamalō project area. The most widespread units were the ʻŌhiʻa montane wet or mesic forest and No vegetation or very sparse grasses/shrubs communities, each present in more than 800 hectares, or 16 percent of the mapping area. Next largest were the Kiawe woodland with alien grass understory and ʻAʻaliʻi dry shrubland units, each of which covered more than 500 hectares, or more than 12 percent of the area; followed by the Mixed native mesic shrubland, ʻIlima and mixed grass dry shrubland, Mixed alien grass with ʻilima shrubs, and the Mixed alien forest with alien shrub/grass understory communities, which ranged in size from approximately 391 to 491 hectares, or 7.6 to 9.6 percent of the project site. The other six mapped units covered less than 170 hectares of the landscape. Six of the map units were dominated by native vegetation, covering a total of 2,535.2 hectares combined, or approximately 50 percent of the project area. The remaining map units were dominated by nonnative species and represent vegetation types that have resulted from invasion and establishment of plant species that had been either purposely or accidently introduced into Hawaiʻi since humans arrived in these islands more than 1,500 years ago. The preponderance of mapping units that are dominated by alien species of plants is a strong indication of how much anthropogenic disturbance has occurred in this area. The native-dominated ʻŌhiʻa forest and uluhe fern communities are probably most similar to the vegetation that was originally found in the upper part of the project area this area. Portions of the mixed mesic native shrub community still persist in the lowland mesic zone, but below that area, the vegetation is either dominated by alien species, or artificially opened by animal grazing and erosion, even in the few units that are still dominated by native species. The map produced for the Kawela to Kamalō watersheds can be used as a baseline for assessing the distribution and abundance of the various plant communities found across this landscape at the time of the imagery (2004). It can also be used to help understand the dynamics of the vegetation and other attributes of this watershed—such as erosion and surface transport of sediment, relative to current and future habitat conditions.

First posted June 17, 2013

  • Report PDF (20 MB)
  • Vegetation map PDF. This document is an 11" x 17" version of figure 7 from the report (3.3 MB)
  • GIS data zip. This package contains the GIS raster file for the vegetation map, a layer file so the units are correctly colored, and a pdf file with detailed metadata documentation. (2.1 MB)

For additional information contact:
PIERC, Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center
U.S. Geological Survey
PO Box 44
Hawaii National Park, HI 96718
http://www.usgs.gov/ecosystems/pierc/

Part of this report is presented in Portable Document Format (PDF); the latest version of Adobe Reader or similar software is required to view it. Download the latest version of Adobe Reader, free of charge.


Suggested citation:

Jacobi, J.D., and Ambagis, S., 2013, Vegetation map of the watersheds between Kawela and Kamalō Gulches, Island of Molokaʻi, Hawaiʻi: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2013–5093, 22 p. and GIS data, http://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5093/.



Contents

Acknowledgments

Conversion Factors

Abbreviations

Abstract

Introduction

Methods

Results

Discussion

Conclusions

References

Appendix 1, Species Distribution

GIS data


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