By Herbert H. Stevens, Jr., John F. Ficke, and George F. Smoot
Preface
Abstract
Introduction
Purposes of water-temperature measurements
Water use and stream standards
Applications in ground-water hydrology
Temperature scales and units of measurement
Part 1. Influential factors
Influence on water quality
Physical
Chemical
Biological
Ambient relationships
Temporal and spatial variations
Streams
Lakes and reservoirs
Estuaries
Ground water
Part 2. Field measurement
Instruments
Temperature sensors
Liquid-in-glass
Bimetallic
Filled-system
Thermocouple
Resistance bulb
Others
Thermometers
Nonrecording thermometers
Portable recording thermometers
Fixed-installation recording thermometers
Operation, maintenance, and calibration
Field applications and procedures
Streams
Objectives and accuracy requirements
Selection of temperature measuring system
Site selection
Sensor location
Special procedures
Lakes and reservoirs
Objectives and accuracy requirements
Selection of temperature measuring system
Site selection
Sensor location
Special procedures
Estuaries
Objectives and accuracy requirements
Selection of temperature measuring system
Site selection
Sensor location
Special procedures
Ground water
Objectives and accuracy requirements
Selection of temperature
Site selection
Sensor location
Special procedures
Part 3. Data presentation
Reduction and correction
Correcting instrument error
Data reduction
Presentation and publication
What to publish
Tabular format
Graphical
References cited
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