Table 5. Selected case studies from Tennessee Department of Environment and Conservation site files
[Data source: Tennessee Department of Environment and Conservation Superfund site files (unpublished); TCE, trichloroethylene; PCE, tetrachloroethylene; DCE, dichloroethylene; TCFM, Trichlorofluoromethane, TCA, trichloroethane; mg/kg, milligrams per kilogram; mg/L, milligrams per liter; DNAPL, dense nonaqueous phase liquid; U.S. EPA, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency]
|
Description |
Inner Central Basin |
Outer Central Basin |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Site Characteristics |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Site number |
59-502 |
75-531 |
95-501 |
19-565 |
94-508 |
|
County |
Marshall |
Rutherford |
Wilson |
Davidson |
Williamson |
|
Activity |
Manufacturing |
Waste recycling, reclaiming |
Manufacturing |
Manufacturing |
Waste disposal |
|
Years of operation |
17 |
2 |
25 |
36 |
1 |
|
Primary chlorinated solvent(s) |
TCE |
TCE/PCE |
TCE |
TCE/1,2-DCE |
TCE/PCE |
|
Estimated release volume (liters) |
13,000 |
7,286 |
Unknown |
570 to 800 |
Unknown |
|
Dye-trace data available (Yes/No) |
Yes |
No |
No |
No |
No |
|
Site Hydrogeology |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Regolith thickness (meters) |
4 to 9 |
Less than 1 |
0.45 to 2.8 |
Up to 18 |
1 to 5 |
|
Bedrock: Limestone (L), Dolomite (D), Shale (S) |
L/S |
L/S |
L/S |
L |
L/S |
|
Average depth to water (meters) |
6 to 15 |
12 to 24 |
2 |
Varies |
4.3 to 11 |
|
Fracture flow (Yes/No) |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
|
Karst features |
Springs, sinking streams, caves |
Sinkholes |
Sinkholes, springs |
Springs |
Springs |
|
Contaminant Characteristics |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Highest soil concentration (mg/kg) |
TCE 1,160 |
PCE 0.52 |
TCE 2.1 |
TCE 0.022 |
PCE 0.024 |
|
Highest dissolved concentration (mg/L) |
TCE 950,000 |
No wells |
TCE 290 |
TCE 10 |
TCE 0.85 |
|
Measured dissolved horizontal extent (meters) |
370 x 200 |
Unknown |
200 x 430 |
183 x 243 |
300 x 110 |
|
Measured dissolved vertical extent (meters) |
68 |
Unknown |
20 |
12 to 15 |
5 to 13 |
|
Potential for DNAPL occurrence (U.S. EPA, 1992b) |
Confirmed |
Moderate |
High |
Moderate |
Moderate |
|
DNAPL observed (Yes/No) |
Yes |
No |
No |
No |
No |
|
Description |
Highland Rim |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Site Characteristics |
|
|
|
|
|
Site number |
26-501 |
26-502 |
26-505 |
28-502 |
|
County |
Coffee |
Franklin |
Coffee |
Giles |
|
Activity |
Waste disposal |
Waste disposal |
Waste disposal |
Manufacturing |
|
Years of operation |
29 |
27 |
22 |
23 |
|
Primary chlorinated solvent(s) |
PCE/TCE |
TCFM/PCE/TCE |
PCE/1,1,1-TCA |
1,1,1-TCA/PCE |
|
Estimated release volume (liters) |
Unknown |
Unknown |
Unknown |
Unknown |
|
Dye-trace data available (Yes/No) |
No |
No |
No |
Yes |
|
Site Hydrogeology |
|
|
|
|
|
Regolith thickness (meters) |
22 to 29 |
18 to 25 |
20 to 26 |
20 |
|
Bedrock: Limestone (L), Dolomite (D), Shale (S) |
L |
L |
L |
L |
|
Average depth to water (meters) |
1.5 to 6 |
6 to 15 |
5 to 8 |
5 to 8 |
|
Fracture flow (Yes/No) |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
|
Karst features |
None |
Springs |
None |
Springs |
|
Contaminant Characteristics |
|
|
|
|
|
Highest soil concentration (mg/kg) |
PCE 95.6, TCE 39 |
PCE 7.3, TCE 1.0 |
PCE 3,000 |
1,1,1-TCA 250 |
|
Highest dissolved concentration (mg/L) |
PCE 120, TCE 89 |
TCFM 170, TCE 26 |
PCE 140; 1,1,1-TCA 290 |
PCE 16 |
|
Measured dissolved horizontal extent (meters) |
2,600 x 760 |
2,000 x 400 |
420 x 270 |
36 x 46 |
|
Measured dissolved vertical extent (meters) |
30 |
26 |
11 |
2 to 5 |
|
Potential for DNAPL occurrence (U.S. EPA, 1992b) |
High/moderate |
High/moderate |
Confirmed |
High |
|
DNAPL observed (Yes/No) |
No |
No |
Yes |
No |
|
Description |
Highland Rim |
||
|---|---|---|---|
|
Site Characteristics |
|
|
|
|
Site number |
89-504 |
91-501 |
91-502 |
|
County |
Warren |
Wayne |
Wayne |
|
Activity |
Manufacturing |
Manufacturing |
Waste disposal |
|
Years of operation |
37 |
15 |
2 |
|
Primary chlorinated solvent(s) |
TCE/1,2-DCE/PCE |
TCE |
TCE/PCE |
|
Estimated release volume (liters) |
Unknown |
Unknown |
40,000 |
|
Dye-trace data available (Yes/No) |
Yes |
No |
No |
|
Site Hydrogeology |
|
|
|
|
Regolith thickness (meters) |
5 to 9 |
1 to 3 |
50 |
|
Bedrock: Limestone (L), Dolomite (D), Shale (S) |
L |
L |
L |
|
Average depth to water (meters) |
2 to 4 |
Varies to 12 |
13 to 60 |
|
Fracture flow (Yes/No) |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
|
Karst features |
Sinkholes, caves, springs, sinking streams |
Spring |
Springs |
|
Contaminant Characteristics |
|
|
|
|
Highest soil concentration (mg/kg) |
TCE 0.048 |
TCE 0.019 |
TCE 0.215 |
|
Highest dissolved concentration (mg/L) |
1,2-DCE 8.82 |
TCE 250 |
PCE 40 |
|
Measured dissolved horizontal extent (meters) |
122 x 30 |
Greater than 320 x 251 |
Unknown |
|
Measured dissolved vertical extent (meters) |
16 to 22 |
30 |
53 |
|
Potential for DNAPL occurrence (U.S. EPA, 1992b) |
Confirmed |
High |
High |
|
DNAPL observed (Yes/No) |
Yes |
No |
No |
|
Description |
Valley and Ridge |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Site Characteristics |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Site number |
01-585 |
06-505 |
15-508 |
32-512 |
33-556 |
|
County |
Anderson |
Bradley |
Cocke |
Hamblen |
Hamilton |
|
Activity |
Manufacturing |
Manufacturing |
Manufacturing |
Manufacturing |
Manufacturing |
|
Years of operation |
1 |
35 |
27 |
23 |
32 |
|
Primary chlorinated solvent(s) |
TCE |
TCE/PCE |
TCE/1,1,1-TCA |
TCE |
PCE |
|
Estimated release volume (liters) |
Unknown |
Unknown |
Unknown |
Unknown |
Unknown |
|
Dye-trace data available (Yes/No) |
No |
Nearby site |
No |
No |
No |
|
Site Hydrogeology |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Regolith thickness (meters) |
5 to 11 |
4 to 12 |
1 to 5 |
5 to 17 |
8.5 to 15 |
|
Bedrock: Limestone (L), Dolomite (D), Shale (S) |
S |
L/S |
S/D |
S/D |
S/L |
|
Average depth to water (meters) |
6 to 7 |
6 to 7 |
3 to 8 |
21 to 40 |
4.5 to 6 |
|
Fracture flow (Yes/No) |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
|
Karst features |
Spring |
Springs |
Springs |
Spring, sinks |
None |
|
Contaminant Characteristics |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Highest soil concentration (mg/kg) |
TCE 12 |
PCE 890 |
TCE 0.035 |
TCE 25 |
Not detected |
|
Highest dissolved concentration (mg/L) |
TCE 26 |
PCE 25 |
TCE 5.76 |
TCE 0.19 |
PCE 84 |
|
Measured dissolved horizontal extent (meters) |
53 x 29 |
430 x 120 |
300 x 220 |
95 x 73 |
300 x 200 |
|
Measured dissolved vertical extent (meters) |
125 |
36 |
14 to 17 |
47 to 50 |
19.5 |
|
Potential for DNAPL occurrence (U.S. EPA, 1992b) |
High |
High/moderate |
Moderate |
Moderate |
High/moderate |
|
DNAPL observed (Yes/No) |
No |
No |
No |
No |
No |
|
Case study characteristics |
Valley and Ridge |
Western toe of the Blue Ridge |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Site Characteristics |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Site number |
37-512 |
54-505 |
82-506 |
82-516 |
86-501 |
|
County |
Hawkins |
McMinn |
Sullivan |
Sullivan |
Unicoi |
|
Activity |
Drum storage/degreasing |
Waste disposal |
Storage/drums |
Waste disposal |
Waste disposal |
|
Years of operation |
5 |
12 |
4 |
7 |
7 |
|
Primary chlorinated solvent(s) |
1,1,1-TCA |
1,1,1-TCA/TCE |
1,1,1-TCA |
TCE |
TCE |
|
Estimated release volume (liters) |
Unknown |
Up to 420,000 |
Unknown |
79,000 to 200,000 |
More than 800,000 |
|
Dye-trace data available (Yes/No) |
No |
No |
No |
No |
No |
|
Site Hydrogeology |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Regolith thickness (meters) |
0.5 to 5 |
11 to 20 |
3 |
Less than 1.5 |
15 to 30 |
|
Bedrock: Limestone (L), Dolomite (D), Shale (S) |
D/L/S |
D |
S |
L/S |
D |
|
Average depth to water (meters) |
1 to 9 |
Perched |
0.3 to 2 |
Varies |
10 to 40 |
|
Fracture flow (Yes/No) |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
|
Karst features |
Springs |
Sinks, springs |
None |
Springs, seeps |
Springs |
|
Contaminant Characteristics |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Highest soil concentration (mg/kg) |
1,1,1-TCA 1.1 |
TCE 4.1 |
1,1,1-TCA 4.58 |
TCE 5.34 |
Not detected |
|
Highest dissolved concentration (mg/L) |
1,1,1-TCA 4.4 |
1,1,1-TCA 0.091 |
1,1,1-TCA 51.8 |
TCE 960 |
TCE 0.29, DCE 0.31 |
|
Measured dissolved horizontal extent (meters) |
37 x 46 |
490 x 240 |
90 x 30 |
550 x 335 |
150 |
|
Measured dissolved vertical extent (meters) |
13 |
26 |
3 |
108 |
54 |
|
Potential for DNAPL occurrence (U.S. EPA, 1992b) |
High/moderate |
High/moderate |
High/moderate |
Confirmed |
High/moderate |
|
DNAPL observed (Yes/No) |
No |
No |
No |
Yes |
No |
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