FIRE and MUD: Eruptions and Lahars of Mount Pinatubo, Philippines

CONTENTS

FOREWORD, PREFACE, ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

VOLCANIC DRAMA,
HUMAN DRAMA
Overview of the eruptions
    Edward W. Wolfe and Richard P. Hoblitt

Photographic record of rapid geomorphic change at Mount Pinatubo, 1991-94
    Raymundo S. Punongbayan, Christopher G. Newhall, and Richard P. Hoblitt

Eruption hazard assessments and warnings
    Raymundo S. Punongbayan, Christopher G. Newhall, Ma. Leonila P. Bautista, Delfin Garcia, David H. Harlow, Richard P. Hoblitt, Julio P. Sabit, and Renato U. Solidum

People's response to eruption warning: The Pinatubo experience, 1991-92
    Jean Tayag, Sheila Insauriga, Anne Ringor, and Mel Belo

Assessment and response to lahar hazard around Mount Pinatubo, 1991 to 1993
    Richard J. Janda, Arturo S. Daag, Perla J. Delos Reyes, Christopher G. Newhall, Thomas C. Pierson, Raymundo S. Punongbayan, Kelvin S. Rodolfo, Renato U. Solidum, and Jesse V. Umbal

Responses of Pampanga households to lahar warnings: Lessons from two villages in the Pasig-Potrero River watershed
    Raoul M. Cola

The Mount Pinatubo disaster and the people of Central Luzon
    Cynthia Banzon Bautista
ANCIENT AND
MODERN HISTORY
Eruptive history of Mount Pinatubo
    Christopher G. Newhall, Arturo S. Daag, F.G. Delfin, Jr., Richard P. Hoblitt, John McGeehin, John S. Pallister, Ma. Theresa M. Regalado, Meyer Rubin, Bella S. Tubianosa, Rodolfo A. Tamayo, Jr., and Jesse V. Umbal

Geothermal exploration of the pre-1991 Mount Pinatubo hydrothermal system
    F.G. Delfin, Jr., H.G. Villarosa, D.B. Layugan, V.C. Clemente, M.R. Candelaria, and J.R. Ruaya
GEOPHYSICAL UNREST Installation, operation, and technical specifications of the first Mount Pinatubo telemetered seismic network
    Andrew B. Lockhart, Sergio Marcial, Gemme Ambubuyog, Eduardo P. Laguerta, and John A. Power

A PC-based real-time volcano-monitoring data-acquisition and analysis system
    Thomas L. Murray, John A. Power, Gail Davidson, and Jeffrey N. Marso

A comparison of preeruption real-time seismic amplitude measurements for eruptions at Mount St. Helens, Redoubt Volcano, Mount Spurr, and Mount Pinatubo
    Elliot T. Endo, Thomas L. Murray, and John A. Power

Real-time seismic amplitude measurement (RSAM) and seismic spectral amplitude measurement (SSAM) analyses with the Materials Failure Forecast Method (FFM), June 1991 explosive eruption at Mount Pinatubo
    Reinold R. Cornelius and Barry Voight

Preliminary observations of seismicity at Mount Pinatubo by use of the Seismic Spectral Amplitude Measurement (SSAM) system, May 13-June 18, 1991
    John A. Power, Thomas L. Murray, Jeffrey N. Marso, and Eduardo P. Laguerta

Precursory seismicity and forecasting of the June 15, 1991, eruption of Mount Pinatubo
    David H. Harlow, John A. Power, Eduardo P. Laguerta, Gemme Ambubuyog, Randall A. White, and Richard P. Hoblitt

Precursory deep long-period earthquakes at Mount Pinatubo: Spatio-temporal link to a basalt trigger
    Randall A. White

Ground deformation prior to the 1991 eruptions of Mount Pinatubo
    J.W. Ewert, Andrew B. Lockhart, Sergio Marcial, and Gemme Ambubuyog

Volcanic earthquakes following the 1991 climactic eruption of Mount Pinatubo: Strong seismicity during a waning eruption
    Jim Mori, Randall A. White, David H. Harlow, P. Okubo, John A. Power, Richard P. Hoblitt, Eduardo P. Laguerta, Angelito Lanuza, and Bartolome C. Bautista

Relationship of regional and local structures to Mount Pinatubo activity
    Bartolome C. Bautista, Ma. Leonila P. Bautista, Ross S. Stein, Edito S. Barcelona, Raymundo S. Punongbayan, Eduardo P. Laguerta, Ariel R. Rasdas, Gemme Ambubuyog, and Erlinda Q. Amin

Three-dimensional velocity structure at Mount Pinatubo: Resolving magma bodies and earthquake hypocenters
    Jim Mori, Donna Eberhart-Phillips, and David H. Harlow

Computer visualization of earthquake hypocenters
    Richard P. Hoblitt, Jim Mori, and John A. Power

Seismicity and magmatic resurgence at Mount Pinatubo in 1992
    Emmanuel G. Ramos, Eduardo P. Laguerta, and Michael W. Hamburger
A VOLATILE SYSTEM Monitoring sulfur dioxide emission at Mount Pinatubo
    Arturo S. Daag, Bella S. Tubianosa, Christopher G. Newhall, Norman M. Tuñgol, Dindo Javier, Michael T. Dolan, Perla J. Delos Reyes, Ronaldo A. Arboleda, Ma. Mylene L. Martinez, and Ma. Theresa M. Regalado

Preeruption vapor in magma of the climactic Mount Pinatubo eruption: Source of the giant stratospheric sulfur dioxide cloud
    Terrence M. Gerlach, Henry R. Westrich, and Robert B. Symonds

Evolution of a small crater lake at Mount Pinatubo
    Nora R. Campita, Arturo S. Daag, Christopher G. Newhall, Gary L. Rowe, and Renato U. Solidum
OBSERVATIONS AND RECONSTRUCTIONS:
THE 1991-92 ERUPTIONS
The west-side story: Observations of the 1991 Mount Pinatubo eruptions from the west
    Julio P. Sabit, Ronald C. Pigtain, and Edwin G. de la Cruz

The preclimactic eruptions of Mount Pinatubo, June 1991
    Richard P. Hoblitt, Edward W. Wolfe, William E. Scott, Marvin R. Couchman, John S. Pallister, and Dindo Javier

Tephra falls of the 1991 eruptions of Mount Pinatubo
    Ma. Lynn O. Paladio-Melosantos, Renato U. Solidum, William E. Scott, Rowena B. Quiambao, Jesse V. Umbal, Kelvin S. Rodolfo, Bella S. Tubianosa, Perla J. Delos Reyes, Rosalito A. Alonso, and Hernulfo B. Ruelo

Dispersal of the 1991 Pinatubo tephra in the South China Sea
    Martin G. Wiesner and Yubo Wang

Pyroclastic flows of the June 15, 1991, climactic eruption of Mount Pinatubo
    William E. Scott, Richard P. Hoblitt, Ronnie C. Torres, Stephen Self, Ma. Mylene L. Martinez, and Timoteo Nillos, Jr.

Preeruption and posteruption digital-terrain models of Mount Pinatubo
    John W. Jones and Christopher G. Newhall

Volume estimation of tephra-fall deposits from the June 15, 1991, eruption of Mount Pinatubo by theoretical and geological methods
    Takehiro Koyaguchi

Infrasonic and acoustic-gravity waves generated by the Mount Pinatubo eruption of June 15, 1991
    Makoto Tahira, Masahiro Nomura, Yosihiro Sawada, and Kosuke Kamo

Worldwide observation of bichromatic long-period Rayleigh waves excited during the June 15, 1991, eruption of Mount Pinatubo
    W. Zurn and R. Widmer

Meteorological observations of the 1991 Mount Pinatubo eruption
    J. Scott Oswalt, William Nichols, and John F. O'Hara

Mount Pinatubo: A satellite perspective of the June 1991 eruptions
    James S. Lynch and George Stephens

Growth of a postclimactic lava dome at Mount Pinatubo, July-October 1992
    Arturo S. Daag, Michael T. Dolan, Eduardo P. Laguerta, Gregory P. Meeker, Christopher G. Newhall, John S. Pallister, and Renato U. Solidum

Secondary pyroclastic flows from the June 15, 1991, ignimbrite of Mount Pinatubo
    Ronnie C. Torres, Stephen Self, and Ma. Mylene L. Martinez
A STORY IN THE ROCKS Changing proportions of two pumice types from the June 15, 1991, eruption of Mount Pinatubo
    Carlos Primo C. David, Rosella G. Dulce, Dymphna D. Nolasco-Javier, Lawrence R. Zamoras, Ferdinand T. Jumawan, and Christopher G. Newhall

Magma mixing at Mount Pinatubo: Petrographic and chemical evidence from the 1991 deposits
    John S. Pallister, Richard P. Hoblitt, Gregory P. Meeker, Roy J. Knight, and David F. Siems

Mineral and glass compositions in June 15, 1991, pumices: Evidence for dynamic disequilibrium in the dacite of Mount Pinatubo
    James F. Luhr and William G. Melson

Preeruption pressure-temperature conditions and volatiles in the 1991 dacitic magma of Mount Pinatubo
    Malcolm J. Rutherford and Joseph D. Devine

Petrology and geochemistry of the 1991 eruption products of Mount Pinatubo
    Alain Bernard, Ulrich Knittel, Bernd Weber, Dominique Weis, Achim Albrecht, Keiko Hattori, Jeffrey Klein, and Dietmar Oles

Petrology and Sr, Nd, and Pb isotopic geochemistry of Mount Pinatubo volcanic rocks
    Paterno R. Castillo and Raymundo S. Punongbayan

Occurrence and origin of sulfide and sulfate in the 1991 Mount Pinatubo eruption products
    Keiko Hattori

Sulfur isotopic systematics of the June 1991 Mount Pinatubo eruptions: A SHRIMP ion microprobe study
    Michael A. McKibben, C. Stewart Eldridge, and Agnes G. Reyes

Anhydrite-bearing pumices from the June 15, 1991, eruption of Mount Pinatubo: Geochemistry, mineralogy, and petrology
    John Fournelle, Rebecca Carmody, and Arturo S. Daag

Highly oxidized and sulfur-rich dacitic magma of Mount Pinatubo: Implication for metallogenesis of porphyry copper mineralization in the western Luzon arc
    Akira Imai, Eddie L. Listanco, and Toshitsugu Fujii

Relative timing of fluid and anhydrite saturation: Another consideration in the sulfur budget of the Mount Pinatubo eruption
    Jill Dill Pasteris, Brigitte Wopenka, Alian Wang, and Teresa N. Harris
LAHARS, LAHARS, AND MORE LAHARS Watershed disturbance and lahars on the east side of Mount Pinatubo during the mid-June 1991 eruptions
    Jon J. Major, Richard J. Janda, and Arturo S. Daag

Flow and deposition of posteruption hot lahars on the east side of Mount Pinatubo, July-October 1991
    Thomas C. Pierson, Arturo S. Daag, Perla J. Delos Reyes, Ma. Theresa M. Regalado, Renato U. Solidum, and Bella S. Tubianosa

The 1991 lahars of southwestern Mount Pinatubo and evolution of the lahar-dammed Mapanuepe Lake
    Jesse V. Umbal and Kelvin S. Rodolfo

Channel and sedimentation responses to large volumes of 1991 volcanic deposits on the east flank of Mount Pinatubo
    Kevin M. Scott, Richard J. Janda, Edwin G. de la Cruz, Elmer Gabinete, Ismael Eto, Manuel Isada, Manuel Sexon, and Kevin C. Hadley

Two years of lahars on the western flank of Mount Pinatubo: Initiation, flow processes, deposits, and attendant geomorphic and hydraulic changes
    Kelvin S. Rodolfo, Jesse V. Umbal, Rosalito A. Alonso, Cristina T. Remotigue, Ma. Lynn Paladio-Melosantos, Jerry H.G. Salvador, Digna Evangelista, and Yvonne Miller

Instrumental lahar monitoring at Mount Pinatubo
    Sergio Marcial, Arnaldo A. Melosantos, Kevin C. Hadley, Richard G. LaHusen, and Jeffrey N. Marso

Rainfall, acoustic flow monitor records, and observed lahars of the Sacobia River in 1992
    Norman M. Tuñgol and Ma. Theresa M. Regalado

Observations of 1992 lahars along the Sacobia-Bamban River system
    Ma. Mylene L. Martinez, Ronaldo A. Arboleda, Perla J. Delos Reyes, Elmer Gabinete, and Michael T. Dolan

1992 lahars in the Pasig-Potrero River system
    Ronaldo A. Arboleda and Ma. Mylene L. Martinez
SELECTED IMPACTS Building damage caused by the Mount Pinatubo eruption of June 15, 1991
    Robin J.S. Spence, Antonios Pomonis, Peter J. Baxter, Andrew W. Coburn, Mark White, Manuel Dayrit, and Field Epidemiology Training Program Team

Socioeconomic impacts of the Mount Pinatubo eruption
    Remigio A. Mercado, Jay Bertram T. Lacsamana, and Greg L. Pineda

The 1991 Pinatubo eruptions and their effects on aircraft operations
    Thomas J. Casadevall, Perla J. Delos Reyes, and David J. Schneider

The atmospheric impact of the 1991 Mount Pinatubo eruption
    Stephen Self, Jing-Xia Zhao, Rick E. Holasek, Ronnie C. Torres, and Alan J. King

AUTHORS AND THEIR AFFILIATIONS

FIRE and MUD

PHIVOLCS | University of Washington Press | U.S.Geological Survey
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Contact: Chris Newhall
Last updated 06.04.99