Water Quality in the Western Lake Michigan Drainages, Wisconsin and Michigan, 1992-95
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SUMMARY OF COMPOUND DETECTIONS AND CONCENTRATIONS
The following tables summarize data collected for NAWQA studies from 1992-95 by showing results for the Western Lake Michigan Drainages Study Unit compared to the NAWQA national range for each compound detected. The data were collected at a wide variety of places and times. In order to represent the wide concentration ranges observed among Study Units, logarithmic scales are used to emphasize the general magnitude of concentrations (such as 10, 100, or 1,000), rather than the precise number. The complete dataset used to construct these tables is available upon request.
Water samples: Compounds detected || Compounds not detected
Fish tissue and bed sediment samples: Compounds detected || Compounds not detected
Concentrations of herbicides, insecticides, volatile organic compounds, and nutrients detected in ground and surface waters of the Western Lake Michigan Drainages Study Unit.
[mg/L, milligrams per liter; µg/L, micrograms per liter; pCi/L, picocuries per liter; %, percent; <, less than; - -, not measured; trade names may vary]
EXPLANATION
 |
Freshwater-chronic criterion for the protection of aquatic life a
Drinking water standard or guideline a
Range of surface-water detections in all 20 NAWQA Study Units
Range of ground-water detections in all 20 NAWQA Study Units
Detection in the Western Lake Michigan Drainages Study Unit
|
Herbicide
(Trade or common name) |
Rate
of
detec-
tionb |
Concentration, in µg/L
|
|
Acetochlor
|
27%
0% |
|
|
Alachlor (Lasso)
|
46%
1% |
|
|
2,6-Diethylaniline (Alachlor metabolite)
|
0%
<1% |
|
|
Atrazine (AAtrex, Gesaprim)
|
99%
34% |
|
|
Desethylatrazinec (Atrazine metabolite)
|
92%
47% |
|
|
Benfluralin (Balan, Benefin, Bonalan)
|
<1%
0% |
|
|
Bentazon (Basagran, bentazone)
|
4%
0% |
|
|
Butylate (Sutan, Genate Plus, butilate)
|
1%
0% |
|
|
Cyanazine (Bladex, Fortrol)
|
76%
1% |
|
|
2,4-D (2,4-PA)
|
4%
0% |
|
|
DCPA (Dacthal, chlorthal-dimethyl)
|
<1%
<1% |
|
|
Dacthal, mono-acid (Dacthal metabolite)
|
1%
0% |
|
|
Dicamba (Banvel, Mediben, MDBA)
|
1%
0% |
|
|
Diuron (Karmex, Direx, DCMU)
|
3%
0% |
|
|
Herbicide
(Trade or common name) |
Rate
of
detec-
tionb |
Concentration, in µg/L
|
|
EPTC (Eptam)
|
34%
0% |
|
|
Metolachlor (Dual, Pennant)
|
65%
3% |
|
|
Metribuzin (Lexone, Sencor)
|
9%
0% |
|
|
Pebulate (Tillam)
|
<1%
0% |
|
|
Pendimethalin (Prowl, Stomp)
|
5%
0% |
|
|
Prometon (Gesagram, prometone)
|
46%
4% |
|
|
Propachlor (Ramrod, propachlore)
|
<1%
0% |
|
|
Simazine (Aquazine, Princep, GEsatop)
|
82%
4% |
|
|
Tebuthiuron (Spike, Perflan)
|
5%
1% |
|
|
Terbacilc (Sinbar)
|
1%
0% |
|
|
Triallate (Far-Go)
|
0%
<1% |
|
|
Triclopyr (Garlon, Grazon, Crossbow)
|
1%
0% |
|
|
Trifluralin (Treflan, Trinin, Elancolan)
|
<1%
0% |
|
|
Insecticide
(Trade or common name) |
Rate
of
detec-
tionb |
Concentration, in µg/L
|
|
Carbarylc (Sevin, Savit)
|
7%
0% |
|
|
Carbofuranc (Furadan, Curaterr)
|
6%
1% |
|
Chlorpyrifos (Dursban, Lorsban)
|
1%
0% |
|
|
p,p'-DDE (p,p'-DDT metabolite)
|
<1%
<1% |
|
|
Diazinon
|
5%
0% |
|
|
Dieldrin (Panoram D-31, Octalox)
|
1%
0% |
|
|
Insecticide
(Trade or common name) |
Rate
of
detec-
tionb |
Concentration, in µg/L
|
|
Fonofos (Dyfonate)
|
5%
0% |
|
|
gamma-HCH
|
1%
0% |
|
|
Malathion (maldison, malathon, Cythion)
|
2%
0% |
|
|
Methyl parathion (Penncap-M)
|
<1%
0% |
|
|
Phorate (Thimet, Rampart)
|
2%
0% |
|
|
Propargite (Comite, Omite, BPPS)
|
<1%
0% |
|
|
Volatile Organic Compound
(Trade or common name) |
Rate
of
detec-
tionb |
Concentration, in µg/L
|
|
total Trihalomethanes
|
--
2% |
|
Nutrient
(Trade or common name) |
Rate
of
detec-
tionb |
Concentration, in µg/L
|
|
Dissolved ammonia
|
92%
86% |
|
|
Dissolved ammonia plus organic nitrogen as nitrogen
|
95%
45% |
|
|
Nutrient
(Trade or common name) |
Rate
of
detec-
tionb |
Concentration, in µg/L
|
|
Dissolved phosphorus as phosphorus
|
80%
48% |
|
|
Dissolved nitrite plus nitrate
|
86%
56% |
|
|
|
Other
(Trade or common name) |
Rate
of
detec-
tionb |
Concentration, in µg/L
|
|
Radon 222
|
--
100% |
|
Herbicides, insecticides, volatile organic compounds, and nutrients not detected in ground and surface waters of the Western Lake Michigan Drainages Study Unit.
Herbicides
2,4,5-T
2,4,5-TP (Silvex, Fenoprop)
2,4-DB (Butyrac, Butoxone, Embutox Plus, Embutone)
Acifluorfen (Blazer, Tackle 2S)
Bromacil (Hyvar X, Urox B, Bromax)
Bromoxynil (Buctril, Brominal)
Chloramben (Amiben, Amilon-WP, Vegiben)
Clopyralid (Stinger, Lontrel, Reclaim, Transline)
Dichlorprop (2,4-DP, Seritox 50, Kildip, Lentemul)
Dinoseb (Dinosebe)
Ethalfluralin (Sonalan, Curbit)
Fenuron (Fenulon, Fenidim)
Fluometuron (Flo-Met, Cotoran, Cottonex, Meturon)
Linuron (Lorox, Linex, Sarclex, Linurex, Afalon)
MCPA (Rhomene, Rhonox, Chiptox)
MCPB (Thistrol)<
Molinate (Ordram)
Napropamide (Devrinol)
Neburon (Neburea, Neburyl, Noruben)
Norflurazon (Evital, Predict, Solicam, Zorial)
Oryzalin (Surflan, Dirimal)
Picloram (Grazon, Tordon)
Pronamide (Kerb, Propyzamid)
Propanil (Stam, Stampede, Wham, Surcopur, Prop-Job)
Propham (Tuberite)
Thiobencarb (Bolero, Saturn, Benthiocarb, Abolish)
Insecticides
3-Hydroxycarbofuran (Carbofuran metabolite)
Aldicarb sulfone (Standak, aldoxycarb, aldicarb metabolite)
Aldicarb sulfoxide (Aldicarb metabolite)
Aldicarb (Temik, Ambush, Pounce)
Azinphos-methyl (Guthion, Gusathion M)
Disulfoton (Disyston, Di-Syston, Frumin AL, Solvirex, Ethylthiodemeton)
Ethoprop (Mocap, Ethoprophos)
alpha-HCH (alpha-BHC, alpha-lindane, alpha-hexachlorocyclohexane, alpha-benzene hexachloride)
Methiocarb (Slug-Geta, Grandslam, Mesurol)
Methomyl (Lanox, Lannate, Acinate)
Oxamyl (Vydate L, Pratt)
Parathion (Roethyl-P, Alkron, Panthion, Phoskil)
cis-Permethrin (Ambush, Astro, Pounce, Pramex, Pertox, Ambushfog, Kafil, Perthrine, Picket, Picket G, Dragnet, Talcord, Outflank, Stockade, Eksmin, Coopex, Peregin, Stomoxin, Stomoxin P, Qamlin, Corsair, Tornade)
Propoxur (Baygon, Blattanex, Unden, Proprotox)
Terbufos (Contraven, Counter, Pilarfox)
Volatile organic compounds
1,1,1,2-Tetrachloroethane (1,1,1,2-TeCA)
1,1,1-Trichloroethane (Methylchloroform)
1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane
1,1,2-Trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane (Freon 113, CFC 113)
1,1,2-Trichloroethane (Vinyl trichloride)
1,1-Dichloroethane (Ethylidene dichloride)
1,1-Dichloroethene (Vinylidene chloride)
1,1-Dichloropropene
1,2,3-Trichlorobenzene (1,2,3-TCB)
1,2,3-Trichloropropane (Allyl trichloride)
1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene
1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene (Pseudocumene)
1,2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane (DBCP, Nemagon)
1,2-Dibromoethane (EDB, Ethylene dibromide)
1,2-Dichlorobenzene (o-Dichlorobenzene, 1,2-DCB)
1,2-Dichloroethane (Ethylene dichloride)
1,2-Dichloropropane (Propylene dichloride)
1,3,5-Trimethylbenzene (Mesitylene)
1,3-Dichlorobenzene (m-Dichlorobenzene)
1,3-Dichloropropane (Trimethylene dichloride)
1,4-Dichlorobenzene (p-Dichlorobenzene, 1,4-DCB)
1-Chloro-2-methylbenzene (o-Chlorotoluene)
1-Chloro-4-methylbenzene (p-Chlorotoluene)
2,2-Dichloropropane
Benzene
Bromobenzene (Phenyl bromide)
Bromochloromethane (Methylene chlorobromide)
Bromomethane (Methyl bromide)
Chlorobenzene (Monochlorobenzene)
Chloroethane (Ethyl chloride)
Chloroethene (Vinyl chloride)
Chloromethane (Methyl chloride)
Dibromomethane (Methylene dibromide)
Dichlorodifluoromethane (CFC 12, Freon 12)
Dichloromethane (Methylene chloride)
Dimethylbenzenes (Xylenes (total))
Ethenylbenzene (Styrene)
Ethylbenzene (Phenylethane)
Hexachlorobutadiene
Isopropylbenzene (Cumene)
Methyl tert-butyl etherd (MTBE)
Methylbenzene (Toluene)
Naphthalene
Tetrachloroethene (Perchloroethene)
Tetrachloromethane (Carbon tetrachloride)
Trichloroethene (TCE)
Trichlorofluoromethane (CFC 11, Freon 11)
cis-1,2-Dichloroethene ((Z)-1,2-Dichloroethene)
cis-1,3-Dichloropropene ((Z)-1,3-Dichloropropene)
n-Butylbenzene (1-Phenylbutane)
n-Propylbenzene (Isocumene)
p-Isopropyltoluene (p-Cymene)
sec-Butylbenzene
tert-Butylbenzene
trans-1,2-Dichloroethene ((E)-1,2-Dichlorothene)
trans-1,3-Dichloropropene ((E)-1,3-Dichloropropene)
Nutrients
Concentrations of semivolatile organic compounds, organochlorine compounds, and trace elements detected in fish tissue and bed sediment of the Western Lake Michigan Drainages Study Unit.
[µg/g, micrograms per gram; µg/kg, micrograms per kilogram; %, percent; <, less than; - -, not measured; trade names may vary]
EXPLANATION
Guideline for the protection of aquatic lifee
 |
Range of detections in fish and clam tissue in all 20 Study Units
Range of detections in bed sediment in all 20 NAWQA Study Units
Detection in bed sediment or fish tissue in the Ozark Plateaus Study Unit
Detection in clam tissue in the Ozark Plateaus Study Unit
|
|---|
Semivolatile
organic compound |
Rate
of
detec-
tionb |
Concentration, in µg/kg
|
|
1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene
|
--
4% |
|
|
1,2-Dichlorobenzene
|
--
17% |
|
|
1,2-Dimethylnaphthalene
|
--
33% |
|
|
1,4-Dichlorobenzene
|
--
21% |
|
|
1,6-Dimethylnaphthalene
|
--
42% |
|
|
1-Methyl-9H-fluorene
|
--
25% |
|
|
1-Methylphenanthrene
|
--
38% |
|
|
1-Methylpyrene
|
--
38% |
|
|
2,2-Biquinoline
|
--
4% |
|
|
2,3,6-Trimethylnaphthalene
|
--
38% |
|
|
2,6-Dimethylnaphthalene
|
--
62% |
|
|
2,6-Dinitrotoluene
|
--
4% |
|
|
2-Ethylnaphthalene
|
--
29% |
|
|
2-Methylanthracene
|
--
29% |
|
|
4,5-Methylenephenanthrene
|
--
29% |
|
|
4-Chloro-3-methyl-
phenol
|
--
4% |
|
|
9H-Carbazole
|
--
33% |
|
|
9H-Fluorene
|
--
42% |
|
|
Acenaphthene
|
--
38% |
|
|
Acenaphthylene
|
--
42% |
|
|
Acridine
|
--
21% |
|
|
Anthracene
|
--
54% |
|
|
Anthraquinone
|
--
29% |
|
|
Benz[ a ]anthracene
|
--
50% |
|
|
Benzo[ a ]pyrene
|
--
50% |
|
|
Semivolatile
organic compound |
Rate
of
detec-
tionb |
Concentration, in µg/kg
|
|
Benzo[ b ]fluoranthene
|
--
54% |
|
|
Benzo[ ghi ]perylene
|
--
46% |
|
|
Benzo[ k ]fluoranthene
|
--
50% |
|
|
Butylbenzylphthalate
|
--
38% |
|
|
C8-Alkylphenol
|
--
13% |
|
|
Chrysene
|
--
50% |
|
|
Di- n -butylphthalate
|
--
75% |
|
|
Di- n -octylphthalate
|
--
13% |
|
|
Dibenz[ a,h ] anthracene
|
--
29% |
|
|
Dibenzothiophene
|
--
38% |
|
|
Diethylphthalate
|
--
42% |
|
|
Dimethylphthalate
|
--
17% |
|
|
Fluoranthene
|
--
58% |
|
|
Indeno[1,2,3- cd ] pyrene
|
--
42% |
|
|
Isoquinoline
|
--
17% |
|
|
Naphthalene
|
--
42% |
|
|
N-Nitrosodi-
phenylamine
|
--
4% |
|
|
Phenanthrene
|
--
58% |
|
|
Phenanthridine
|
--
21% |
|
|
Phenol
|
--
92% |
|
|
Pyrene
|
--
58% |
|
|
Quinoline
|
--
21% |
|
|
bis(2-Ethylhexyl)phthalate
|
--
75% |
|
|
p-Cresol
|
--
79% |
|
|
Organochlorine
compound
(Trade name) |
Rate
of
detec-
tionb |
Concentration, in µg/kg
|
|
total-Chlordane
|
11%
8% |
|
|
p,p'-DDE
|
61%
33% |
|
|
total-DDT
|
61%
33% |
|
|
Dieldrin (Panoram D-31, Octalox)
|
6%
8% |
|
|
Heptachlor epoxide
|
6%
0% |
|
|
Hexachlorobenzene
|
6%
-- |
|
|
PCB, total
|
28%
25% |
|
|
|
Trace
element |
Rate
of
detec-
tionb |
Concentration, in µg/g
|
|
Arsenic
|
33%
100% |
|
|
Cadmium
|
33%
97% |
|
|
Chromium
|
83%
100% |
|
|
Copper
|
100%
97% |
|
|
Lead
|
0%
100% |
|
|
Mercury
|
50%
88% |
|
|
Nickel
|
17%
100% |
|
|
Selenium
|
100%
100% |
|
|
Zinc
|
100%
100% |
|
|
Semivolatile organic compounds, organochlorine compounds, and trace elements not detected in fish tissue and bed sediment of the Western Lake Michigan Drainages Study Unit.
Semivolatile organic compounds
1,3-Dichlorobenzene (m-Dichlorobenzene)
2,4-Dinitrotoluene
2-Chloronaphthalene
2-Chlorophenol
3,5-Dimethylphenol
4-Bromophenyl-phenylether
4-Chlorophenyl-phenylether
Azobenzene
Benzo [c] cinnoline
Isophorone
N-Nitrosodi-n-propylamine
Nitrobenzene
Pentachloronitrobenzene
bis (2-Chloroethoxy)methane
Organochlorine compounds
Aldrin (HHDN, Octalene)
Chloroneb (chloronebe, Demosan, Soil Fungicide 1823)
DCPA (Dacthal, chlorthal-dimethyl)
Endosulfan I (alpha-Endosulfan, Thiodan, Cyclodan, Beosit, Malix, Thimul, Thifor)
Endrin (Endrine)
Heptachlor (Heptachlore, Velsicol 104)
Isodrin (Isodrine, Compound 711)
Mirex (Dechlorane)
Pentachloroanisole (PCA, pentachlorophenol metabolite)
Toxaphene (Camphechlor, Hercules 3956)
alpha-HCH (alpha-BHC, alpha-lindane, alpha-hexachlorocyclohexane, alpha-benzene hexachloride)
beta-HCH (beta-BHC, beta-hexachlorocyclohexane, alpha-benzene hexachloride)
cis-Permethrin (Ambush, Astro, Pounce, Pramex, Pertox, Ambushfog, Kafil, Perthrine, Picket, Picket G, Dragnet, Talcord, Outflank, Stockade, Eksmin, Coopex, Peregin, Stomoxin, Stomoxin P, Qamlin, Corsair, Tornade)
delta-HCH (delta-BHC, delta-hexachlorocyclohexane, delta-benzene hexachloride)
gamma-HCH (Lindane, gamma-BHC, Gammexane, Gexane, Soprocide, gamma-benzene hexachloride, gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane, gamma-benzene)
o,p'-Methoxychlor
p,p'-Methoxychlor (Marlate, methoxychlore)
trans-Permethrin (Ambush, Astro, Pounce, Pramex, Pertox, Ambushfog, Kafil, Perthrine, Picket, Picket G, Dragnet, Talcord, Outflank, Stockade, Eksmin, Coopex, Peregin, Stomoxin, Stomoxin P, Qamlin, Corsair, Tornade)
Trace elements
a. Selected water-quality standards and guidelines (Gilliom and others, in press).
b. Rates of detection are based on the number of analyses and detections in the Study Unit, not on national data. Rates of detection for herbicides and insecticides were computed by only counting detections equal to or greater than 0.01 µg/L in order to facilitate equal comparisons among compounds, which had widely varying detection limits. For herbicides and insecticides, a detection rate of "<1%" means that all detections are less than 0.01 µg/L, or the detection rate rounds to less than 1 percent. For other compound groups, all detections were counted and minimum detection limits for most compounds were similar to the lower end of the national ranges shown. Method detection limits for all compounds in these tables are summarized in (Gilliom and others, in press).
c. Detections of these compounds are reliable, but concentrations are determined with greater uncertainty than for the other compounds and are reported as estimated values (Zaugg and others, 1995).
d. The guideline for methyl tert-butyl ether is between 20 and 40 µg/L; if the tentative cancer classification C is accepted, the lifetime health advisory will be 20 µg/L (Gilliom and others, in press).
e. Selected sediment-quality guidelines (Gilliom and others, in press).
U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1156
Table of contents || Previous section || Next section || Glossary
Suggested citation:
C. A. Peters, D. M. Robertson, D. A. Saad, D. J. Sullivan, B. C. Scudder, F. A. Fitzpatrick, K. D. Richards, J. S. Stewart, S. A. Fitzgerald, and B. N. Lenz, 1998, U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1156, on line at <URL: https://water.usgs.gov/pubs/circ1156>, updated June 11, 1998