Water Quality in the Ozark Plateaus, Arkansas, Kansas, Missouri, and Oklahoma, 1992-95

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Summary of Compound Detections and Concentrations

The following tables summarize data collected for NAWQA studies during 1992-1995 by showing results for the Ozark Plateaus Study Unit compared to the NAWQA national range for each compound detected. The data were collected at a wide variety of places and times. In order to represent the wide concentration ranges observed among Study Units, logarithmic scales are used to emphasize the general magnitude of concentrations (such as 10, 100, or 1,000), rather than the precise number. The complete dataset used to construct these tables is available upon request. These tables were designed and compiled by Sarah Ryker, Jonathon Scott, and Alan Haggland, U. S. Geological Survey.

Water samples: Compounds detected || Compounds not detected

Fish and clam tissue and bed sediment samples: Compounds detected || Compounds not detected

Concentrations of herbicides, insecticides, volatile organic compounds, and nutrients detected in ground and surface waters of the Ozark Plateaus Study Unit

[mg/L, milligrams per liter; µg/L, micrograms per liter; pCi/L, picocuries per liter; %, percent; <, less than;--, not measured; trade names may vary]

EXPLANATION

	Freshwater-chronic criterion for the protection of aquatic life ^a Drinking water standard or guideline ^a Range of surface-water detections in all 20 NAWQA Study Units Range of ground-water detections in all 20 NAWQA Study Units Detection in the Ozark Plateaus Study Unit

Herbicide (Trade or common name)	Rate of detec- tion^b	Concentration, in µg/L
Alachlor (Lasso)	1% 0%
Atrazine (AAtrex, Gesaprim)	21% 3%
Deethylatrazine^c (Atrazine metabolite)	3% 3%
Benfluralin (Balan, Benefin, Bonalan)	<1% <1%
Bentazon (Basagran, bentazone)	0% 1%
Bromacil (Hyvar X, Urox B, Bromax)	1% 0%
Butylate (Sutan, Genate Plus, butilate)	1% 0%
Cyanazine (Bladex, Fortrol)	1% 0%
2,4-D (2,4-PA)	2% 0%
DCPA (Dacthal, chlorthal-dimethyl)	<1% <1%
Diuron (Karmex, Direx, DCMU)	0% 1%

Herbicide (Trade or common name)	Rate of detec- tion^b	Concentration, in µg/L
EPTC (Eptam)	<1% 0%
Metolachlor (Dual, Pennant)	1% 1%
Molinate (Ordram)	1% 0%
Prometon (Gesagram, prometone)	6% 7%
Propanil (Stampede, Surcopur)	<1% 1%
Simazine (Aquazine, Princep, GEsatop)	5% 3%
Tebuthiuron (Spike, Perflan)	8% 6%
Terbacil^c (Sinbar)	<1% 0%
Thiobencarb (Bolero, Saturn, benthiocarb)	<1% 0%
Trifluralin (Treflan, Trinin, Elancolan)	<1% <1%

Insecticide (Trade or common name)	Rate of detec- tion^b	Concentration, in µg/L
Carbaryl^c (Sevin, Savit)	1% 1%
Carbofuran^c (Furadan, Curaterr)	1% 0%
Chlorpyrifos (Dursban, Lorsban)	<1% 1%
p,p'-DDE (p,p'-DDT metabolite)	<1% <1%
Diazinon	2% 0%

Insecticide (Trade or common name)	Rate of detec- tion^b	Concentration, in µg/L
Dieldrin (Panoram D-31, Octalox)	<1% 1%
gamma-HCH	0% 1%
cis-Permethrin^c (Ambush, Pounce)	<1% 0%
Propargite (Comite, Omite, BPPS)	0% <1%

Volatile organic compound (Trade or common name)	Rate of detec- tion^b	Concentration, in µg/L
1,1,2-Trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane (Freon 113, CFC 113)	-- 2%
Dichloromethane (Methylene chloride)	-- 2%
Methylbenzene (Toluene)	-- 6%
total Trihalomethanes	-- 13%

Volatile organic compound
(Trade or common name)

Rate
of
detec-
tion^b

Concentration, in µg/L

Tetrachloroethene (Perchloroethene)

--
2%

Nutrient (Trade or common name)	Rate of detec- tion^b	Concentration, in mg/L
Dissolved ammonia as nitrogen	67% 79%
Dissolved ammonia plus organic nitrogen as nitrogen	12% 3%
Dissolved phosphorus as phosphorus	51% 44%
Dissolved nitrite plus nitrate as nitrogen	81% 86%

Other
(Trade or common name)

Rate of
detec-
tion^b

Concentration, in pCi/L

Radon 222

100%

Herbicides, insecticides, volatile organic compounds, and nutrients not detected in ground and surface waters of the Ozark Plateaus Study Unit.

Herbicides

2,4,5-T
2,4,5-TP (Silvex, Fenoprop)
2,4-DB (Butyrac, Butoxone, Embutox Plus, Embutone)
2,6-Diethylaniline (Metabolite of Alachlor)
Acetochlor (Harness Plus, Surpass)
Acifluorfen (Blazer, Tackle 2S)
Bromoxynil (Buctril, Brominal)
Chloramben (Amiben, Amilon-WP, Vegiben)
Clopyralid (Stinger, Lontrel, Reclaim, Transline)
Dacthal mono-acid (Dacthal metabolite)
Dicamba (Banvel, Dianat, Scotts Proturf)
Dichlorprop (2,4-DP, Seritox 50, Kildip, Lentemul)
Dinoseb (Dinosebe)
Ethalfluralin (Sonalan, Curbit)
Fenuron (Fenulon, Fenidim)
Fluometuron (Flo-Met, Cotoran, Cottonex, Meturon)
Linuron (Lorox, Linex, Sarclex, Linurex, Afalon)
MCPA (Rhomene, Rhonox, Chiptox)
MCPB (Thistrol)
Metribuzin (Lexone, Sencor)
Napropamide (Devrinol)
Neburon (Neburea, Neburyl, Noruben)
Norflurazon (Evital, Predict, Solicam, Zorial)
Oryzalin (Surflan, Dirimal)
Pebulate (Tillam, PEBC)
Pendimethalin (Pre-M, Prowl, Weedgrass Control, Stomp, Herbadox)
Picloram (Grazon, Tordon)
Pronamide (Kerb, Propyzamid)
Propachlor (Ramrod, Satecid)
Propham (Tuberite)
Triallate (Far-Go, Avadex BW, Tri-allate)
Triclopyr (Garlon, Grandstand, Redeem, Remedy)

Insecticides

3-Hydroxycarbofuran (Carbofuran metabolite)
Aldicarb sulfone (Standak, aldoxycarb, aldicarb metabolite)
Aldicarb sulfoxide (Aldicarb metabolite)
Aldicarb (Temik, Ambush, Pounce)
Azinphos-methyl (Guthion, Gusathion M)
Disulfoton (Disyston, Di-Syston, Frumin AL, Solvirex, Ethylthiodemeton)
Ethoprop (Mocap, Ethoprophos)
Fonofos (Dyfonate, Capfos, Cudgel, Tycap)
Malathion (Malathion)
Methiocarb (Slug-Geta, Grandslam, Mesurol)
Methomyl (Lanox, Lannate, Acinate)
Methyl parathion (Penncap-M, Folidol-M, Metacide, Bladan M)
Oxamyl (Vydate L, Pratt)
Parathion (Roethyl-P, Alkron, Panthion, Phoskil)
Phorate (Thimet, Granutox, Geomet, Rampart)
Propoxur (Baygon, Blattanex, Unden, Proprotox)
Terbufos (Contraven, Counter, Pilarfox)
alpha-HCH (alpha-BHC, alpha-lindane, alpha-hexachlorocyclohexane, alpha-benzene hexachloride)

Volatile organic compounds

1,1,1,2-Tetrachloroethane (1,1,1,2-TeCA)
1,1,1-Trichloroethane (Methylchloroform)
1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane
1,1,2-Trichloroethane (Vinyl trichloride)
1,1-Dichloroethane (Ethylidene dichloride)
1,1-Dichloroethene (Vinylidene chloride)
1,1-Dichloropropene
1,2,3-Trichlorobenzene (1,2,3-TCB)
1,2,3-Trichloropropane (Allyl trichloride)
1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene
1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene (Pseudocumene)
1,2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane (DBCP, Nemagon)
1,2-Dibromoethane (EDB, Ethylene dibromide)
1,2-Dichlorobenzene (o-Dichlorobenzene, 1,2-DCB)
1,2-Dichloroethane (Ethylene dichloride)
1,2-Dichloropropane (Propylene dichloride)
1,3,5-Trimethylbenzene (Mesitylene)
1,3-Dichlorobenzene (m-Dichlorobenzene)
1,3-Dichloropropane (Trimethylene dichloride)
1,4-Dichlorobenzene (p-Dichlorobenzene, 1,4-DCB)
1-Chloro-2-methylbenzene (o-Chlorotoluene)
1-Chloro-4-methylbenzene (p-Chlorotoluene)
2,2-Dichloropropane
Benzene
Bromobenzene (Phenyl bromide)
Bromochloromethane (Methylene chlorobromide)
Bromomethane (Methyl bromide)
Chlorobenzene (Monochlorobenzene)
Chloroethane (Ethyl chloride)
Chloroethene (Vinyl chloride)
Chloromethane (Methyl chloride)
Dibromomethane (Methylene dibromide)
Dichlorodifluoromethane (CFC 12, Freon 12)
Dimethylbenzenes (Xylenes (total))
Ethenylbenzene (Styrene)
Ethylbenzene (Phenylethane)
Hexachlorobutadiene
Isopropylbenzene (Cumene)
Methyl tert-butyl ether^d (MTBE)
Naphthalene
Tetrachloromethane (Carbon tetrachloride)
Trichloroethene (TCE)
Trichlorofluoromethane (CFC 11, Freon 11)
cis-1,2-Dichloroethene ((Z)-1,2-Dichloroethene)
cis-1,3-Dichloropropene ((Z)-1,3-Dichloropropene)
n-Butylbenzene (1-Phenylbutane)
n-Propylbenzene (Isocumene)
p-Isopropyltoluene (p-Cymene)
sec-Butylbenzene
tert-Butylbenzene
trans-1,2-Dichloroethene ((E)-1,2-Dichlorothene)
trans-1,3-Dichloropropene ((E)-1,3-Dichloropropene)

Nutrients

No non-detects

Concentrations of semivolatile organic compounds, organochlorine compounds, and trace elements detected in fish and clam tissue and bed sediment of the Ozark Plateaus Study Unit.

[µg/g, micrograms per gram; µg/kg, micrograms per kilogram; %, percent; <, less than; --, not measured; trade names may vary]

EXPLANATION

	Guideline for the protection of aquatic life^e Range of detections in fish and clam tissue in all 20 Study Units Range of detections in bed sediment in all 20 NAWQA Study Units Detection in bed sediment or fish tissue in the Ozark Plateaus Study Unit Detection in clam tissue in the Ozark Plateaus Study Unit

Semivolatile organic compound	Rate of detec- tion^b	Concentration, in µg/kg
1,2-Dimethylnaphthalene	-- 7%
1,6-Dimethylnaphthalene	-- 21%
1-Methyl-9H-fluorene	-- 3%
1-Methylphenanthrene	-- 17%
1-Methylpyrene	-- 7%
2,3,6-Trimethylnaphthalene	-- 14%
2,6-Dimethylnaphthalene	-- 41%
2,6-Dinitrotoluene	-- 3%
2-Ethylnaphthalene	-- 10%
2-Methylanthracene	-- 7%
4,5-Methylenephenanthrene	-- 7%
4-Bromophenyl-phenylether	-- 3%
4-Chloro-3-methylphenol	-- 3%
4-Chlorophenyl-phenylether	-- 3%
9H-Carbazole	-- 3%
9H-Fluorene	-- 7%
Acenaphthene	-- 7%
Acenaphthylene	-- 3%
Anthracene	-- 14%
Anthraquinone	-- 3%
Azobenzene	-- 3%

Semivolatile organic compound	Rate of detec- tion^b	Concentration, in µg/kg
Benz[ a ]anthracene	-- 28%
Benzo[ a ]pyrene	-- 14%
Benzo[ b ]fluoranthene	-- 28%
Benzo[ ghi ]perylene	-- 3%
Benzo[ k ]fluoranthene	-- 28%
Butylbenzylphthalate	-- 62%
Chrysene	-- 34%
Di- n -butylphthalate	-- 100%
Di- n -octylphthalate	-- 10%
Dibenz[ a,h ] anthracene	-- 3%
Dibenzothiophene	-- 10%
Diethylphthalate	-- 24%
Dimethylphthalate	-- 3%
Fluoranthene	-- 41%
Indeno[1,2,3- cd ] pyrene	-- 14%
N-Nitrosodiphenylamine	-- 7%
Nitrobenzene	-- 3%
Phenanthrene	-- 31%
Phenol	-- 72%
Pyrene	-- 41%
bis(2-Ethylhexyl)phthalate	-- 97%
p-Cresol	-- 52%

Organochlorine compound (Trade name)	Rate of detec- tion^b	Concentration, in µg/kg
total-Chlordane	3% 3%
p,p'-DDE	6% 0%
total-DDT	10% 0%
Dieldrin (Panoram D-31, Octalox)	3% 0%

Trace element	Rate of detec- tion^b	Concentration, in µg/g
Arsenic	93% 100%
Cadmium	97% 100%
Chromium	90% 100%
Copper	100% 100%
Lead	30% 100%
Mercury	60% 79%
Nickel	83% 100%
Selenium	87% 100%
Zinc	100% 100%

Semivolatile organic compounds, organochlorine compounds, and trace elements not detected in fish and clam tissue and bed sediment of the Ozark Plateaus Study Unit.

Semivolatile organic compounds

1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene
1,2-Dichlorobenzene (o-Dichlorobenzene, 1,2-DCB)
1,3-Dichlorobenzene (m-Dichlorobenzene)
1,4-Dichlorobenzene (p-Dichlorobenzene, 1,4-DCB)
2,2-Biquinoline
2,4-Dinitrotoluene
2-Chloronaphthalene
2-Chlorophenol
3,5-Dimethylphenol
Acridine
Benzo [c] cinnoline
C8-Alkylphenol
Isophorone
Isoquinoline
N-Nitrosodi-n-propylamine
Naphthalene
Pentachloronitrobenzene
Phenanthridine
Quinoline
bis(2-Chloroethoxy)methane

Organochlorine compounds

Aldrin (HHDN, Octalene)
Chloroneb (chloronebe, Demosan, Soil Fungicide 1823)
DCPA (Dacthal, chlorthal-dimethyl)
Endosulfan I (alpha-Endosulfan, Thiodan, Cyclodan, Beosit, Malix, Thimul, Thifor)
Endrin (Endrine)
Heptachlor epoxide (Heptachlor metabolite)
Heptachlor (Heptachlore, Velsicol 104)
Hexachlorobenzene (HCB)
Isodrin (Isodrine, Compound 711)
Mirex (Dechlorane)
PCB, total
Pentachloroanisole (PCA, pentachlorophenol metabolite)
Toxaphene (Camphechlor, Hercules 3956)
alpha-HCH (alpha-BHC, alpha-lindane, alpha-hexachlorocyclohexane, alpha-benzene hexachloride)
beta-HCH (beta-BHC, beta-hexachlorocyclohexane, alpha-benzene hexachloride)
cis-Permethrin (Ambush, Astro, Pounce, Pramex, Pertox, Ambushfog, Kafil, Perthrine, Picket, Picket G, Dragnet, Talcord, Outflank, Stockade, Eksmin, Coopex, Peregin, Stomoxin, Stomoxin P, Qamlin, Corsair, Tornade)
delta-HCH (delta-BHC, delta-hexachlorocyclohexane, delta-benzene hexachloride)
gamma-HCH (Lindane, gamma-BHC, Gammexane, Gexane, Soprocide, gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane, gamma-benzene hexachloride, gamma-benzene)
o,p'-Methoxychlor
p,p'-Methoxychlor (Marlate, methoxychlore)
trans-Permethrin (Ambush, Astro, Pounce, Pramex, Pertox, Ambushfog, Kafil, Perthrine, Picket, Picket G, Dragnet, Talcord, Outflank, Stockade, Eksmin, Coopex, Peregin, Stomoxin, Stomoxin P, Qamlin, Corsair, Tornade)

Trace elements

No non-detects

^a Selected water-quality standards and guidelines (Gilliom and others, in press).

^b Rates of detection are based on the number of analyses and detections in the Study Unit, not on national data. Rates of detection for herbicides and insecticides were computed by only counting detections equal to or greater than 0.01 µg/L in order to facilitate equal comparisons among compounds, which had widely varying detection limits. For herbicides and insecticides, a detection rate of "<1%" means that all detections are less than 0.01 µg/L, or the detection rate rounds to less than 1 percent. For other compound groups, all detections were counted and minimum detection limits for most compounds were similar to the lower end of the national ranges shown. Method detection limits for all compounds in these tables are summarized in (Gilliom and others, in press).

^c Detections of these compounds are reliable, but concentrations are determined with greater uncertainty than for the other compounds and are reported as estimated values (Zaugg and others, 1995).

^d The guideline for methyl tert-butyl ether is between 20 and 40 µg/L; if the tentative cancer classification C is accepted, the lifetime health advisory will be 20 µg/L (Gilliom and others, in press).

^e Selected sediment-quality guidelines (Gilliom and others, in press).

U.S Geological Survey Circular 1158

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Suggested citation:
Petersen, J.C., Adamski, J.C., Bell, Davis, J.V., Femmer, S.R., Freiwald, D.A., and Joseph, R.L., 1998, U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1158, on line at < URL: https://water.usgs.gov/pubs/circ1158>, updated April 3, 1998

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Last modified: 4/3/98