ASSESSMENT OF THE COAL RESOURCES OF THE KYRGYZ REPUBLIC:
COAL CHARACTER AND DISTRIBUTION, GEOLOGY, MINING, AND IMPORTANCE TO THE NATION'S FUTURE

by E.R. Landis¹, N.H. Bostick¹, H.J. Gluskoter², C.D. Harrison³, D.W. Huber⁴, and E.A. Johnson¹

USGS Open File Report 97-137A (English)
The Russian translation is USGS Open File Report 97-137B

This report is preliminary and has not been reviewed for conformity with U.S. Geological Survey editorial standards (or with North American Stratigraphic Code).  Any use of trade names does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Geolgical Survey.

1. U.S. Geolgical Survey, Denver, CO.
2. U.S. Geolgical Survey, Reston, VA.
3. CQ Inc., Homer City, PA, and IDEA, Inc., Washington D.C.
4. Consultant, Austin, TX, and IDEA, Inc., Washington D.C.

1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
2. INTRODUCTION
3. COAL IN KYRGYZSTAN
   1. GEOLOGICAL SETTING
   2. COAL REGIONS AND AREAS
   3. RESOURCES AND RESERVES
   4. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS
   5. PAST AND PRESENT PRODUCTION, PRICING LEVEL
4. INFORMATION AVAILABILITY
5. ISSUES AND SUGGESTIONS
   1. GEOLOGICAL FACTORS
   2. EXTRACTION FACTORS
   3. UTILIZATION FACTORS
   4. TRANSPORTATION FACTORS
   5. COMBINED FACTORS
6. SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY
7. APPENDIXES
   1. PRIVATE (SMALL) ENTERPRISE MINING PROGRAM
   2. PRODUCTION OF SMOKELESS WHOLE-COAL BRIQUETTES IN THE KYRGYZ REPUBLIC
      1. PRELIMINARY ASSESMENT
      2. ILLUSTRATIVE CONCEPT FOR AN ENTERPRISE
   3. DESCRIPTIONS OF SITE VISITS
   4. HISTORY OF COAL EXPLORATION -- F.T. Kashirin

• Figure 1. The coal regions of Kyrgyzstan and railroads of the former Soviet Union.
• Figure 2. Coal areas and power plants visited by the assessment team in Kyrgyzstan.
• Figure 3. Kyrgyzstan, showing the six political subdivisions (oblasts) with their principal cities.
• Figure 4. Simplified vertical section of sedimentary basins and terrain south-to-north across Kyrgyzstan.
• Figure 5. Relation of balance reserves and letter-designated reliability categories of the former Soviet Union resource classification system to equivalents in the U.S. Geological Survey.
• Figure 6. Percentage of original resources of 11 quadrangles of the central Appalachian coal field, U.S.A., in different recoverable and nonrecoverable categories.
• Figure 7. Equilibrium moisture in relation to as-received moisture of Kyrgyz coals sampled by the USGS.
• Figure 8. Calorific value in relation to elemental carbon of Kyrgyz coals sampled by the USGS.
• Figure 9. Elemental Carbon in relation to vitrinite reflectance of Kyrgyz coals sampled by the USGS.
• Figure 10. Calorific value in relation to mean random vitrinite reflectance of Kyrgyz coals sampled by the USGS.
• Figure 11. Fixed carbon in relation to mean random vitrinite reflectance of Kyrgyz coals sampled by the USGS.
• Figure 12. Ternary diagram of maceral group composition (mineral- and mixtinite-free basis) of Kyrgyz coals sampled by the USGS compared with "main Gondwana coals" and "main U.S. coal resources".
• Figure 13. Vitrinite / inertinite ratio of Kyrgyz coals sampled by the USGS in relation tothe same ratio reported by others for coals from the same mines.
• Figure 14. Hydrogen / carbon atomic ratio in relation to oxygen / carbon atomic ratio of Kyrgyz coals sampled by the USGS.
• Figure 15. Hydrogen / carbon atomic ratio in relation to vitrinite reflectance of Kyrgyz coals sampled by the USGS.
• Figure 16. Hydrogen content of Kyrgyz coals sampled by the USGS in relation to the range reported in the literature.
• Figure 17. Elemental carbon content of Kyrgyz coals sampled by the USGS in relation to the range reported in the literature.
• Figure 18. Total sulfur of Kyrgyz coals sampled by the USGS in relation to the range and mean of total sulfur reported in the literature.
• Figure 19. Calorific value in relation to fixed carbon of Kyrgyz coals sampled by the USGS.
• Figure 20. Calorific value in relation to vitrinite reflectance of Kyrgyz coals sampled by the USGS.
• Figure 21. Calorific value in relation to elemental carbon of Kyrgyz coals sampled by the USGS.
• Figure 22. Calorific value of Kyrgyz coals sampled by the USGS in relation to the range and mean of calorific value reported in literature.
• Figure 23. Thirty five year production history of coal in Kyrgyzstan.
• Figure 24. Sixty year production history at Kok-Yangak, Kyrgyzstan.

• Table 1. Estimated balance reserves in coal areas in Kyrgyzstan.
• Table 2. Kyrgyzstan coal reserves by type in developed and undeveloped areas.
• Table 3. Regional location, latitude-longitude, and name of sites sampled by the USGS in October, 1994
• Table 4. Basic chemistry of coals sampled by the USGS team in Kyrgyzstan.
• Table 5. Apparent rank according to ASTM analyses and the ASTM ranking standard -- coals sampled in Kyrgyzstan in October 1994 by the USGS. Also USSR ranking of coals from the same mines.
• Table 6. Chemical parameters used to measure coal rank; vitrinite reflectance and calorific value from USGS analyses, plus calorific value of coals from the same sites from the literature for comparison.
• Table 7. Main data from proximate and ultimate analysis of coals sampled by the USGS and data from the literature on the same mines.
• Table 8. Maceral group percentage in coals sampled by the USGS in Kyrgyzstan.
• Table 9. Total sulfur, % weight, air-dry-coal basis of USGS samples of Kyrgyz coals compared with data from the literature.
• Table 10. Major and minor elements in 900C high-temperature ash, reported as oxides.
• Table 11. Six of the major and minor elements in 900C high-temperature ash. Values from the literature on Kyrgyz coal from the same mines are listed.
• Table 12. Major, minor and trace elements of high-temperature ash (900C) as percent or parts per million of the ash.
• Table 13. Major, minor and trace elements of high-temperature ash (900C), calculated as percent or parts per million of the whole coal.
• Table 14. Ash fusion temperatures in both oxidizing and reducing atmosphere of coal samples. Free swelling index, Hardgrove Grindability, apparent specific gravity, and ash content (750C) are listed for the samples.
• Table 15. Kyrgyzstan coal production, import and export in recent years and plans to 2021.

Created by the EERT WWW Staff.