FIRE and MUD: Eruptions and Lahars of Mount Pinatubo, Philippines

CONTENTS

FOREWORD, PREFACE, ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
VOLCANIC DRAMA, HUMAN DRAMA	Overview of the eruptions Edward W. Wolfe and Richard P. Hoblitt
	Photographic record of rapid geomorphic change at Mount Pinatubo, 1991-94 Raymundo S. Punongbayan, Christopher G. Newhall, and Richard P. Hoblitt
	Eruption hazard assessments and warnings Raymundo S. Punongbayan, Christopher G. Newhall, Ma. Leonila P. Bautista, Delfin Garcia, David H. Harlow, Richard P. Hoblitt, Julio P. Sabit, and Renato U. Solidum
	People's response to eruption warning: The Pinatubo experience, 1991-92 Jean Tayag, Sheila Insauriga, Anne Ringor, and Mel Belo
	Assessment and response to lahar hazard around Mount Pinatubo, 1991 to 1993 Richard J. Janda, Arturo S. Daag, Perla J. Delos Reyes, Christopher G. Newhall, Thomas C. Pierson, Raymundo S. Punongbayan, Kelvin S. Rodolfo, Renato U. Solidum, and Jesse V. Umbal
	Responses of Pampanga households to lahar warnings: Lessons from two villages in the Pasig-Potrero River watershed Raoul M. Cola
	The Mount Pinatubo disaster and the people of Central Luzon Cynthia Banzon Bautista
ANCIENT AND MODERN HISTORY	Eruptive history of Mount Pinatubo Christopher G. Newhall, Arturo S. Daag, F.G. Delfin, Jr., Richard P. Hoblitt, John McGeehin, John S. Pallister, Ma. Theresa M. Regalado, Meyer Rubin, Bella S. Tubianosa, Rodolfo A. Tamayo, Jr., and Jesse V. Umbal
	Geothermal exploration of the pre-1991 Mount Pinatubo hydrothermal system F.G. Delfin, Jr., H.G. Villarosa, D.B. Layugan, V.C. Clemente, M.R. Candelaria, and J.R. Ruaya
GEOPHYSICAL UNREST	Installation, operation, and technical specifications of the first Mount Pinatubo telemetered seismic network Andrew B. Lockhart, Sergio Marcial, Gemme Ambubuyog, Eduardo P. Laguerta, and John A. Power
	A PC-based real-time volcano-monitoring data-acquisition and analysis system Thomas L. Murray, John A. Power, Gail Davidson, and Jeffrey N. Marso
	A comparison of preeruption real-time seismic amplitude measurements for eruptions at Mount St. Helens, Redoubt Volcano, Mount Spurr, and Mount Pinatubo Elliot T. Endo, Thomas L. Murray, and John A. Power
	Real-time seismic amplitude measurement (RSAM) and seismic spectral amplitude measurement (SSAM) analyses with the Materials Failure Forecast Method (FFM), June 1991 explosive eruption at Mount Pinatubo Reinold R. Cornelius and Barry Voight
	Preliminary observations of seismicity at Mount Pinatubo by use of the Seismic Spectral Amplitude Measurement (SSAM) system, May 13-June 18, 1991 John A. Power, Thomas L. Murray, Jeffrey N. Marso, and Eduardo P. Laguerta
	Precursory seismicity and forecasting of the June 15, 1991, eruption of Mount Pinatubo David H. Harlow, John A. Power, Eduardo P. Laguerta, Gemme Ambubuyog, Randall A. White, and Richard P. Hoblitt
	Precursory deep long-period earthquakes at Mount Pinatubo: Spatio-temporal link to a basalt trigger Randall A. White
	Ground deformation prior to the 1991 eruptions of Mount Pinatubo J.W. Ewert, Andrew B. Lockhart, Sergio Marcial, and Gemme Ambubuyog
	Volcanic earthquakes following the 1991 climactic eruption of Mount Pinatubo: Strong seismicity during a waning eruption Jim Mori, Randall A. White, David H. Harlow, P. Okubo, John A. Power, Richard P. Hoblitt, Eduardo P. Laguerta, Angelito Lanuza, and Bartolome C. Bautista
	Relationship of regional and local structures to Mount Pinatubo activity Bartolome C. Bautista, Ma. Leonila P. Bautista, Ross S. Stein, Edito S. Barcelona, Raymundo S. Punongbayan, Eduardo P. Laguerta, Ariel R. Rasdas, Gemme Ambubuyog, and Erlinda Q. Amin
	Three-dimensional velocity structure at Mount Pinatubo: Resolving magma bodies and earthquake hypocenters Jim Mori, Donna Eberhart-Phillips, and David H. Harlow
	Computer visualization of earthquake hypocenters Richard P. Hoblitt, Jim Mori, and John A. Power
	Seismicity and magmatic resurgence at Mount Pinatubo in 1992 Emmanuel G. Ramos, Eduardo P. Laguerta, and Michael W. Hamburger
A VOLATILE SYSTEM	Monitoring sulfur dioxide emission at Mount Pinatubo Arturo S. Daag, Bella S. Tubianosa, Christopher G. Newhall, Norman M. Tuñgol, Dindo Javier, Michael T. Dolan, Perla J. Delos Reyes, Ronaldo A. Arboleda, Ma. Mylene L. Martinez, and Ma. Theresa M. Regalado
	Preeruption vapor in magma of the climactic Mount Pinatubo eruption: Source of the giant stratospheric sulfur dioxide cloud Terrence M. Gerlach, Henry R. Westrich, and Robert B. Symonds
	Evolution of a small crater lake at Mount Pinatubo Nora R. Campita, Arturo S. Daag, Christopher G. Newhall, Gary L. Rowe, and Renato U. Solidum
OBSERVATIONS AND RECONSTRUCTIONS: THE 1991-92 ERUPTIONS	The west-side story: Observations of the 1991 Mount Pinatubo eruptions from the west Julio P. Sabit, Ronald C. Pigtain, and Edwin G. de la Cruz
	The preclimactic eruptions of Mount Pinatubo, June 1991 Richard P. Hoblitt, Edward W. Wolfe, William E. Scott, Marvin R. Couchman, John S. Pallister, and Dindo Javier
	Tephra falls of the 1991 eruptions of Mount Pinatubo Ma. Lynn O. Paladio-Melosantos, Renato U. Solidum, William E. Scott, Rowena B. Quiambao, Jesse V. Umbal, Kelvin S. Rodolfo, Bella S. Tubianosa, Perla J. Delos Reyes, Rosalito A. Alonso, and Hernulfo B. Ruelo
	Dispersal of the 1991 Pinatubo tephra in the South China Sea Martin G. Wiesner and Yubo Wang
	Pyroclastic flows of the June 15, 1991, climactic eruption of Mount Pinatubo William E. Scott, Richard P. Hoblitt, Ronnie C. Torres, Stephen Self, Ma. Mylene L. Martinez, and Timoteo Nillos, Jr.
	Preeruption and posteruption digital-terrain models of Mount Pinatubo John W. Jones and Christopher G. Newhall
	Volume estimation of tephra-fall deposits from the June 15, 1991, eruption of Mount Pinatubo by theoretical and geological methods Takehiro Koyaguchi
	Infrasonic and acoustic-gravity waves generated by the Mount Pinatubo eruption of June 15, 1991 Makoto Tahira, Masahiro Nomura, Yosihiro Sawada, and Kosuke Kamo
	Worldwide observation of bichromatic long-period Rayleigh waves excited during the June 15, 1991, eruption of Mount Pinatubo W. Zurn and R. Widmer
	Meteorological observations of the 1991 Mount Pinatubo eruption J. Scott Oswalt, William Nichols, and John F. O'Hara
	Mount Pinatubo: A satellite perspective of the June 1991 eruptions James S. Lynch and George Stephens
	Growth of a postclimactic lava dome at Mount Pinatubo, July-October 1992 Arturo S. Daag, Michael T. Dolan, Eduardo P. Laguerta, Gregory P. Meeker, Christopher G. Newhall, John S. Pallister, and Renato U. Solidum
	Secondary pyroclastic flows from the June 15, 1991, ignimbrite of Mount Pinatubo Ronnie C. Torres, Stephen Self, and Ma. Mylene L. Martinez
A STORY IN THE ROCKS	Changing proportions of two pumice types from the June 15, 1991, eruption of Mount Pinatubo Carlos Primo C. David, Rosella G. Dulce, Dymphna D. Nolasco-Javier, Lawrence R. Zamoras, Ferdinand T. Jumawan, and Christopher G. Newhall
	Magma mixing at Mount Pinatubo: Petrographic and chemical evidence from the 1991 deposits John S. Pallister, Richard P. Hoblitt, Gregory P. Meeker, Roy J. Knight, and David F. Siems
	Mineral and glass compositions in June 15, 1991, pumices: Evidence for dynamic disequilibrium in the dacite of Mount Pinatubo James F. Luhr and William G. Melson
	Preeruption pressure-temperature conditions and volatiles in the 1991 dacitic magma of Mount Pinatubo Malcolm J. Rutherford and Joseph D. Devine
	Petrology and geochemistry of the 1991 eruption products of Mount Pinatubo Alain Bernard, Ulrich Knittel, Bernd Weber, Dominique Weis, Achim Albrecht, Keiko Hattori, Jeffrey Klein, and Dietmar Oles
	Petrology and Sr, Nd, and Pb isotopic geochemistry of Mount Pinatubo volcanic rocks Paterno R. Castillo and Raymundo S. Punongbayan
	Occurrence and origin of sulfide and sulfate in the 1991 Mount Pinatubo eruption products Keiko Hattori
	Sulfur isotopic systematics of the June 1991 Mount Pinatubo eruptions: A SHRIMP ion microprobe study Michael A. McKibben, C. Stewart Eldridge, and Agnes G. Reyes
	Anhydrite-bearing pumices from the June 15, 1991, eruption of Mount Pinatubo: Geochemistry, mineralogy, and petrology John Fournelle, Rebecca Carmody, and Arturo S. Daag
	Highly oxidized and sulfur-rich dacitic magma of Mount Pinatubo: Implication for metallogenesis of porphyry copper mineralization in the western Luzon arc Akira Imai, Eddie L. Listanco, and Toshitsugu Fujii
	Relative timing of fluid and anhydrite saturation: Another consideration in the sulfur budget of the Mount Pinatubo eruption Jill Dill Pasteris, Brigitte Wopenka, Alian Wang, and Teresa N. Harris
LAHARS, LAHARS, AND MORE LAHARS	Watershed disturbance and lahars on the east side of Mount Pinatubo during the mid-June 1991 eruptions Jon J. Major, Richard J. Janda, and Arturo S. Daag
	Flow and deposition of posteruption hot lahars on the east side of Mount Pinatubo, July-October 1991 Thomas C. Pierson, Arturo S. Daag, Perla J. Delos Reyes, Ma. Theresa M. Regalado, Renato U. Solidum, and Bella S. Tubianosa
	The 1991 lahars of southwestern Mount Pinatubo and evolution of the lahar-dammed Mapanuepe Lake Jesse V. Umbal and Kelvin S. Rodolfo
	Channel and sedimentation responses to large volumes of 1991 volcanic deposits on the east flank of Mount Pinatubo Kevin M. Scott, Richard J. Janda, Edwin G. de la Cruz, Elmer Gabinete, Ismael Eto, Manuel Isada, Manuel Sexon, and Kevin C. Hadley
	Two years of lahars on the western flank of Mount Pinatubo: Initiation, flow processes, deposits, and attendant geomorphic and hydraulic changes Kelvin S. Rodolfo, Jesse V. Umbal, Rosalito A. Alonso, Cristina T. Remotigue, Ma. Lynn Paladio-Melosantos, Jerry H.G. Salvador, Digna Evangelista, and Yvonne Miller
	Instrumental lahar monitoring at Mount Pinatubo Sergio Marcial, Arnaldo A. Melosantos, Kevin C. Hadley, Richard G. LaHusen, and Jeffrey N. Marso
	Rainfall, acoustic flow monitor records, and observed lahars of the Sacobia River in 1992 Norman M. Tuñgol and Ma. Theresa M. Regalado
	Observations of 1992 lahars along the Sacobia-Bamban River system Ma. Mylene L. Martinez, Ronaldo A. Arboleda, Perla J. Delos Reyes, Elmer Gabinete, and Michael T. Dolan
	1992 lahars in the Pasig-Potrero River system Ronaldo A. Arboleda and Ma. Mylene L. Martinez
SELECTED IMPACTS	Building damage caused by the Mount Pinatubo eruption of June 15, 1991 Robin J.S. Spence, Antonios Pomonis, Peter J. Baxter, Andrew W. Coburn, Mark White, Manuel Dayrit, and Field Epidemiology Training Program Team
	Socioeconomic impacts of the Mount Pinatubo eruption Remigio A. Mercado, Jay Bertram T. Lacsamana, and Greg L. Pineda
	The 1991 Pinatubo eruptions and their effects on aircraft operations Thomas J. Casadevall, Perla J. Delos Reyes, and David J. Schneider
	The atmospheric impact of the 1991 Mount Pinatubo eruption Stephen Self, Jing-Xia Zhao, Rick E. Holasek, Ronnie C. Torres, and Alan J. King
	AUTHORS AND THEIR AFFILIATIONS

FIRE and MUD

PHIVOLCS | University of Washington Press | U.S.Geological Survey
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Last updated 06.04.99