Effects of environmental pH and calcium on ammonia toxicity in channel catfish
Transactions of the American Fisheries Society
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By: J.R. Tomasso, C. A. Goudie, B.A. Simco, and K. B. Davis
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Abstract
The twenty-four-hour median lethal concentrations (24-hour LC50) of total ammonia nitrogen (TA-N) to channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) at pH 7, 8, and 9 (total hardness, 40 mg/liter; temperature, 21–25 C) were 263.6 ± 11.3 (SE), 38.8 ± 1.8, and 4.5 ± 0.2 mg/liter, respectively. The 24-hour LC50 of un-ionized ammonia nitrogen (UIA-N) concentration at pH 8 was significantly higher (1.82 ± 0.06 mg/liter) than at pH 7 or 9 (1.39 ± 0.06 and 1.49 ± 0.12 mg/liter). Enrichment of the water to 440 mg/liter total hardness at pH 7 significantly increased the 24-hour LC50 of TA-N and UIA-N (356.3 ± 16.4 and 1.79 ± 0.07). Fish exposed to 25 mg/liter TA-N for 12 hours at pH 7 and 8 showed no differences from control fish in hematocrit, percent total plasma protein, or plasma and muscle chloride. Plasma sodium showed no difference between control and experimental groups at pH 7; however, a significant decrease occurred in fish exposed to 25 mg/liter TA-N at pH 8. No differences in blood pH were found between the control groups and fish exposed to 100 and 200 mg/liter TA-N at pH 7, and to 10 and 25 mg/liter TA-N at pH 8. Plasma sodium depletion is suggested as a contributing mechanism of ammonia toxicity.
Suggested Citation
Tomasso, J., Goudie, C.A., Simco, B., Davis, K.B., 1980, Effects of environmental pH and calcium on ammonia toxicity in channel catfish: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 109, no. 2, p. 229-234, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1980)109<229:EOEPAC>2.0.CO;2.
| Publication type | Article |
|---|---|
| Publication Subtype | Journal Article |
| Title | Effects of environmental pH and calcium on ammonia toxicity in channel catfish |
| Series title | Transactions of the American Fisheries Society |
| DOI | 10.1577/1548-8659(1980)109<229:EOEPAC>2.0.CO;2 |
| Volume | 109 |
| Issue | 2 |
| Year Published | 1980 |
| Language | English |
| Publisher | Taylor & Francis |
| Publisher location | Philadelphia, PA |
| Contributing office(s) | Leetown Science Center |
| Description | 6 p. |
| Larger Work Type | Article |
| Larger Work Subtype | Journal Article |
| Larger Work Title | Transactions of the American Fisheries Society |
| First page | 229 |
| Last page | 234 |