Annual grass invasion is transforming the sagebrush biome’s songbird communities

Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment
By: , and 

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Abstract

Novel stressors like climate change and biological invasions alter ecological communities, resulting in changes to ecosystem services and biodiversity (that is, ecological transformation). Most ecological transformation research focuses on plants, but animals are likely affected by and plausibly mediate the extent, impact, and pace of transformations. In western North America, where invasive annual grasses are transforming sagebrush-steppe ecosystems, we quantified how transformation in vegetation drives songbird community change. We hypothesized that transformation of vegetation communities via invasion alters wildlife communities by favoring generalists over specialists, albeit with extinction debts that may temporarily obscure transformations’ consequences. Although local-scale songbird diversity increased with grass invasion, we found that this shift was accompanied by ongoing reorganization of songbird communities at larger scales (across the sagebrush biome), driven by heterogeneous impacts of invasion among species and guilds. Through our biome-wide analysis, we were also able to identify high-priority regions for conservation of sensitive songbird species. Our research provides evidence that wildlife communities are transforming alongside vegetation communities and offers insight into the approaches required to quantify nascent community turnover.

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Publication type Article
Publication Subtype Journal Article
Title Annual grass invasion is transforming the sagebrush biome’s songbird communities
Series title Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment
DOI 10.1002/fee.70024
Edition Online First
Publication Date January 13, 2026
Year Published 2026
Language English
Publisher Ecological Society of America
Contributing office(s) Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center
Description e70024, 8 p.
Country United States
Other Geospatial western United States
Additional publication details