Cumulative effects of multiple stressors on marine mammals: Elephant seals as a model system
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Abstract
Noise exposure is a potential stressor for free-ranging marine mammals and is often studied in the absence of other environmental factors. Here, a multi-investigator, interdisciplinary effort was undertaken to examine the response of elephant seals to multiple stressors. An integrated physiological and ecological approach was taken, including immunology, stress physiology, toxicology, animal behavior, population biology, and life history theory, to examine the cumulative effects of exposure to multiple stressors in elephant seals. While we measured the response of individual animals, a population response can be predicted by incorporating these results into the long-term data on elephant seal demographics.
Suggested Citation
Costa, D.P., Holser, R.R., Shipway, G.T., Favilla, A.B., McDonald, B.I., Shen, D.M., Diluzio, A.R., Peterson, S.H., Ackerman, J.T., and Crocker, D.E., 2026, Cumulative effects of multiple stressors on marine mammals: Elephant seals as a model system, chap. 1 of The effects of noise on aquatic life IV, p. 1-16, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-94229-7_40-1.
| Publication type | Book chapter |
|---|---|
| Publication Subtype | Book Chapter |
| Title | Cumulative effects of multiple stressors on marine mammals: Elephant seals as a model system |
| Chapter | 1 |
| DOI | 10.1007/978-3-031-94229-7_40-1 |
| Publication Date | April 24, 2026 |
| Year Published | 2026 |
| Language | English |
| Publisher | Springer Nature |
| Contributing office(s) | Western Ecological Research Center |
| Description | 16 p. |
| Larger Work Type | Book |
| Larger Work Subtype | Monograph |
| Larger Work Title | The effects of noise on aquatic life IV |
| First page | 1 |
| Last page | 16 |