Near-fault amplification and ground motion variability during the 2019 Ridgecrest, California sequence

Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America
By: , and 

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Abstract

We estimate ground-motion variability near the 2019 M 7.1 Ridgecrest earthquake sequence. Accurate seismic hazard estimation requires understanding ground-motion spatial correlations, yet many studies lack the dense station coverage needed to resolve small-scale variability. The 2019 M 7.1 Ridgecrest earthquake sequence presents a unique opportunity to examine ground motions and their spatial correlations at a range of interstation distances. The permanent seismic network was augmented with hundreds of temporary stations including several fault-crossing nodal arrays. We compute the event (δEi) and within-event (δWij) residuals from the observed peak ground velocity and peak ground acceleration data to isolate potential sources of ground-motion variability. We then compare δWij between station pairs that record an event to understand the semivariance of the ground motion versus interstation distance. By fitting an exponential model to the semivariances, we determine a correlation range of 25 km for the Ridgecrest region. Although the exponential model fits the broad-scale increase of semivariance with interstation distance, we also observe smaller-scale trends. We find that ground motions are less correlated for station pairs that are near or across faults that ruptured during the 2019 Ridgecrest sequence. We also find large, positive median δWij with relative values 2–3 times larger than nearby stations for individual stations’ near-fault traces. Near-fault amplification and greater ground-motion variability can delineate fault zones and may locally increase the seismic hazard.

Suggested Citation

Cochran, E.S., Parker, G.A., Minson, S.E., and Baltay, A.S., 2025, Near-fault amplification and ground motion variability during the 2019 Ridgecrest, California sequence: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 116, no. 1, p. 467-481, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120250160.

ISSN: 1943-3573 (online)

Study Area

Publication type Article
Publication Subtype Journal Article
Title Near-fault amplification and ground motion variability during the 2019 Ridgecrest, California sequence
Series title Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America
DOI 10.1785/0120250160
Volume 116
Issue 1
Publication Date November 10, 2025
Year Published 2025
Language English
Publisher Seismological Society of America
Contributing office(s) Earthquake Science Center
Description 15 p.
First page 467
Last page 481
Country United States
State California
City Ridgecrest
Additional publication details