Occurrence of Mixed Organic and Inorganic Chemicals in Groundwater and Tapwater, Town of Campbell, Wisconsin, 2021–22
Links
- Document: Report (1.62 MB pdf) , HTML , XML
- Data Releases:
- USGS data release - Target-chemical concentrations for assessment of mixed-organic/inorganic chemical and biological exposures in private-well tapwater at Campbell, Wisconsin, 2021
- USGS data release - Quarterly sample results for perand polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) for locations in Campbell, Wisconsin, 2021–22
- Download citation as: RIS | Dublin Core
Abstract
In response to previous reports of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) contamination in French Island’s (located in the Mississippi River within the town of Campbell, Wisconsin) primary source of drinking water, 11 locations were sampled by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in October 2021 to assess the potential presence of contaminant mixtures, including PFAS, in tapwater. Three locations were assessed seven times each over the course of three days. These samples were chosen to evaluate the water quality of the deeper Mount Simon bedrock aquifer and the water quality of the shallower sand and gravel (alluvial) aquifer at two locations. The other eight sample locations were spatially distributed within Campbell and were sampled once each. For each of these 11 sites, tapwater samples were analyzed for disinfection byproducts (DBP), pesticides, PFAS, pharmaceuticals, semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOC), volatile organic compounds (VOC), cations, anions, trace elements, alkalinity, microbial indicators, as well as measurements of water temperature, specific conductance, and pH. Of the 506 organic compounds analyzed in each water-quality sample, 74 (14 percent) were detected at least one time in any of the samples collected. Of the 14 percent, detected analytes included 27 pesticides (5 percent), 14 PFAS (3 percent), 6 pharmaceuticals (1 percent), 7 SVOC (1 percent), and 20 VOC (4 percent). No DBP were detected. The total number of organic compounds detected per sample ranged from 0–20 (median of 10), with the sum of concentrations ranging from not detected (nd)–2.53 micrograms per liter (μg/L; median of 0.333 μg/L). Of the inorganic constituents measured, eight were not detected above their reporting limit in any of the samples. The inorganic constituents that were not detected were antimony, arsenic, beryllium, cadmium, cobalt, molybdenum, selenium, and vanadium.
Along with the 11 sites sampled throughout Campbell, Wisconsin, beginning in October 2021, four more wells were sampled on the Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center (UMESC) campus for PFAS. Three of these sites withdraw water from the shallow alluvial aquifer (the same source water for tapwater site 002) and one from the Mount Simon aquifer (the same source of water for tapwater site 001). This sampling is ongoing with results from samples through December 2022 summarized in this report. Of the 33 PFAS analyzed in samples from the four UMESC locations, 15 individual PFAS were detected at least one time in any of the samples analyzed with the sum of PFAS concentrations ranging from nd–1.49 μg/L (median of 0.309 μg/L).
Suggested Citation
Romanok, K.M., Meppelink, S.M., Bradley, P.M., Breitmeyer, S.E., Donahue, L., Gaikowski, M.P., Hines, R.K., and Smalling, K.L., 2023, Occurrence of mixed organic and inorganic chemicals in groundwater and tapwater, town of Campbell, Wisconsin, 2021–22: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2023–1088, 29 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20231088.
ISSN: 2331-1258 (online)
Study Area
Table of Contents
- Acknowledgments
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Methods
- Results
- Summary
- References Cited
- Appendix 1. Summary Data Tables for the Occurrence of Mixed Organic and Inorganic Chemicals in Groundwater and Tapwater, Town of Campbell, Wisconsin, 2021–22
| Publication type | Report |
|---|---|
| Publication Subtype | USGS Numbered Series |
| Title | Occurrence of mixed organic and inorganic chemicals in groundwater and tapwater, town of Campbell, Wisconsin, 2021–22 |
| Series title | Open-File Report |
| Series number | 2023-1088 |
| DOI | 10.3133/ofr20231088 |
| Year Published | 2023 |
| Language | English |
| Publisher | U.S. Geological Survey |
| Publisher location | Reston, VA |
| Contributing office(s) | New Jersey Water Science Center, South Carolina Water Science Center, Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center, Central Midwest Water Science Center |
| Description | Report: viii, 29 p.; 2 Data Releases |
| Country | United States |
| State | Wisconsin |
| County | La Crosse County |
| City | Campbell |
| Online Only (Y/N) | Y |
| Additional Online Files (Y/N) | N |
| Google Analytic Metrics | Metrics page |