Introduction

In 2024, the U.S. Geological Survey's (USGS) National Minerals Information Center (NMIC) completed the project titled “Compilation of geospatial data for the mineral industries of select countries in the Indo-Pacific.” This project aimed to leverage the expertise and capabilities of the NMIC to collect, synthesize, and interpret geospatial data to inform on the extractive resources of select countries in the Indo-Pacific region (area of study) and expand the NMIC's understanding on the impact of mineral industry of these countries in the global economy. The 19 countries of interest in the Indo-Pacific study area include Bangladesh, Bhutan, Brunei, Burma, Fiji, Malaysia, Mongolia, Nauru, New Caledonia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Singapore, Solomon Islands, South Korea (Republic of Korea), Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Timor-Leste, and Vietnam. The primary objective of this effort was to create a fully attributed Geographic Information System (GIS) portraying existing mining infrastructure, resources, and production capacities across the Indo-Pacific study area as well as highlight mineral production and processing sites under development and potential areas of future extractive industry operations and development in the region. The compiled GIS geodatabase with supporting documentation including comprehensive metadata was published as a USGS data release titled “Compilation of Geospatial Data (GIS) for the Mineral Industries of Select Countries in the Indo-Pacific” (Trimmer and others, 2024).

This georeferenced portable document format (GeoPDF) map sheet presents a new geographic information product containing a partial representation of the GIS data. This GeoPDF map provides a visual comparison of the distribution of mineral industry GIS data, which contributes to a deeper understanding of the intersections and complexities of the extractive industries within the select countries in the Indo-Pacific region.

Overview of Geospatial PDF Map Layout (Layer Navigation and Visibility)

The GeoPDF map sheet created for this project contains the feature datasets and their feature classes organized as map layers. Within a PDF reader, such as Adobe Acrobat Reader, these map layers are accessed through a “Layers” navigation pane in the side panel menu when the GeoPDF file is open. Figure 1 illustrates the navigation pane and a list of feature dataset folders that contain the feature classes, or individual map layers, within the GeoPDF.

If all of the map layers are turned on simultaneously, the map will be illegible due to the number of overlapping map layers and labels present in the GeoPDF. However, a user may selectively turn on or off different map layers and their labels in the layers navigation pane to analyze the spatial relationships between the available map layers. Base cartographic elements that are visible upon opening the GeoPDF map, such as annotation data for water labels and vector polygon data for the study area countries for example, can be turned off for clearer visual interpretation of map layers. Additionally, annotation layers for labels, which directly precede their corresponding map layer in the layers navigation pane, can also be turned on and off separately for better visual clarity. A user is able to generate different maps by controlling the visibility of map layers and their labels, which can then be printed as individual maps. For example, a user could overlay oil- and gas-field center points with the USGS petroleum provinces to determine which cluster of oil and gas fields is located within a specific petroleum province; the user will then have the ability to print out that specific representation.

To aid in the visual interpretation of the Mineral Facilities feature class, which contains a large number of overlapping symbols and labels, it was divided into five separate selectable map layers for this GeoPDF based on the categories of facility type: Brine Operations, Mines and Quarries, Mineral Processing Plants, Oil and Gas Fields, and Oil and Gas Refineries and (or) Petrochemical Complexes. This allows for a better understanding of the geographic distribution of the various types of facilities. These map layers are located within the “Mineral Facilities” feature dataset folder in the layers navigation pane. Similarly, the Mineral Development Sites feature class was also separated by facility type and the map layers are located within the “Mineral Development Sites” feature dataset folder. No other feature classes were modified from the original geodatabase from Trimmer and others (2024).

This GeoPDF also includes a subset of the attribute data for the feature classes contained within the “INDOPAC_GIS.gdb” geodatabase file (Trimmer and others, 2024). The attribute data are presented using the schema from Trimmer and others (2024), and table 1 can be used to interpret the attribute field names with their associated attribute field aliases. In this table, attribute data for the Mineral Facilities feature dataset and Mineral Development Sites feature dataset are provided since attribute names and aliases are identical for each facility type map layer created from either dataset. The attribute data contained within the GeoPDF map can be accessed using the “Identify” tool in the GeoPDF Toolbar, which can be downloaded and installed at no cost from https://terragotech.com/products/geopdf/toolbar/ (TerraGo Technologies, Inc., 2024a). Detailed instructions for navigating the layers of the GeoPDF map as well as accessing the attribute data can be found in Baker and others (2017) and TerraGo Technologies, Inc. (2024b).