Estimation of Impounded Sediment Volume in the Similkameen River upstream of Enloe Dam, Okanogan County, Washington

Scientific Investigations Report 2026-5126
Prepared in cooperation with the Confederated Tribes of the Colville Reservation
By: , and 

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Abstract

The Enloe Dam was built in 1920 for hydropower generation and impounds a steep-banked, narrow reach of the Similkameen River in north-central Washington. During the subsequent century, sediment from the Similkameen River watershed, which includes historical mining operations, accumulated within Enloe Dam’s impoundment. Enloe Dam ceased hydropower production in 1958 and is currently under consideration for removal, but there are concerns that the remobilization of sediments may have harmful impacts on downstream water quality. To complement previously published analyses of heavy metal concentrations within sediments and assess the total volume that may be transported following dam removal, this report presents estimates of the volume of sediment trapped behind Enloe Dam which was measured in 2020. The volume of sediment was estimated by comparing a bathymetric survey, collected using an acoustic Doppler continuous profiler, and a survey of the bedrock-sediment interface, collected using a continuous resistivity profiler.

The study area spanned a 2.6-kilometer reach of the Similkameen River upstream from Enloe Dam. The volume of impounded sediment was calculated in 2020 by subtracting the elevation of the bedrock-sediment interface measured using the continuous resistivity profiler from a bathymetric surface measured by the acoustic Doppler current profiler. In 2020, the estimated volume of sediment impounded by Enloe Dam was 2.17±0.04 million cubic meters (Mm3) compared to 1.37 Mm3 measured in 1971. This equates to a deposition rate of approximately 16,300 cubic meters per year from 1971 to 2020. Continuous resistivity profiles revealed that bedrock within Enloe Dam’s impoundment was deepest (about 20 m) in the southern, downstream end of the profiles and shallowest (less than 5 m) in the northern upstream end of the profiles.

Suggested Citation

Headman, A.O., Wilkerson, O.A., Curran, C.A., and Gendaszek, A.S., 2026, Estimation of impounded sediment volume in the Similkameen River upstream of Enloe Dam, Okanogan County, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2026–5126, 24 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20265126.

ISSN: 2328-0328 (online)

Study Area

Table of Contents

  • Acknowledgements
  • Abstract
  • Introduction
  • Purpose and Scope
  • Geographic Setting
  • Methods
  • Results
  • Discussion
  • Conclusions
  • References Cited
Publication type Report
Publication Subtype USGS Numbered Series
Title Estimation of impounded sediment volume in the Similkameen River upstream of Enloe Dam, Okanogan County, Washington
Series title Scientific Investigations Report
Series number 2026-5126
DOI 10.3133/sir20265126
Publication Date March 20, 2026
Year Published 2026
Language English
Publisher U.S. Geological Survey
Publisher location Reston, VA
Contributing office(s) Washington Water Science Center
Description Report: v, 24 p.; 2 Data Releases
Country United States
State Washington
County Okanogan County
Other Geospatial lower Similkameen River upstream from Enloe Dam
Online Only (Y/N) Y
Additional Online Files (Y/N) N
Additional publication details