Restoration of freshwater in the Cano Tiburones area, Puerto Rico

Water-Resources Investigations Report 83-4071
Prepared in cooperation with the Puerto Rico Department of Agriculture
By:  and 

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Abstract

Cano Tiburones on the north coast of Puerto Rico originally was a shallow, coastal lagoon, 9 square miles in area. It accumulated freshwater from adjacent rivers and springs and drained to the ocean through unobserved subterranean conduits. Forced drainage by pumping of Cano Tiburones for agriculture was begun in 1949, and resulted in lowering the water level to below sea level. The reversed hydraulic gradient permitted seawater to enter the Cano through the conduits forming seawater "springs". Seawater flooding caused widespread sodium chloride contamination in the canals and laterals and in the soils. Agricultural expectations of the area were not realized.

The present investigation into the freshening potential of Cano Tiburones (1979-1982) determined that ground-water discharge does not contribute to salty conditions.

On-site experiments were performed to segregate freshwater from seawater using differences in hydraulic head. Dams were constructed on canals and laterals, forcing accumulated saltwater to the ocean. Ring levees were placed around the discharging seawater conduits until sea level was reached and flow to the system stopped.

These efforts have succeeded in reducing the amount of seawater in Cano Tiburones to one-third of its original concentration. Most of the water presently in Cano Tiburones is suitable for irrigation.

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Publication type Report
Publication Subtype USGS Numbered Series
Title Restoration of freshwater in the Cano Tiburones area, Puerto Rico
Series title Water-Resources Investigations Report
Series number 83-4071
DOI 10.3133/wri834071
Year Published 1984
Language English
Publisher U.S. Geological Survey
Description Report: vi, 33 p.; 1 Plate: 37.74 x 25.05 inches
Country Puerto Rico
Other Geospatial Cano Tiburones
Additional publication details