Machine learning predictions of pH in the Glacial Aquifer System, Northern USA
Paul Stackelberg, Kenneth Belitz, Craig J. Brown, Melinda L. Erickson, Sarah M. Elliott, Leon J. Kauffman, Katherine Marie Ransom, James E. Reddy
2021, Groundwater (37) 531-543
A boosted regression tree model was developed to predict pH conditions in three dimensions throughout the glacial aquifer system of the contiguous United States using pH measurements in samples from 18,386 wells and predictor variables that represent aspects of the hydrogeologic setting. Model results indicate that the carbonate content of...
Characterizing strain between rigid crustal blocks in the southern Cascadia forearc: Quaternary faults and folds of the northern Sacramento Valley, California
Stephen J. Angster, Steven G. Wesnousky, Paula Figueiredo, Lewis A. Owen, Thomas Sawyer
2021, Geology (49) 387-391
Topographic profiles across late Quaternary surfaces in the northern Sacramento Valley (California, USA) show offset and progressive folding on series of active east- and northeast—trending faults and folds. Optically stimulated luminescence ages on deposits draping a warped late Pleistocene river terrace yielded differential incision rates along the Sacramento River and...
The impact of ventilation patterns on calcite dissolution rates within karst conduits
Matthew D. Covington, Katherine J. Knierim, Holly H Young, Josue Rodriguez, Hannah Gnoza
2021, Journal of Hydrology (593)
Erosion rates in streams vary dramatically over time, as differences in streamflow and sediment load enhance or inhibit erosion processes. Within cave streams, and other bedrock channels incising soluble rocks, changes in water chemistry are an important factor in determining how erosion rates will vary in both time and space....
Effect of temperature, nitrate concentration, pH and bicarbonate addition on biomass and lipid accumulation in the sporulating green alga PW95
Luisa Corredor, Elliott Barnhart, Albert E. Parker, Robin Gerlach, Matthew W. Fields
2021, Algal Research (53)
The mixed effects of temperature (20 °C, 25 °C and 30 °C), nitrate concentration (0.5 mM and 2.0 mM), pH buffer, and bicarbonate addition (trigger) on biomass growth and lipid accumulation were investigated in the environmental alga PW95 during batch experiments in standardized growth medium. PW95...
Periodic dike intrusions at Kīlauea Volcano, Hawaii
Emily K. Montgomery-Brown, Asta Mikijus
2021, Geology (49) 397-401
Forecasting heightened magmatic activity is key to assessing and mitigating global volcanic hazards, including eruptions from lateral rift zones at basaltic volcanoes. At Kı-lauea volcano, Hawai’i (United States), planar dikes intrude its east rift zone (ERZ) and repeatedly affect the same segments. Here we show...
Resource partitioning across a trophic gradient between a freshwater fish and an intraguild exotic
Richard Kraus, Joseph Schmitt, Kevin R. Keretz
2021, Ecology of Freshwater Fish (30) 320-333
The introduction of exotic species has the potential to cause resource competition with native species and may lead to competitive exclusion when resources are limiting. On the other hand, information is lacking to predict under what alternate trophic conditions coexistence may occur. Comparing diets of native yellow perch Perca flavescens and nonindigenous...
Examining the potential conflict between sea otter recovery and Dungeness crab fisheries in California
Andre M. Boustany, David Hernandez, Emily A Miller, Fujii. Jessica, Teri E. Nicholson, Joseph A. Tomoleoni, Kyle S. Van Houtan
2021, Biological Conservation (253)
Human exploitation of marine mammals led to precipitous declines in many wild populations within the last three centuries. Legal protections enacted throughout the 20th century have enabled the recovery of many of these species and some recoveries have resulted in conflict...
Measuring, modelling and projecting coastal land subsidence
Manoochehr Shirzaei, Jeffery T. Freymueller, Torbjörn E Törnqvist, Devin Galloway, Tina Dura, Philip S. J. Minderhoud
2021, Nature Reviews Earth & Environment (2) 40-58
Coastal subsidence contributes to relative sea-level rise and exacerbates flooding hazards, with the at-risk population expected to triple by 2070. Natural processes of vertical land motion, such as tectonics, glacial isostatic adjustment and sediment compaction, as well as anthropogenic processes, such as fluid extraction, lead to...
From forests to fish: Mercury in mountain lake food webs influenced by factors at multiple scales
Ariana M. Chiapella, Collin A. Eagles-Smith, Angela L Strecker
2021, Limnology and Oceanography (66) 1021-1035
Mountain lakes, while seemingly pristine, have been subjected to historical fish stocking practices and exposure to atmospherically deposited contaminants like mercury. Mercury bioaccumulation in these ecosystems varies widely due to strong environmental gradients, and there are complex, hierarchical factors that affect mercury transport and loading, methylmercury production, and food web...
Effective hydrological events in an evolving mid‐latitude mountain river system following cataclysmic disturbance—A saga of multiple influences
Jon J. Major, Kurt R. Spicer, Adam R. Mosbrucker
2021, Water Resources Research (57)
Cataclysmic eruption of Mount St. Helens (USA) in 1980 reset 30 km of upper North Fork Toutle River (NFTR) valley to a zero‐state fluvial condition. Consequently, a new channel system evolved. Initially, a range of streamflows eroded channels (tens of meters incision, hundreds of meters widening) and transported immense sediment...
Monitoring network changes during the 2018 Kīlauea Volcano eruption
Brian Shiro, Michael H. Zoeller, Kevan Kamibayashi, Ingrid A. Johanson, Carolyn Parcheta, Matthew R. Patrick, Patricia A. Nadeau, R. Lopaka Lee, Asta Miklius
2021, Seismological Research Letters (92) 102-118
In the summer of 2018, Kīlauea Volcano underwent one of its most significant eruptions in the past few hundred years. The volcano’s summit and East Rift Zone magma system partially drained, resulting in a series of occasionally explosive partial caldera collapses, and widespread lava flows in the lower East Rift...
Experimental challenge of a North American bat species, big brown bat (Eptesicus fuscus), with SARS-CoV-2
Jeffrey S. Hall, Susan Knowles, Sean Nashold, Hon S. Ip, Ariel Elizabeth Leon, Tonie E. Rocke, Saskia Annatina Keller, Mariano Carossino, Udeni B.R. Balasuriya, Erik K. Hofmeister
2021, Transboundary and Emerging Diseases (68) 3443-3452
The recently emerged novel coronavirus, SARS‐CoV‐2, is phylogenetically related to bat coronaviruses (CoVs), specifically SARS‐related CoVs from the Eurasian bat family Rhinolophidae. As this human pandemic virus has spread across the world, the potential impacts of SARS‐CoV‐2 on native North American bat populations are unknown, as is the ability of...
Evaluating management options to reduce Lake Erie algal blooms using an ensemble of watershed models
Jay F. Martin, Margaret M Kalcic, Noel Aloysis, Anna Apostel, Michael Brooker, Grey R. Evenson, Jeffrey B Kast, Haley Kujawa, Asmita Murumkar, Richard Becker, Chelsie Boles, Remegio Confesor, Awoke T Dagnew, Tian Guo, Colleen M Long, Rebecca Logsdon Muenich, Donald Scavia, Todd Redder, Dale M. Robertson, Yu-Chen Wang
2021, Journal of Environmental Management (280)
Reducing harmful algal blooms in Lake Erie, situated between the United States and Canada, requires implementing best management practices to decrease nutrient loading from upstream sources. Bi-national water quality targets have been set for total and dissolved phosphorus loads, with the ultimate goal of...
Temporal and spatial variations in river specific conductivity: Implications for understanding sources of river water and hydrograph separations
Ian Cartwright, Matthew P. Miller
2021, Journal of Hydrology (593)
Specific conductivity (SC) is commonly used to estimate the proportion of baseflow (i.e., waters from within catchments such as groundwater, interflow, or bank return flows) contributing to rivers. Reach-scale SC comparisons are also useful for identifying where multiple water stores contribute to baseflow. Daily SC values of adjacent gauges in...
Temporal invariance of social-ecological catchments
Mark A. Kaemingk, Christine N. Bender, Christopher J. Chizinski, Aaron J. Bunch, Kevin L. Pope
2021, Ecological Applications (31)
Natural resources such as waterbodies, public parks, and wildlife refuges attract people from varying distances on the landscape, creating "social-ecological catchments." Catchments have provided great utility for understanding physical and social relationships within specific disciplines. Yet, catchments are rarely used across disciplines, such as its application to understand complex spatiotemporal...
Holocene paleoseismology of the Steamboat Mountain Site: Evidence for full‐Llngth rupture of the Teton Fault, Wyoming
Christopher DuRoss, Mark S. Zellman, Glenn D. Thackray, Richard W. Briggs, Ryan D. Gold, Shannon A. Mahan
2021, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (111) 439-465
The 72‐km‐long Teton fault in northwestern Wyoming is an ideal candidate for reconstructing the lateral extent of surface‐rupturing earthquakes and testing models of normal‐fault segmentation. To explore the history of earthquakes on the northern Teton fault, we hand‐excavated two trenches at the Steamboat Mountain site,...
Spatial capture–recapture with random thinning for unidentified encounters
Jose Jimenez, Ben Augustine, Daniel W. Linden, Richard B. Chandler, Andy Royle
2021, Ecology & Evolution (11) 1187-1198
Spatial capture–recapture (SCR) models have increasingly been used as a basis for combining capture–recapture data types with variable levels of individual identity information to estimate population density and other demographic parameters. Recent examples are the unmarked SCR (or spatial count model), where no individual identities are available and spatial...
Quantifying plant-soil-nutrient dynamics in rangelands: Fusion of UAV hyperspectral-LiDAR, UAV multispectral-photogrammetry, and ground-based LiDAR-digital photography in a shrub-encroached desert grassland
Joel B. Sankey, Temuulen T. Sankey, Junran Li, Sujith Ravi, Guan Wang, Joshua Caster, Alan Kasprak
2021, Remote Sensing of Environment (253)
Rangelands cover 70% of the world's land surface, and provide critical ecosystem services of primary production, soil carbon storage, and nutrient cycling. These ecosystem services are governed by very fine-scale spatial patterning of soil carbon, nutrients, and plant species at the centimeter-to-meter scales, a phenomenon known as “islands of fertility”....
Expert assessment of future vulnerability of the global peatland carbon sink
Julie Loisel, A.V. Gallego-Sala, M.J. Amesbury, G. Magnan, G. Anshari, D. W. Beilman, J. Blewett, J. C. Benevides, P. Camill, D. J. Charman, S. Chawchai, A. Hedgpeth, T. Kleinen, A. Korhola, D. Large, J. Muller, C. A. Mansilla, S. van Bellen, J. B. West, Z. Yu, J. L. Bubier, M. Garneau, T. Moore, A. B. K. Sannel, M. Väliranta, S. Page, M. Bechtold, V. Brovkin, L. E. S. Cole, J. P. Chanton, T. R. Christensen, M. A. Davies, F. De Vleeschouwer, S.A. Finkelstein, S. Frolking, M. Galka, L. Gandois, N. Girkin, .L.I. Harris, A. Heinemeyer, A.M. Hoyt, Miriam C. Jones, F. Joos, S. Juutinen, K. Kaiser, M. Lamentowicz, T. Larmola, M. Leifeld, A. Lohila, A.M. Milner, Kari Minkkinen, P. Moss, B.D.A. Naafs, J. Nichols, J. O'Donnell, R. Payne, M. Philben, S. Pilo, A. Quillet, A.S. Ratnayake, T.P. Roland, S. Sjogersten, O. Sonnentag, G.T. Swindles, W. Swinnen, J. Talbott, C. C. Treat, A.C. Valach, J. Wu
2021, Nature Climate Change (11) 70-77
The carbon balance of peatlands is predicted to shift from a sink to a source this century. However, peatland ecosystems are still omitted from the main Earth system models that are used for future climate change projections, and they are not considered in integrated assessment models that are used in...
Shifts in the wintering distribution and abundance of Emperor Geese in Alaska
Brian D. Uher-Koch, Raymond M. Buccheit, Charles R. Eldermire, Heather M. Wilson, Joel A. Schmutz
2021, Global Ecology and Conservation (25)
For wildlife species that winter at northern latitudes, harsh overwinter conditions can play an important role in population dynamics. Recent changes in global temperatures have resulted in distributional shifts of wildlife species, as well as amelioration of winter climates in northern...
Core handling, transportation and processing for the South Pole ice core (SPICEcore) project
Joseph M. Souney, Mark S . Twickler, Murat Aydin, Eric J. Steig, T.J. Fudge, Leah V. Street, Melinda R. Nicewonger, Emma C. Kahle, Jay A. Johnson, Tanner W. Kuhl, Kimberly Ann Casey, John M. Fegyveresi, Richard Nunn, Geoffrey Mill Hargreaves
2021, Annals of Glaciology (62) 118-130
An intermediate-depth (1751 m) ice core was drilled at the South Pole between 2014 and 2016 using the newly designed US Intermediate Depth Drill. The South Pole ice core is the highest-resolution interior East Antarctic ice core record that extends into the glacial period. The methods used at the South...
Spatial distribution of microplastics in surficial benthic sediment of Lake Michigan and Lake Erie
Peter L. Lenaker, Steven R. Corsi, Sherri A. Mason
2021, Environmental Science & Technology (55) 373-384
The spatial distribution, concentration, particle size, and polymer compositions of microplastics in Lake Michigan and Lake Erie sediment were investigated. Fibers/lines were the most abundant of the five particle types characterized. Microplastic particles were observed in all samples with mean concentrations for particles greater than 0.355 mm of 65.2 p...
Multi-geophysical parameter classification of the Montserrat geothermal system
Racine A. Basant, Graham A. Ryan, Jared R. Peacock, Antonio G. Camacho, Oshaine O. Blake, Stefanie Hautmann, Bridget Y. Lynne
2021, Geothermics (90)
Multi-geophysical parameter classification can help to reduce the uncertainties of interpretations that often rely on one geophysical technique. Integrating these varying datasets requires a more robust classification approach rather than traditional qualitative methods. In this study, we applied the Fuzzy c-means...
Influence of niche breadth and position on the historical biogeography of seafaring scincid lizards
Jonathan Q. Richmond, Hidetoshi Ota, L Lee Grismer, Robert N. Fisher
2021, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society (132) 74-92
Niche breadth and position can influence diversification among closely related species or populations, yet limited empirical data exist concerning the predictability of the outcomes. We explored the effects of these factors on the evolution of the Emoia atrocostata species group, an insular radiation of lizards in the western Pacific Ocean and...
Age and mantle sources of Quaternary basalts associated with “leaky” transform faults of the migrating Anatolia-Arabia-Africa triple junction
Michael Cosca, Mary Reid, Jonathan Delph, Gonca Gencalioglu Kuscu, Janne Blichert-Toft, Wayne R. Premo, Donna Whitney, Christian Teyssier, Bora Rojay
2021, Geosphere (17) 69-94
The Anatolia (Eurasia), Arabia, and Africa tectonic plates intersect in southeast Turkey, near the Gulf of İskenderun, forming a tectonically active and unstable triple junction (the A3 triple junction). The plate boundaries are marked by broad zones of major, dominantly left-lateral transform faults including the East Anatolian fault zone (the Anatolia-Arabia...
