Infection status as the basis for habitat choices in a wild amphibian
Gabriel M. Barrile, Anna D. Chalfoun, Annika W. Walters
2021, American Naturalist (197) 128-137
Animals challenged with disease may select specific habitat conditions that help prevent or reduce infection. Whereas preinfection avoidance of habitats with a high risk of disease exposure has been documented in both captive and free-ranging animals, evidence of switching habitats after infection to support the clearing of the infection is...
Resilient and rapid recovery of native trout after removal of a non-native trout
Phaedra E. Budy, Timothy E. Walsworth, Gary P. Thiede, Paul D. Thompson, Matthew D. McKell, Paul B. Holden, Paul D. Chase, W. Carl Saunders
2021, Conservation Science and Practice (3)
While the importance of reducing impacts of non-native species is increasingly recognized in conservation, the feasibility of such actions is highly dependent upon several key uncertainties including stage of invasion, size of the ecosystem being restored, and magnitude of the restoration activity. Here, we present results...
Factors affecting nitrate concentrations in stream base flow
Susan Wherry, Anthony J. Tesoriero, Silvia Terziotti
2021, Environmental Science and Technology (55) 902-911
Elevated nitrogen concentrations in streams and rivers in the Chesapeake Bay watershed have adversely affected the ecosystem health of the bay. Much of this nitrogen is derived as nitrate from groundwater that discharges to streams as base flow. In this study, boosted regression trees (BRTs) were used to relate nitrate...
The birth of a Hawaiian fissure eruption
Bruce F. Houghton, Caroline M. Tisdale, Edward W. Llewellin, Jacopo Taddeucci, Tim R. Orr, Brett H. Walker, Matthew R. Patrick
2021, Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth (126)
Most basaltic explosive eruptions intensify abruptly, allowing little time to document processes at the start of eruption. One opportunity came with the initiation of activity from fissure 8 (F8) during the 2018 eruption on the lower East Rift Zone of Kīlauea, Hawaii. F8 erupted in four episodes. We recorded 28 min...
The induced Mw 5.0 March 2020 west Texas seismic sequence
Robert Skoumal, Joern Kaven, Andrew J. Barbour, Charles Wicks, Michael R. Brudzinski, Elizabeth S. Cochran, Justin Rubinstein
2021, Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth (126)
On March 26, 2020, a M 5.0 earthquake occurred in the Delaware Basin, Texas, near the border between Reeves and Culberson Counties. This was the third largest earthquake recorded in Texas and the largest earthquake in the Central and Eastern United States since the three M 5.0–5.8 induced events in Oklahoma during 2016. Using...
Evidence that watershed nutrient management practices effectively reduce estrogens in environmental waters
Shuiwang Duan, Luke R. Iwanowicz, Katia Noguera-Oviedo, Sujay S. Kaushal, Erik Rosenfeld, Diana Aga, Sudhir Murthy
2021, Science of the Total Environment (758)
We evaluate the impacts of different nutrient management strategies on the potential for co-managing estrogens and nutrients in environmental waters of the Potomac watershed of the Chesapeake Bay. These potential co-management approaches represent agricultural and urban runoff, wastewater treatment plant effluent, and combined sewer...
Geology of the Hawaiian Islands
John M Sinton, David R. Sherrod
2021, Book chapter, Encyclopedia of geology
Long known as the island chain farthest from any continental landmass, the Hawaiian Islands are the subaerial expression of volcanism above the relatively fixed Hawaiian hot spot as the Pacific plate drifts northwest above it. Each island is built by one or several overlapping shield volcanoes, some of the most voluminous on Earth. Plate...
Porphyry and epithermal mineral deposits
John H Dilles, David A. John
2021, Book chapter, Encyclopedia of geology (secind editon)
Porphyry and epithermal mineral deposits form large economic ore bodies that provide the global economy with copper, molybdenum, gold, silver and other byproducts (Re, Te, Se). They form in the upper crust and are related to sulfur- and water-rich intermediate to silicic magmatic sources of hydrothermal fluids that move upward...
Ocean floor manganese deposits
Kira Mizell, James R. Hein
2021, Book chapter, Encyclopedia of geology
Much of the dissolved Mn delivered to the oceans is slowly oxidized and precipitated alongside varying amounts of Fe into Mn and ferromanganese (FeMn) mineral deposits that occur extensively in the deep ocean wherever sediment accumulation is low and substrate is available. FeMn...
Soils and paleosols
Daniel R. Muhs
2021, Book chapter, Encyclopedia of geology
Soils are naturally occurring bodies that form in the interface between the geosphere, biosphere, hydrosphere, and atmosphere. They are the medium for much of the Earth's plant and animal growth. Soil morphology and how it evolves are functions of the soil-forming factors of climate, organisms, relief, parent material, and time. The expression of soil...
Eolian sediments
Daniel R. Muhs
2021, Book chapter, Encyclopedia of Geology
The origin and nature of eolian (wind-blown) sediments are reviewed, with an emphasis on the occurrence of these features in the Quaternary. Eolian sediments consist of windblown sand, loess, and long-range-transported (LRT) dust, in order of decreasing particle size. Eolian sand forms some of the most dramatic landscapes in the world,...
Dating by cosmogenic nuclides
Paul R. Bierman, Adrian Bender, Andrew J. Christ, Lee B. Corbett, Christopher T. Halsted, Eric W. Portenga, Amanda H. Schmidt
2021, Book chapter, Encyclopedia of geology
Since the 1990s, cosmogenic nuclides have revolutionized the study of Earth surface processes, particularly the understanding of rates and dates. These nuclides, including 3He, 10Be, 14C, 21Ne, 26Al, and 36Cl, enable dating of landforms and the measurement of erosion rates both at the scale of drainage basins and at specific locations on Earth's surface. Cosmogenic nuclides are produced...
Forest restoration and fuels reduction: Convergent or divergent?
Scott L. Stephens, Mike A. Battaglia, Derek J. Churchill, Brandon M. Collins, Michelle Coppoletta, Chad M. Hoffman, Jamie M. Lydersen, Malcolm P. North, Russell A. Parsons, Scott M. Ritter, Jens Stevens
2021, BioScience (71) 85-101
For over 20 years, forest fuel reduction has been the dominant management action in western US forests. These same actions have also been associated with the restoration of highly altered frequent-fire forests. Perhaps the vital element in the compatibility of these treatments is that both need to incorporate the...
Monitoring volcanic deformation
Maurizio Battaglia, Jorge Alpala, Rosa Alpala, Mario Angarita, Dario Arcos, Leonardo Euillades, Pablo Euillades, Cyril Muller, Lourdes Narvaez
2021, Book chapter, Encyclopedia of geology
Deformation signals recorded at volcanoes have long been used to infer the processes behind subsurface magma intrusions. Monitoring strategies vary greatly depending on several factors such as the activity of the individual volcano, access, available personnel, and funding.Certain geodetic monitoring methods, such as Electronic Distance Measurements, are inexpensive but require that scientists...
Karst geology of the Upper Midwest, USA
Daniel H. Doctor, E. Calvin Alexander Jr.
2021, Book chapter, Caves and Karst of the Upper Midwest, USA
Karst in the Upper Midwest occurs within a thick sequence of mixed carbonate and siliciclastic Cambrian through Pennsylvanian sedimentary rocks, with a minor occurrence of karst in Proterozoic sandstone. Deposition of the sediments occurred on a marine epeiric ramp that spanned much of the North American continent through most...
USGS Illinois River Monitoring and Evaluation
Travis J. Harrison, Kevin D. Hop, Enrika Hlavacek, Brent C. Knights
2021, Report, 2020 Interim summary report: Asian carp monitoring and response plan
No abstract available....
Interactive PHREEQ-N-AMDTreat water-quality modeling tools to evaluate performance and design of treatment systems for acid mine drainage
Charles A. Cravotta III
2021, Applied Geochemistry (126)
The PHREEQ-N-AMDTreat aqueous geochemical modeling tools described herein simulate changes in pH and solute concentrations resulting from passive and active treatment of acidic or alkaline mine drainage (AMD). The “user-friendly” interactive tools, which are publicly available software, utilize PHREEQC equilibrium aqueous and surface speciation models and...
Predator and prey events at the entrance of a surface‐oriented fish collector at North Fork Dam, Oregon
Collin Smith, John Plumb, Noah S. Adams, Garth J Wyatt
2021, Fisheries Management and Ecology (28) 172-182
Quantifiable estimates of predator–prey interactions and relationships in aquatic habitats are difficult to obtain and rare, especially when individuals cannot be readily observed. To overcome this observational impediment, imaging sonar was used to assess the cooccurrence of predator‐size fish and juvenile salmonids, Oncorhynchus spp., at the entrance to a floating surface collector...
Climate and Ecological Disturbance Analysis of Engelmann spruce and Douglas fir in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem
Brittany Rinaldi, R. Stockton Maxwell, Thomas Callahan, Rebecca Lynn Brice, Karen Heeter, Grant L. Harley
2021, Trees, Forests, and People (3)
The effects of anthropogenic climate change are apparent in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem (GYE), USA, with forest die-off, insect outbreaks, and wildfires impacting forest ecosystems. A long-term perspective would enable assessment of the historical range of variability in forest ecosystems and better...
Assessment of two techniques for remediation of lacustrine rocky reef spawning habitat
Alex Gatch, S.K. Koenigbauer, Edward F. Roseman, T. Hook
2021, North American Journal of Fisheries Management (41) 484-497
Rocky reef habitats in lacustrine systems constitute important areas for lithophilic‐spawning fishes. Interstitial spaces created by the structure of rocky reefs form microenvironments where incubating embryos and juvenile fish are potentially protected from predators and physical displacement. However, if interstitial spaces are filled or blocked by...
Coal-mining intensity influences species and trait distributions of stream fishes in two Central Appalachian watersheds
Zachary P. Martin, Paul L. Angermeier, Serena Ciparis, Donald J. Orth
2021, Ecology of Freshwater Fish (30) 347-365
Documenting responses of biotic assemblages to coal-mining impacts is crucial to informing regulatory and reclamation actions. However, attributing biotic patterns to specific stressors is difficult given the dearth of preimpact studies and prevalence of confounding factors. Analysing species distributions and abundances, especially stratified by species traits, provides insights into how...
Characterizing patterns of genomic variation in the threatened Utah prairie dog: Implications for conservation and management
Rachel M. Giglio, Tonie E. Rocke, Jorge E. Osorio, Emily K. Latch
2021, Evolutionary Applications (14) 1036-1051
Utah prairie dogs (Cynomys parvidens) are federally threatened due to eradication campaigns, habitat destruction, and outbreaks of plague. Today, Utah prairie dogs exist in small, isolated populations, making them less demographically stable and more susceptible to erosion of genetic variation by genetic drift. We characterized patterns...
Nanopore amplicon sequencing reveals molecular convergence and local adaptation of rhodopsin in Great Lakes salmonids
Katherine Eaton, Moises Bernal, Nathan Backenstose, Daniel Yule, Trevor J. Krabbenhoft
2021, Genome Biology and Evolution (13)
Local adaptation can drive diversification of closely related species across environmental gradients and promote convergence of distantly related taxa that experience similar conditions. We examined a potential case of adaptation to novel visual environments in a species flock (Great Lakes salmonids, genus Coregonus) using a new amplicon genotyping protocol on the...
Drivers and projections of ice phenology in mountain lakes in the western United States
Timothy J Caldwell, Sudeep Chandra, Thomas Albright, Adrian Harpold, Thomas Dills, Jonathan Greenberg, Steven Sadro, Michael D. Dettinger
2021, Limnology and Oceanography (66) 995-1008
Climate change is causing rapid warming and altered precipitation patterns in mountain watersheds, both of which influence the timing of ice breakup in mountain lakes. To enable predictions of ice breakup in the future, we analyzed a dataset of mountain lake ice breakup dates derived from remote sensing and historical...
Terrestrial wildlife in the post-mined Appalachian landscape: Status and opportunities
Christopher M. Lituma, John J. Cox, Stephen F. Spear, John W. Edwards, Jesse L. De La Cruz, Lisa I. Muller, W. Mark Ford
2021, Book chapter, Appalachia's coal-mined landscapes
Coal mining is an anthropogenic stressor that has impacted terrestrial and semi-aquatic wildlife in the Appalachian Plateau since European settlement. Creation of grassland and early-successional habitats resulting from mining in a forested landscape has resulted in novel, non-analog habitat conditions. Depending on the taxa, the extent of mining on the...
