Source characterization for an explosion during the 2009 eruption of Redoubt Volcano from very-long-period seismic waves
Matthew M. Haney, Bernard A. Chouet, Phillip B. Dawson, John A. Power
2013, Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research (259) 77-88
The 2009 eruption of Redoubt produced several very-long-period (VLP) signals associated with explosions. We invert for the source location and mechanism of an explosion at Redoubt volcano using waveform methods applied to broadband recordings. Such characterization of the source carries information on the geometry of the conduit and the physics...
Roost selection by western long-eared myotis (Myotis evotis) in burned and unburned piñon–juniper woodlands of southwestern Colorado
E. Apple Snider, Paul M. Cryan, Kenneth R. Wilson
2013, Journal of Mammalogy (94) 640-649
All 16 species of bats known to occur in western Colorado are found at Mesa Verde National Park (MVNP) in the southwestern United States. Since 1996, wildfires have burned more than 70% of MVNP (> 15,000 ha), potentially altering food and roosting resources for bats. During the summers of 2006–2007,...
Injection, transport, and deposition of tephra during event 5 at Redoubt Volcano, 23 March, 2009
Larry G. Mastin, Hans F. Schwaiger, David J. Schneider, Kristi L. Wallace, Janet Schaefer, Roger P. Denlinger
2013, Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research (259) 201-213
Among the events of the 2009 eruption at Redoubt Volcano, Alaska, event 5 was the best documented by radar, satellite imagery, and deposit mapping. We use the new Eulerian tephra transport model Ash3d to simulate transport and deposition of event 5 tephra at distances up to 350 km. The eruption, which...
Degassing of CO2, SO2, and H2S associated with the 2009 eruption of Redoubt Volcano, Alaska
Cynthia A. Werner, Peter J. Kelly, Michael P. Doukas, Taryn Lopez, Melissa Pfeffer, Robert G. McGimsey, Christina A. Neal
2013, Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research (259) 270-284
The 2009 eruption of Redoubt Volcano, Alaska was particularly well monitored for volcanic gas emissions. We report 35 airborne measurements of CO2, SO2, and H2S emission rates that span from October 2008 to August 2010. The magmatic system degassed primarily as a closed system although minor amounts of open system...
Emplacement of the final lava dome of the 2009 eruption of Redoubt Volcano, Alaska
Katharine F. Bull, Steve W. Anderson, Angela K. Diefenbach, Rick L. Wessels, Sarah M. Henton
2013, Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research (259) 334-348
After more than 8 months of precursory activity and over 20 explosions in 12 days, Redoubt Volcano, Alaska began to extrude the fourth and final lava dome of the 2009 eruption on April 4. By July 1 the dome had filled the pre-2009 summit crater and ceased to grow. By means...
Emissions of carbon dioxide and methane from a headwater stream network of interior Alaska
John T. Crawford, Robert G. Striegl, Kimberly P. Wickland, Mark M. Dornblaser, Emily H. Stanley
2013, Journal of Geophysical Research G: Biogeosciences (118) 482-494
Boreal ecosystems store significant quantities of organic carbon (C) that may be vulnerable to degradation as a result of a warming climate. Despite their limited coverage on the landscape, streams play a significant role in the processing, gaseous emission, and downstream export of C, and small streams are thought to...
Temporal variability of exchange between groundwater and surface water based on high-frequency direct measurements of seepage at the sediment-water interface
Donald O. Rosenberry, Rich W. Sheibley, Stephen E. Cox, Frederic W. Simonds, David L. Naftz
2013, Water Resources Research (49) 2975-2986
Seepage at the sediment-water interface in several lakes, a large river, and an estuary exhibits substantial temporal variability when measured with temporal resolution of 1 min or less. Already substantial seepage rates changed by 7% and 16% in response to relatively small rain events at two lakes in the northeastern...
Tectonic setting of the pebble and other copper-gold-molybdenum porphyry deposits within the evolving middle cretaceous continental margin of Northwestern North America
Richard J. Goldfarb, Eric D. Anderson, Craig J. Hart
2013, Economic Geology (108) 405-419
The Pebble Cu-Au-Mo deposit in southwestern Alaska, containing the largest gold resource of any known porphyry in the world, developed in a tectonic setting significantly different from that of the present-day. It is one of a series of metalliferous middle Cretaceous porphyritic granodiorite, quartz monzonite, and diorite bodies, evolved...
Estimation of volume and mass and of changes in volume and mass of selected chat piles in the Picher mining district, Ottawa County, Oklahoma, 2005-10
S. Jerrod Smith
2013, Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5011
From the 1890s through the 1970s the Picher mining district in northeastern Ottawa County, Oklahoma, was the site of mining and processing of lead and zinc ore. When mining ceased in about 1979, as much as 165–300 million tons of mine tailings, locally referred to as “chat,” remained in the...
Geospace environment modeling 2008--2009 challenge: Dst index
L. Rastatter, M.M. Kuznetsova, A. Glocer, D. Welling, X. Meng, J. Raeder, M. Wittberger, V.K. Jordanova, Y. Yu, S. Zaharia, R.S. Weigel, S. Sazykin, R. Boynton, H. Wei, V. Eccles, W. Horton, M.L. Mays, J. Gannon
2013, Space Weather (11) 187-205
This paper reports the metrics-based results of the Dst index part of the 2008–2009 GEM Metrics Challenge. The 2008–2009 GEM Metrics Challenge asked modelers to submit results for four geomagnetic storm events and five different types of observations that can be modeled by statistical, climatological or physics-based models of the...
Microbial community responses to 17 years of altered precipitation are seasonally dependent and coupled to co-varying effects of water content on vegetation and soil C
Patrick O. Sorensen, Matthew J. Germino, Kevin P. Feris
2013, Soil Biology and Biochemistry (64) 155-163
Precipitation amount and seasonal timing determine the duration and distribution of water available for plant and microbial activity in the cold desert sagebrush steppe. In this study, we sought to determine if a sustained shift in the amount and timing of precipitation would affect soil microbial diversity, community composition, and...
Computed statistics at streamgages, and methods for estimating low-flow frequency statistics and development of regional regression equations for estimating low-flow frequency statistics at ungaged locations in Missouri
Rodney E. Southard
2013, Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5090
The weather and precipitation patterns in Missouri vary considerably from year to year. In 2008, the statewide average rainfall was 57.34 inches and in 2012, the statewide average rainfall was 30.64 inches. This variability in precipitation and resulting streamflow in Missouri underlies the necessity for water managers and users to...
Recharge sources and residence times of groundwater as determined by geochemical tracers in the Mayfield Area, southwestern Idaho, 2011–12
Candice B. Hopkins
2013, Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5115
Parties proposing residential development in the area of Mayfield, Idaho are seeking a sustainable groundwater supply. During 2011–12, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Idaho Department of Water Resources, used geochemical tracers in the Mayfield area to evaluate sources of aquifer recharge and differences in groundwater residence time....
How does pedogenesis drive plant diversity?
Etienne Laliberte, James B. Grace, Michael A. Huston, Hans Lambers, Francois P. Teste, Benjamin L. Turner, David A. Wardle
2013, Trends in Ecology and Evolution (28) 331-340
Some of the most species-rich plant communities occur on ancient, strongly weathered soils, whereas those on recently developed soils tend to be less diverse. Mechanisms underlying this well-known pattern, however, remain unresolved. Here, we present a conceptual model describing alternative mechanisms by which pedogenesis (the process of soil formation) might...
Winter climate change and coastal wetland foundation species: Salt marshes vs. mangrove forests in the southeastern United States
Michael J. Osland, Richard H. Day, Thomas W. Doyle, Nicholas Enwright
2013, Global Change Biology (19) 1482-1494
We live in an era of unprecedented ecological change in which ecologists and natural resource managers are increasingly challenged to anticipate and prepare for the ecological effects of future global change. In this study, we investigated the potential effect of winter climate change upon salt marsh and mangrove forest foundation...
Comparing effects of transmitters within and among populations: application to swimming performance of juvenile Chinook salmon
Russell W. Perry, John M. Plumb, Scott D. Fielding, Noah S. Adams, Dennis W. Rondorf
2013, Transactions of the American Fisheries Society (142) 901-911
The sensitivity of fish to a transmitter depends on factors such as environmental conditions, fish morphology, life stage, rearing history, and tag design. However, synthesizing general trends across studies is difficult because each study focuses on a particular performance measure, species, life stage, and transmitter model. These differences motivated us...
USGS Arctic Ocean carbon cruise 2011: field activity H-01-11-AR to collect carbon data in the Arctic Ocean, August - September 2011
Lisa L. Robbins, Kimberly K. Yates, Paul O. Knorr, Jonathan Wynn, John Lisle, Brian J. Buczkowski, Barbara Moore, Larry Mayer, Andrew Armstrong, Robert H. Byrne, Xuewu Liu
2013, Data Series 748
Carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere is absorbed at the surface of the ocean by reacting with seawater to form a weak, naturally occurring acid called carbonic acid. As atmospheric carbon dioxide increases, the concentration of carbonic acid in seawater also increases, causing a decrease in ocean pH and carbonate...
Reserve growth of oil and gas fields—Investigations and applications
Troy A. Cook
2013, Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5063
The reserve growth of fields has been a topic for ongoing discussion for over half a century and will continue to be studied well into the future. This is due to the expected size of the volumetric contribution of reserve growth to the future supply of oil and natural gas....
Evaluation of stream chemistry trends in US Geological Survey reference watersheds, 1970-2010
M. Alisa Mast
2013, Environmental Monitoring and Assessment (185) 9343-9359
The Hydrologic Benchmark Network (HBN) is a long-term monitoring program established by the US Geological Survey in the 1960s to track changes in the streamflow and stream chemistry in undeveloped watersheds across the USA. Trends in stream chemistry were tested at 15 HBN stations over two periods (1970–2010 and 1990–2010)...
Complex spatial dynamics maintain northern leopard frog (Lithobates pipiens) genetic diversity in a temporally varying landscape
David M. Mushet, Ned H. Euliss Jr., Yongjiu Chen, Craig A. Stockwell
2013, Herpetological Conservation and Biology (8) 163-175
In contrast to most local amphibian populations, northeastern populations of the Northern Leopard Frog (Lithobates pipiens) have displayed uncharacteristically high levels of genetic diversity that have been attributed to large, stable populations. However, this widely distributed species also occurs in areas known for great climatic fluctuations that should be reflected...
USGS Arctic Ocean carbon cruise 2010: field activity H-03-10-AR to collect carbon data in the Arctic Ocean, August - September 2010
Lisa L. Robbins, Kimberly K. Yates, Matthew D. Gove, Paul O. Knorr, Jonathan Wynn, Robert H. Byrne, Xuewu Liu
2013, Data Series 741
Carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere is absorbed at the surface of the ocean by reacting with seawater to form carbonic acid, a weak, naturally occurring acid. As atmospheric carbon dioxide increases, the concentration of carbonic acid in seawater also increases, causing a decrease in ocean pH and carbonate mineral...
Transport of nitrogen in a treated-wastewater plume to coastal discharge areas, Ashumet Valley, Cape Cod, Massachusetts
Jeffrey R. Barbaro, Donald A. Walter, Denis R. LeBlanc
2013, Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5061
Land disposal of treated wastewater from a treatment plant on the Massachusetts Military Reservation in operation from 1936 to 1995 has created a plume of contaminated groundwater that is migrating toward coastal discharge areas in the town of Falmouth, Massachusetts. To develop a better understanding of the potential impact of...
Hydrographic surveys of the Missouri and Yellowstone Rivers at selected bridges and through Bismarck, North Dakota, during the 2011 flood
Brenda K. Densmore, Kellan R. Strauch, Benjamin J. Dietsch
2013, Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5087
The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the North Dakota Department of Transportation and the North Dakota State Water Commission, completed hydrographic surveys at six Missouri River bridges and one Yellowstone River bridge during the 2011 flood of the Missouri River system. Bridges surveyed are located near the cities...
Efficacy of trap modifications for increasing capture rates of aquatic snakes in floating aquatic funnel traps
Brian J. Halstead, Glenn D. Wylie, Michael L. Casazza
2013, Herpetological Conservation and Biology (8) 65-74
Increasing detection and capture probabilities of rare or elusive herpetofauna of conservation concern is important to inform the scientific basis for their management and recovery. The Giant Gartersnake (Thamnophis gigas) is an example of a secretive, wary, and generally difficult-to-sample species about which little is known regarding its patterns of...
Foraging area fidelity for Kemp's ridleys in the Gulf of Mexico
Donna J. Shaver, Kristen M. Hart, Ikuko Fujisaki, Cynthia Rubio, Autumn R. Sartain-Iverson, Jaime Peña, Patrick M. Burchfield, Daniel Gomez Gamez, Jaime Ortiz
2013, Ecology and Evolution (3) 2002-2012
For many marine species, locations of key foraging areas are not well defined. We used satellite telemetry and switching state-space modeling (SSM) to identify distinct foraging areas used by Kemp's ridley turtles (Lepidochelys kempii) tagged after nesting during 1998–2011 at Padre Island National Seashore, Texas, USA (PAIS; N = 22),...
