Empirical evaluation of predator-driven diel vertical migration in Lake Superior
J.D. Stockwell, T.R. Hrabik, O.P. Jensen, D.L. Yule, M. Balge
2010, Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences (67) 473-485
Recent studies on Lake Superior suggest that diel vertical migration (DVM) of prey (generalized Coregonus spp.) may be influenced by the density of predatory siscowet (Salvelinus namaycush). We empirically evaluated this hypothesis using data from acoustic, midwater trawl, and bottom trawl sampling at eight Lake Superior sites during three seasons...
Evolution of a natural debris flow: In situ measurements of flow dynamics, video imagery, and terrestrial laser scanning
S.W. McCoy, J. W. Kean, J. A. Coe, D.M. Staley, T.A. Wasklewicz, G.E. Tucker
2010, Geology (38) 735-738
Many theoretical and laboratory studies have been undertaken to understand debris-flow processes and their associated hazards. However, complete and quantitative data sets from natural debris flows needed for confirmation of these results are limited. We used a novel combination of in situ measurements of debris-flow dynamics, video imagery, and pre-...
Distribution of non-breeding great lakes piping plovers (Charadrius melodus) along Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico coastlines: Ten years of band sightings
J. H. Stucker, F.J. Cuthbert, Brad Winn, B.L. Noel, S.B. Maddock, P.R. Leary, J. Cordes, L.C. Wemmer
2010, Waterbirds (33) 22-32
In 1993, a mark-recapture effort was initiated to band annually all Great Lakes Piping Plover nesting adults and offspring. With voluntary reporting by observers, >430 sightings of 154 individually-marked Great Lakes banded birds were documented on the wintering grounds during 19952005. This paper reports non-breeding distribution and site-fidelity and identifies...
Limited evidence of trans-hemispheric movement of avian influenza viruses among contemporary North American shorebird isolates
John M. Pearce, Andrew M. Ramey, S. Ip, Robert E. Gill Jr.
2010, Virus Research (148) 44-50
Migratory routes of gulls, terns, and shorebirds (Charadriiformes) are known to cross hemispheric boundaries and intersect with outbreak areas of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI). Prior assessments of low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) among species of this taxonomic order found some evidence for trans-hemispheric movement of virus genes. To specifically...
The influence of maximum magnitude on seismic-hazard estimates in the Central and Eastern United States
C.S. Mueller
2010, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (100) 699-711
I analyze the sensitivity of seismic-hazard estimates in the central and eastern United States (CEUS) to maximum magnitude (mmax) by exercising the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) probabilistic hazard model with several mmax alternatives. Seismicity-based sources control the hazard in most of the CEUS, but data seldom provide an objective basis...
SHRIMP U-Pb dating of recurrent Cryogenian and Late Cambrian-Early Ordovician alkalic magmatism in central Idaho: Implications for Rodinian rift tectonics
K. Lund, J. N. Aleinikoff, K. V. Evans, E. A. duBray, E.H. deWitt, D.M. Unruh
2010, Geological Society of America Bulletin (122) 430-453
Composite alkalic plutonic suites and tuffaceous diamictite, although discontinuously exposed across central Idaho in roof pendants and inliers within the Idaho batholith and Challis volcanic-plutonic complex, define the >200-km-long northwest-aligned Big Creek-Beaverhead belt. Sensitive highresolution ion microprobe (SHRIMP) U-Pb zircon dates on these igneous rocks provide direct evidence for the...
Incubation behavior of king eiders on the coastal plain of Northern Alaska
R.L. Bentzen, A.N. Powell, Laura M. Phillips, R.S. Suydam
2010, Polar Biology (33) 1075-1082
Incubating birds balance their energetic demands during incubation with the needs of the developing embryos. Incubation behavior is correlated with body size; larger birds can accumulate more endogenous reserves and maintain higher incubation constancy. King eiders (Somateria spectabilis) contend with variable and cold spring weather, little nesting cover, and low...
Hematology of southern Beaufort Sea polar bears (2005-2007): Biomarker for an arctic ecosystem health sentinel
Cassandra M. Kirk, Steven C. Amstrup, Rhonda Swor, Darce Holcomb, T. M. O'Hara
2010, EcoHealth (7) 307-320
Declines in sea-ice habitats have resulted in declining stature, productivity, and survival of polar bears in some regions. With continuing sea-ice declines, negative population effects are projected to expand throughout the polar bear's range. Precise causes of diminished polar bear life history performance are unknown, however, climate and sea-ice condition...
Rayleigh-wave phase-velocity maps and three-dimensional shear velocity structure of the western US from local non-plane surface wave tomography
F. F. Pollitz, J. Arthur Snoke
2010, Geophysical Journal International (180) 1153-1169
We utilize two-and-three-quarter years of vertical-component recordings made by the Transportable Array (TA) component of Earthscope to constrain three-dimensional (3-D) seismic shear wave velocity structure in the upper 200 km of the western United States. Single-taper spectral estimation is used to compile measurements of complex spectral amplitudes from 44 317...
Spatial trends in tidal flat shape and associated environmental parameters in South San Francisco Bay
J.A. Bearman, Carl T. Friedrichs, B. E. Jaffe, A.C. Foxgrover
2010, Journal of Coastal Research (26) 342-349
Spatial trends in the shape of profiles of South San Francisco Bay (SSFB) tidal flats are examined using bathymetric and lidar data collected in 2004 and 2005. Eigenfunction analysis reveals a dominant mode of morphologic variability related to the degree of convexity or concavity in the cross-shore profileindicative of (i)...
The 2009 Samoa-Tonga great earthquake triggered doublet
T. Lay, C.J. Ammon, H. Kanamori, L. Rivera, K.D. Koper, Alexander R. Hutko
2010, Nature (466) 964-968
Great earthquakes (having seismic magnitudes of at least 8) usually involve abrupt sliding of rock masses at a boundary between tectonic plates. Such interplate ruptures produce dynamic and static stress changes that can activate nearby intraplate aftershocks, as is commonly observed in the trench-slope region seaward of a great subduction...
Environmental tolerance of an invasive riparian tree and its potential for continued spread in the southwestern US
L.V. Reynolds, D.J. Cooper
2010, Journal of Vegetation Science (21) 733-743
Questions: Exotic plant invasion may be aided by facilitation and broad tolerance of environmental conditions, yet these processes are poorly understood in species-rich ecosystems such as riparian zones. In the southwestern United States (US) two plant species have invaded riparian zones: tamarisk (Tamarix ramosissima, T. chinensis, and their hybrids) and...
Global estimates of evapotranspiration and gross primary production based on MODIS and global meteorology data
W. Yuan, S. Liu, G. Yu, J.-M. Bonnefond, J. Chen, K. Davis, A.R. Desai, Allen H. Goldstein, D. Gianelle, F. Rossi, A.E. Suyker, S.B. Verma
2010, Remote Sensing of Environment (114) 1416-1431
The simulation of gross primary production (GPP) at various spatial and temporal scales remains a major challenge for quantifying the global carbon cycle. We developed a light use efficiency model, called EC-LUE, driven by only four variables: normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), air temperature, and...
Biologic origin of iron nodules in a marine terrace chronosequence, Santa Cruz, California
M. S. Schulz, D. Vivit, C. Schulz, J. Fitzpatrick, A. White
2010, Soil Science Society of America Journal (74) 550-564
The distribution, chemistry, and morphology of Fe nodules were studied in a marine terrace soil chronosequence northwest of Santa Cruz, California. The Fe nodules are found at depths <1 m on all terraces. The nodules consisted of soil mineral grains cemented by Fe oxides. The nodules varied in size from...
Updating the 2001 National Land Cover Database Impervious Surface Products to 2006 using Landsat imagery change detection methods
George Xian, Collin G. Homer
2010, Remote Sensing of Environment (114) 1676-1686
A prototype method was developed to update the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) National Land Cover Database (NLCD) 2001 to a nominal date of 2006. NLCD 2001 is widely used as a baseline for national land cover and impervious cover conditions. To enable the updating of this database in an optimal...
Response of aquatic macrophytes to human land use perturbations in the watersheds of Wisconsin lakes, U.S.A.
Laura L. Sass, Michael A. Bozek, Jennifer A. Hauxwell, Kelly Wagner, Susan Knight
2010, Aquatic Botany (93) 1-8
Aquatic macrophyte communities were assessed in 53 lakes in Wisconsin, U.S.A. along environmental and land use development gradients to determine effects human land use perturbations have on aquatic macrophytes at the watershed and riparian development scales. Species richness and relative frequency were surveyed in lakes from two ecoregions: the Northern...
Hierarchical spatial models for predicting pygmy rabbit distribution and relative abundance
T.L. Wilson, J.B. Odei, M.B. Hooten, T.C. Edwards Jr.
2010, Journal of Applied Ecology (47) 401-409
Conservationists routinely use species distribution models to plan conservation, restoration and development actions, while ecologists use them to infer process from pattern. These models tend to work well for common or easily observable species, but are of limited utility for rare and cryptic species. This may be because honest accounting...
Dramatic beach and nearshore morphological changes due to extreme flooding at a wave-dominated river mouth
P.L. Barnard, J.A. Warrick
2010, Marine Geology (271) 131-148
Record flooding on the Santa Clara River of California (USA) during January 2005 injected ∼ 5 million m3 of littoral-grade sediment into the Santa Barbara Littoral Cell, approximately an order of magnitude more than both the average annual river loads and the average annual alongshore littoral transport in this portion...
Carbon dioxide emission factors for U.S. coal by origin and destination
J.C. Quick
2010, Environmental Science & Technology (44) 2709-2714
This paper describes a method that uses published data to calculate locally robust CO2 emission factors for U.S. coal. The method is demonstrated by calculating CO2 emission factors by coal origin (223 counties, in 1999) and destination (479 power plants, in 2005). Locally robust CO2 emission factors should improve the...
Influence of sulfur-bearing polyatomic species on high precision measurements of Cu isotopic composition
M.J. Pribil, R. B. Wanty, W.I. Ridley, D.M. Borrok
2010, Chemical Geology (272) 49-54
An increased interest in high precision Cu isotope ratio measurements using multi-collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (MC-ICP-MS) has developed recently for various natural geologic systems and environmental applications, these typically contain high concentrations of sulfur, particularly in the form of sulfate (SO42-) and sulfide (S). For example, Cu, Fe,...
August 2008 eruption of Kasatochi volcano, Aleutian Islands, Alaska-resetting an Island Landscape
William E. Scott, Christopher J. Nye, Christopher F. Waythomas, Christina A. Neal
2010, Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research (42) 250-259
Kasatochi Island, the subaerial portion of a small volcano in the western Aleutian volcanic arc, erupted on 7-8 August 2008. Pyroclastic flows and surges swept the island repeatedly and buried most of it and the near-shore zone in decimeters to tens of meters of deposits. Several key seabird rookeries in...
A new capture fraction method to map how pumpage affects surface water flow
S. A. Leake, H. W. Reeves, J.E. Dickinson
2010, Ground Water (48) 690-700
All groundwater pumped is balanced by removal of water somewhere, initially from storage in the aquifer and later from capture in the form of increase in recharge and decrease in discharge. Capture that results in a loss of water in streams, rivers, and wetlands now is a concern in many...
Recorded motions of the 6 April 2009 Mw 6.3 L'Aquila, Italy, earthquake and implications for building structural damage: Overview
M. Çelebi, P. Bazzurro, L. Chiaraluce, P. Clemente, L. Decanini, A. Desortis, W. Ellsworth, A. Gorini, E. Kalkan, S. Marcucci, G. Milana, F. Mollaioli, M. Olivieri, R. Paolucci, D. Rinaldis, A. Rovelli, F. Sabetta, C. Stephens
2010, Earthquake Spectra (26) 651-684
The normal-faulting earthquake of 6 April 2009 in the Abruzzo Region of central Italy caused heavy losses of life and substantial damage to centuriesold buildings of significant cultural importance and to modern reinforcedconcrete- framed buildings with hollow masonry infill walls. Although structural deficiencies were significant and widespread, the study of...
Attributes for MRB_E2RF1 Catchments by Major River Basins in the Conterminous United States: NLCD 2001 Tree Canopy
Michael Wieczorek, Andrew E. LaMotte
2010, Data Series 491-06
This tabular data set represents the mean percent tree canopy from the Canopy Layer of the National Land Cover Dataset 2001 (LaMotte and Wieczorek, 2010), compiled for every MRB_E2RF1 catchment of Major River Basins (MRBs, Crawford and others, 2006). The source data set represents tree canopy percentage for the conterminous...
Soil organic carbon stocks in Alaska estimated with spatial and pedon data
Norman B. Bliss, J. Maursetter
2010, Soil Science Society of America Journal (74) 565-579
Temperatures in high-latitude ecosystems are increasing faster than the average rate of global warming, which may lead to a positive feedback for climate change by increasing the respiration rates of soil organic C. If a positive feedback is confirmed, soil C will represent a source of greenhouse gases that is...
