Measurement of bedload transport in sand-bed rivers: A look at two indirect sampling methods
Robert R. Holmes Jr.
John R. Gray, Jonathan B. Laronne, Jeffrey D. G. Marr, editor(s)
2010, Book chapter, Bedload-surrogate monitoring technologies
Sand-bed rivers present unique challenges to accurate measurement of the bedload transport rate using the traditional direct sampling methods of direct traps (for example the Helley-Smith bedload sampler). The two major issues are: 1) over sampling of sand transport caused by “mining” of sand due to the flow disturbance induced...
Historical arroyo formation: documentation of magnitude and timing of historical changes using repeat photography
Robert H. Webb, Richard Hereford
Robert H. Webb, Diane E. Boyer, Raymond M. Turner, editor(s)
2010, Book chapter, Repeat photography: methods and applications in the natural sciences
Mineralogical and chemical characteristics of some natural jarosites
George A. Desborough, Kathleen S. Smith, Heather A. Lowers, Gregg A. Swayze, Jane M. Hammarstrom, Sharon F. Diehl, Reinhard W. Leinz, Rhonda L. Driscoll
2010, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (74) 1041-1056
This paper presents a detailed study of the mineralogical, microscopic, thermal, and spectral characteristics of jarosite and natrojarosite minerals. Systematic mineralogic and chemical examination of a suite of 32 natural stoichiometric jarosite and natrojarosite samples from diverse supergene and hydrothermal environments indicates that there is only limited solid solution between...
A comprehensive multilocus phylogeny for the wood-warblers and a revised classification of the Parulidae (Aves)
I.J. Lovette, J. L. Perez-Eman, J.P. Sullivan, Richard C. Banks, I. Fiorentino, S. Cordoba-Cordoba, M. Echeverry-Galvis, F.K. Barker, K.J. Burns, J. Klicka, Scott M. Lanyon, E. Bermingham
2010, Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution (57) 753-770
The birds in the family Parulidae-commonly termed the New World warblers or wood-warblers-are a classic model radiation for studies of ecological and behavioral differentiation. Although the monophyly of a 'core' wood-warbler clade is well established, no phylogenetic hypothesis for this group has included a full sampling of wood-warbler species diversity....
Determining the effects of dams on subdaily variation in river flows at a whole-basin scale
J. K. H. Zimmerman, B. H. Letcher, K.H. Nislow, K.A. Lutz, F.J. Magilligan
2010, River Research and Applications (26) 1246-1260
River regulation can alter the frequency and magnitude of subdaily flow variations causing major impacts on ecological structure and function. We developed an approach to quantify subdaily flow variation for multiple sites across a large watershed to assess the potential impacts of different dam operations (flood control, run-of-river hydropower and...
Laboratory-based maximum slip rates in earthquake rupture zones and radiated energy
Art McGarr, Joe B. Fletcher, M. Boettcher, N. Beeler, J. Boatwright
2010, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (100) 3250-3260
Laboratory stick-slip friction experiments indicate that peak slip rates increase with the stresses loading the fault to cause rupture. If this applies also to earthquake fault zones, then the analysis of rupture processes is simplified inasmuch as the slip rates depend only on the local yield stress and are independent...
Context-specific influence of water temperature on brook trout growth rates in the field
C. Xu, B. H. Letcher, K.H. Nislow
2010, Freshwater Biology (55) 2253-2264
1. Modelling the effects of climate change on freshwater fishes requires robust field-based estimates accounting for interactions among multiple factors.2. We used data from an 8-year individual-based study of a wild brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) population to test the influence of water temperature on season-specific growth in the context of...
Caldera collapse: Perspectives from comparing Galápagos volcanoes, nuclear-test sinks, sandbox models, and volcanoes on Mars
K. A. Howard
2010, GSA Today (20) 4-10
The 1968 trapdoor collapse (1.5 km3) of Fernandina caldera in the Galapágos Islands developed the same kinds of structures as found in small sandbox-collapse models and in concentrically zoned sinks formed in desert alluvium by fault subsidence into underground nuclear-explosion cavities. Fernandina’s collapse developed through shear failure in which the...
Efficient estimators for adaptive stratified sequential sampling
M. Salehi, M. Moradi, Jennifer Brown, David R. Smith
2010, Journal of Statistical Computation and Simulation (80) 1163-1179
In stratified sampling, methods for the allocation of effort among strata usually rely on some measure of within-stratum variance. If we do not have enough information about these variances, adaptive allocation can be used. In adaptive allocation designs, surveys are conducted in two phases. Information from the first phase is...
Landscape-level impact of tropical forest loss and fragmentation on bird occurrence in eastern Guatemala
A. Cerezo, Susana Perelman, Chandler S. Robbins
2010, Ecological Modelling (221) 512-526
Tropical forest destruction and fragmentation of habitat patches may reduce population persistence at the landscape level. Given the complex nature of simultaneously evaluating the effects of these factors on biotic populations, statistical presence/absence modelling has become an important tool in conservation biology. This study uses logistic regression to evaluate the...
Tamarisk biocontrol in the western United States: Ecological and societal implications
Kevin Hultine, Jayne Belnap, Charles van Riper III, James R Ehleringer, Philip E. Dennison, Martha E. Lee, Pamela L. Nagler, Keirith A. Snyder, Shauna M. Uselman, Jason B. West
2010, Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment (8) 467-474
Tamarisk species (genus Tamarix), also commonly known as saltcedar, are among the most successful plant invaders in the western United States. At the same time, tamarisk has been cited as having enormous economic costs. Accordingly, local, state, and federal agencies have undertaken considerable efforts to eradicate this invasive plant and...
Mercury flux to sediments of Lake Tahoe, California–Nevada
Paul E. Drevnick, Avery L. C. Shinneman, Carl H. Lamborg, Daniel R Engstrom, Michael H. Bothner, James T. Oris
2010, Water, Air, & Soil Pollution (210) 399-407
We report estimates of mercury (Hg) flux to the sediments of Lake Tahoe, California–Nevada: 2 and 15–20 µg/m2/year in preindustrial and modern sediments, respectively. These values result in a modern to preindustrial flux ratio of 7.5–10, which is similar to flux ratios recently reported for other alpine lakes in California, and...
Identification of plant species by using high spatial and spectral resolution thermal infrared (8.0–13.5 μm) imagery
Beatriz Ribeiro da Luz, James K. Crowley
2010, Remote Sensing of the Environment (114) 404-413
High spatial and spectral resolution thermal infrared imagery (8.0–13.5 μm) from the SEBASS airborne sensor was used to analyze and map tree canopy spectral features at the State Arboretum of Virginia, near Boyce, Virginia. Fifty tree species were analyzed and about half were directly identified with varying degrees of success on...
Relations between fish abundances, summer temperatures, and forest harvest in a northern Minnesota stream system from 1997 to 2007
Eric C. Merten, Nathaniel A. Hemstad, Lori S. Eggert, L.B. Johnson, R.K. Kolka, Raymond M. Newman, Bruce C. Vondracek
2010, Ecology of Freshwater Fish (19) 63-73
Short‐term effects of forest harvest on fish habitat have been well documented, including sediment inputs, leaf litter reductions, and stream warming. However, few studies have considered changes in local climate when examining postlogging changes in fish communities. To address this need, we examined fish abundances between 1997 and 2007 in...
The ecology of dust
Jason P. Field, Jayne Belnap, David D. Breshears, Jason C. Neff, Gregory S Okin, J.J. Whicker, Thomas H. Painter, Sujith Ravi, Marith C. Reheis, Richard L. Reynolds
2010, Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment (8) 423-430
Wind erosion and associated dust emissions play a fundamental role in many ecological processes and provide important biogeochemical connectivity at scales ranging from individual plants up to the entire globe. Yet, most ecological studies do not explicitly consider dust‐driven processes, perhaps because most relevant research on aeolian (wind‐driven) processes has...
An automated approach for reconstructing recent forest disturbance history using dense Landsat time series stacks
Chengquan Huang, Samuel N. Goward, Jeffery G. Masek, Nancy Thomas, Zhiliang Zhu, James Vogelmann
2010, Remote Sensing of Environment (114) 183-198
A highly automated algorithm called vegetation change tracker (VCT) has been developed for reconstructing recent forest disturbance history using Landsat time series stacks (LTSS). This algorithm is based on the spectral–temporal properties of land cover and forest change processes, and requires little or no fine tuning for most forests with...
Shifting microbial community structure across a marine terrace grassland chronosequence, Santa Cruz, California
Joel Moore, J. L. Macalady, Marjorie S. Schulz, Arthur F. White, Susan L. Brantley
2010, Soil Biology and Biochemistry (42) 21-31
Changes in the biomass and structure of soil microbial communities have the potential to impact ecosystems via interactions with plants and weathering minerals. Previous studies of forested long-term (1000s – 100,000s of years) chronosequences suggest that surface microbial communities change with soil age. However, significant gaps remain in our understanding...
Polychlorinated biphenyls, dioxins, furans, and organochlorine pesticides in belted kingfisher eggs from the upper Hudson River basin, New York, USA
Thomas W. Custer, Christine M. Custer, Brian R. Gray
2010, Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (29) 99-110
Nesting belted kingfishers (hereafter kingfishers, Ceryle alcyon) were studied on the Hudson River near Fort Edward south to New Baltimore (NY, USA) and three nearby river drainages in 2004. Concentrations of 28 organochlorine pesticides, 160 polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners, and 17 dioxin and furan (PCDD‐F) congeners were quantified in kingfisher eggs....
Effect of hypersaline cooling canals on aquifer salinization
Joseph D. Hughes, Christian D. Langevin, Linzy Brakefield-Goswami
2010, Hydrogeology Journal (18) 25-38
The combined effect of salinity and temperature on density-driven convection was evaluated in this study for a large (28 km2) cooling canal system (CCS) at a thermoelectric power plant in south Florida, USA. A two-dimensional cross-section model was used to evaluate the effects of hydraulic heterogeneities, cooling canal salinity, heat transport,...
Spatial and temporal dynamics of lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) health indicators: linking individual-based indicators to a management-relevant endpoint
Tyler Wagner, Michael L. Jones, Mark P. Ebener, Michael T. Arts, Travis O. Brenden, Dale C. Honeyfield, Gregory M. Wright, Mohamed Faisal
2010, Journal of Great Lakes Research (36) 121-134
We examined the spatial and temporal dynamics of health indicators in four lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) stocks located in northern lakes Michigan and Huron from 2003 to 2006. The specific objectives were to (1) quantify spatial and temporal variability in health indicators; (2) examine relationships among nutritional indicators and stock-specific...
Effects of temperature on silicate weathering: Solute fluxes and chemical weathering in a temperate rain forest watershed, Jamieson Creek, British Columbia
Benjamin F. Turner, Arthur F. White, Susan L. Brantley
2010, Chemical Geology (369) 62-78
Chemical weathering of silicate minerals has long been known as a sink for atmospheric CO2, and feedbacks between weathering and climate are believed to affect global climate. While warmer temperatures are believed to increase rates of weathering, weathering in cool climates can be accelerated by increased mineral exposure due...
Web-enabled Landsat Data (WELD): Landsat ETM+ composited mosaics of the conterminous United States
David P. Roy, Junchang Ju, Kristi L. Kline, P. L. Scaramuzza, Valeriy Kovalskyy, Matt Hansen, Thomas Loveland, Eric Vermote, Chunsun Zhang
2010, Remote Sensing of Environment (114) 35-49
Since January 2008, the U.S. Department of Interior / U.S. Geological Survey have been providing free terrain-corrected (Level 1T) Landsat Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) data via the Internet, currently for acquisitions with less than 40% cloud cover. With this rich dataset, temporally composited, mosaics of the conterminous United States (CONUS) were...
Streamflow, water quality, and constituent loads and yields, Scituate Reservoir drainage area, Rhode Island, water year 2002
Robert F. Breault
2010, Open-File Report 2009-1041
Streamflow and water-quality data were collected by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) or the Providence Water Supply Board, Rhode Island's largest drinking-water supplier. Streamflow was measured or estimated by the USGS following standard methods at 23 streamflow-gaging stations; 10 of these stations were also equipped with instrumentation capable of continuously...
Mercury sources to Lake Ozette and Lake Dickey: Highly contaminated remote coastal lakes, Washington State, USA
Chad Van Furl, John A. Colman, Michael H. Bothner
2010, Water, Air, & Soil Pollution (208) 275-286
Mercury concentrations in largemouth bass and mercury accumulation rates in age-dated sediment cores were examined at Lake Ozette and Lake Dickey in Washington State. Goals of the study were to compare concentrations in fish tissues at the two lakes with a larger statewide dataset and examine mercury pathways to the...
Phosphorus and iron cycling in deep saprolite, Luquillo Mountains, Puerto Rico
Heather L. Buss, R. Mathur, Arthur F. White, Susan L. Brantley
2010, Chemical Geology (269) 52-61
Rapid weathering and erosion rates in mountainous tropical watersheds lead to highly variable soil and saprolite thicknesses which in turn impact nutrient fluxes and biological populations. In the Luquillo Mountains of Puerto Rico, a 5-m thick saprolite contains high microorganism densities at the surface and at depth overlying bedrock....
