Application of the surface azimuthal electrical resistivity survey method to determine patterns of regional joint orientation in glacial tills
David R. Carlson
2010, Environmental Geosciences (17) 175-192
Joints within unconsolidated material such as glacial till can be primary avenues for the flow of electrical charge, water, and contaminants. To facilitate the siting and design of remediation programs, a need exists to map anisotropic distribution of such pathways within glacial tills by determining the azimuth of the dominant...
Gravity modeling of the Muertos Trough and tectonic implications (north-eastern Caribbean)
Bruna J.L. Granja, A. Munoz-Martin, Uri S. ten Brink, Andres Carbo-Gorosabel, Estrada P. Llanes, J. Martin-Davila, D. Cordoba-Barba, Morollon M. Catalan
2010, Marine Geophysical Research (31) 263-283
The Muertos Trough in the northeast Caribbean has been interpreted as a subduction zone from seismicity, leading to infer a possible reversal subduction polarity. However, the distribution of the seismicity is very diffuse and makes definition of the plate geometry difficult. In addition, the compressive deformational features observed in the...
Rapid evolution in lekking grouse: Implications for taxonomic definitions
Sara J. Oyler-McCance, Judy St. John, Thomas W. Quinn
2010, Ornithological Monographs (67) 114-122
Species and subspecies delineations were traditionally defined by morphological and behavioral traits, as well as by plumage characteristics. Molecular genetic data have more recently been used to assess these classifications and, in many cases, to redefine them. The recent practice of utilizing molecular genetic data to examine taxonomic questions has...
A revised ground-motion and intensity interpolation scheme for shakemap
C.B. Worden, D.J. Wald, T.I. Allen, K. Lin, D. Garcia, G. Cua
2010, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (100) 3083-3096
We describe a weighted-average approach for incorporating various types of data (observed peak ground motions and intensities and estimates from groundmotion prediction equations) into the ShakeMap ground motion and intensity mapping framework. This approach represents a fundamental revision of our existing ShakeMap methodology. In addition, the increased availability of near-real-time...
The role of soil drainage class in carbon dioxide exchange and decomposition in boreal black spruce (Picea mariana) forest stands
K.P. Wickland, J. C. Neff, J.W. Harden
2010, Canadian Journal of Forest Research (40) 2123-2134
Black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P.) forest stands range from well drained to poorly drained, typically contain large amounts of soil organic carbon (SOC), and are often underlain by permafrost. To better understand the role of soil drainage class in carbon dioxide (CO2) exchange and decomposition, we measured soil respiration...
Effects of landscape features on waterbird use of rice fields
S. King, C.S. Elphick, D. Guadagnin, O. Taft, T. Amano
2010, Waterbirds (33) 151-159
Literature is reviewed to determine the effects of landscape features on waterbird use of fields in regions where rice (Oryza sativa) is grown. Rice-growing landscapes often consist of diverse land uses and land cover, including rice fields, irrigation ditches, other agricultural fields, grasslands, forests and natural wetlands. Numerous studies indicate...
Broad accommodation of rift-related extension recorded by dyke intrusion in Saudi Arabia
J.S. Pallister, W.A. McCausland, Sigurjon Jonsson, Z. Lu, H.M. Zahran, Hadidy S. El, A. Aburukbah, I.C.F. Stewart, P.R. Lundgren, R.A. White, M.R.H. Moufti
2010, Nature Geoscience (3) 705-712
The extensive harrat lava province of Arabia formed during the past 30 million years in response to Red Sea rifting and mantle upwelling. The area was regarded as seismically quiet, but between April and June 2009 a swarm of more than 30,000 earthquakes struck one of the lava fields in...
Effects of amphibian chytrid fungus on individual survival probability in wild boreal toads
D. S. Pilliod, E. Muths, R. D. Scherer, P.E. Bartelt, P.S. Corn, B. R. Hossack, B.A. Lambert, R. Mccaffery, C. Gaughan
2010, Conservation Biology (24) 1259-1267
Chytridiomycosis is linked to the worldwide decline of amphibians, yet little is known about the demographic effects of the disease. We collected capture-recapture data on three populations of boreal toads (Bufo boreas [Bufo = Anaxyrus]) in the Rocky Mountains (U.S.A.). Two of the populations were infected with chytridiomycosis and one...
Teaching citizen science skills online: Implications for invasive species training programs
G. Newman, A. Crall, M. Laituri, J. Graham, T. Stohlgren, J.C. Moore, K. Kodrich, K.A. Holfelder
2010, Applied Environmental Education and Communication (9) 276-286
Citizen science programs are emerging as an efficient way to increase data collection and help monitor invasive species. Effective invasive species monitoring requires rigid data quality assurances if expensive control efforts are to be guided by volunteer data. To achieve data quality, effective online training is needed to improve field...
Ground-motion modeling of Hayward fault scenario earthquakes, part II: Simulation of long-period and broadband ground motions
Brad T. Aagaard, Robert W. Graves, Arthur Rodgers, Thomas M. Brocher, Robert W. Simpson, Douglas Dreger, N. Anders Petersson, Shawn C. Larsen, Shuo Ma, Robert C. Jachens
2010, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (100) 2945-2977
We simulate long-period (T>1.0–2.0 s) and broadband (T>0.1 s) ground motions for 39 scenario earthquakes (Mw 6.7–7.2) involving the Hayward, Calaveras, and Rodgers Creek faults. For rupture on the Hayward fault, we consider the effects of creep on coseismic slip using two different approaches, both of which reduce the ground...
Treated wastewater and Nitrate transport beneath irrigated fields near Dodge city, Kansas
M. Sophocleous, M.A. Townsend, F. Vocasek, Liwang Ma, K.C. Ashok
2010, Current Research in Earth Sciences (258) 1-31
Use of secondary-treated municipal wastewater for crop irrigation south of Dodge City, Kansas, where the soils are mainly of silty clay loam texture, has raised a concern that it has resulted in high nitratenitrogen concentrations (10-50 mg/kg) in the soil and deeper vadose zone, and also in the underlying deep...
Comparison of aquifer characterization approaches through steady state groundwater model validation: A controlled laboratory sandbox study
W.A. Illman, J. Zhu, A.J. Craig, D. Yin
2010, Water Resources Research (46)
Groundwater modeling has become a vital component to water supply and contaminant transport investigations. An important component of groundwater modeling under steady state conditions is selecting a representative hydraulic conductivity (K) estimate or set of estimates which defines the K field of the studied region. Currently, there are a number...
The ecological limits of hydrologic alteration (ELOHA): A new framework for developing regional environmental flow standards
N.L. Poff, B. D. Richter, A.H. Arthington, S.E. Bunn, R.J. Naiman, E. Kendy, M. Acreman, C. Apse, B.P. Bledsoe, Mary C. Freeman, J. Henriksen, R. B. Jacobson, J.G. Kennen, D.M. Merritt, J. H. O’Keeffe, J. D. Olden, K. Rogers, R.E. Tharme, A. Warner
2010, Freshwater Biology (55) 147-170
The flow regime is a primary determinant of the structure and function of aquatic and riparian ecosystems for streams and rivers. Hydrologic alteration has impaired riverine ecosystems on a global scale, and the pace and intensity of human development greatly exceeds the ability of scientists to assess the effects on...
Functional response models to estimate feeding rates of wading birds
J.A. Collazo, J.F. Gilliam, L. Miranda-Castro
2010, Waterbirds (33) 33-40
Forager (predator) abundance may mediate feeding rates in wading birds. Yet, when modeled, feeding rates are typically derived from the purely prey-dependent Holling Type II (HoII) functional response model. Estimates of feeding rates are necessary to evaluate wading bird foraging strategies and their role in food webs; thus, models that...
Summer spatial patterning of chukars in relation to free water in Western Utah
R.T. Larsen, J.A. Bissonette, J.T. Flinders, M.B. Hooten, T.L. Wilson
2010, Landscape Ecology (25) 135-145
Free water is considered important to wildlife in arid regions. In the western United States, thousands of water developments have been built to benefit wildlife in arid landscapes. Agencies and researchers have yet to clearly demonstrate their effectiveness. We combined a spatial analysis of summer chukar (Alectoris chukar) covey locations...
Desert wildfire and severe drought diminish survivorship of the long-lived Joshua Tree (Yucca brevifolia; Agavaceae)
L.A. DeFalco, T. C. Esque, S. J. Scoles-Sciulla, J. Rodgers
2010, American Journal of Botany (97) 243-250
Extreme climate events are transforming plant communities in the desert Southwest of the United States. Abundant precipitation in 1998 associated with El Ni??o Southern Oscillation (ENSO) stimulated exceptional alien annual plant production in the Mojave Desert that fueled wildfires in 1999. Exacerbated by protracted drought, 80% of the burned Yucca...
Measurement of field-saturated hydraulic conductivity on fractured rock outcrops near Altamura (Southern Italy) with an adjustable large ring infiltrometer
Maria C. Caputo, L. de Carlo, C. Masciopinto, J. R. Nimmo
2010, Environmental Earth Sciences (60) 583-590
Up to now, field studies set up to measure field-saturated hydraulic conductivity to evaluate contamination risks, have employed small cylinders that may not be representative of the scale of measurements in heterogeneous media. In this study, a large adjustable ring infiltrometer was designed to be installed on-site directly on rock...
Controls of suspended sediment concentration, nutrient content, and transport in a subtropical wetland
G.B. Noe, J. W. Harvey, R.W. Schaffranek, L. G. Larsen
2010, Wetlands (30) 39-54
Redistribution of largely organic sediment from low elevation sloughs to higher elevation ridges is a leading hypothesis for the formation and maintenance of the native ridge and slough landscape pattern found in peat wetlands of the Florida Everglades. We tested this redistribution hypothesis by measuring the concentration and characteristics of...
Timing and origin for sand dunes in the Green River Lowland of Illinois, upper Mississippi River Valley, USA
X. Miao, P.R. Hanson, Hongfang Wang, A.R. Young
2010, Quaternary Science Reviews (29) 763-773
The recent increase in dune studies in North America has been heavily focused in the Great Plains, while less attention has historically been given to the dune fields east of the Mississippi River. Here we report ages and suggest a potential sediment source for sand dunes in the Green River...
New seismic hazard maps for Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands
Charles S. Mueller, Arthur D. Frankel, Mark D. Petersen, Edgar V. Leyendecker
2010, Earthquake Spectra (26) 169-185
The probabilistic methodology developed by the U.S. Geological Survey is applied to a new seismic hazard assessment for Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands. Modeled seismic sources include gridded historical seismicity, subduction-interface and strike-slip faults with known slip rates, and two broad zones of crustal extension with seismicity rates...
Development of a molecular diagnostic system to discriminate Dreissena polymorpha (zebra mussel) and Dreissena bugensis (quagga mussel)
M.S. Hoy, K. Kelly, R. J. Rodriguez
2010, Molecular Ecology Resources (10) 190-192
A 3-primer PCR system was developed to discriminate invasive zebra (Dreissena polymorpha) and quagga (Dreissena bugensis) mussel. The system is based on: 1) universal primers that amplifies a region of the nuclear 28s rDNA gene from both species and 2) a species-specific primer complementary to either zebra or quagga mussel....
Saturn's icy satellites investigated by Cassini-VIMS. II. Results at the end of nominal mission
G. Filacchione, F. Capaccioni, R. N. Clark, J.N. Cuzzi, D. P. Cruikshank, A. Coradini, P. Cerroni, P. D. Nicholson, T. B. McCord, R. H. Brown, B. J. Buratti, F. Tosi, R.M. Nelson, R. Jaumann, K. Stephan
2010, Icarus (206) 507-523
We report the detailed analysis of the spectrophotometric properties of Saturn's icy satellites as derived by full-disk observations obtained by visual and infrared mapping spectrometer (VIMS) experiment aboard Cassini. In this paper, we have extended the coverage until the end of the Cassini's nominal mission (June 1st 2008), while a...
Alexandria's Eastern Harbor, Egypt: Pollen, microscopic charcoal, and the transition from natural to human-modified basin
J.-D. Stanley, C.E. Bernhardt
2010, Journal of Coastal Research (26) 67-79
Pollen and microscopic charcoal examined in Holocene sediment core samples record major environmental modifications affecting Alexandria's Eastern Harbor through time. We assess whether such changes on Egypt's coastal margin were influenced primarily by natural, or natural plus human, or primarily human factors. We focus on (1) the times when pollen...
Erosion and vegetation restoration impacts on ecosystem carbon dynamics in South China
X. Tang, Shuguang Liu, G. Zhou
2010, Soil Science Society of America Journal (74) 272-281
To quantify the consequences of erosion and vegetation restoration on ecosystem C dynamics (a key element in understanding the terrestrial C cycle), field measurements were collected since 1959 at two experimental sites set up on highly disturbed barren land in South China. One site had received...
Traveling around Cape Horn: Otolith chemistry reveals a mixed stock of Patagonian hoki with separate Atlantic and Pacific spawning grounds
P.C. Schuchert, A.I. Arkhipkin, A.E. Koenig
2010, Fisheries Research (102) 80-86
Trace element fingerprints of edge and core regions in otoliths from 260 specimens of Patagonian hoki, Macruronus magellanicus L??nnberg, 1907, were analyzed by LA-ICPMS to reveal whether this species forms one or more population units (stocks) in the Southern Oceans. Fish were caught on their spawning grounds in Chile and...
