A frozen record of density-driven crustal overturn in lava lakes: The example of Kilauea Iki 1959
W.K. Stovall, Bruce F. Houghton, A.J.L. Harris, D. A. Swanson
2009, Bulletin of Volcanology (71) 313-318
Lava lakes are found at basaltic volcanoes on Earth and other planetary bodies. Density-driven crustal foundering leading to surface renewal occurs repeatedly throughout the life of a lava lake. This process has been observed and described in a qualitative sense, but due to dangerous conditions, no data has been acquired...
Near term climate projections for invasive species distributions
C. S. Jarnevich, T.J. Stohlgren
2009, Biological Invasions (11) 1373-1379
Climate change and invasive species pose important conservation issues separately, and should be examined together. We used existing long term climate datasets for the US to project potential climate change into the future at a finer spatial and temporal resolution than the climate change scenarios generally available. These fine scale...
Movements of juvenile Gyrfalcons from western and interior Alaska following departure from their natal areas
Carol L. McIntyre, David C. Douglas, Layne G. Adams
2009, Journal of Raptor Research (43) 99-109
Juvenile raptors often travel thousands of kilometers from the time they leave their natal areas to the time they enter a breeding population. Documenting movements and identifying areas used by raptors before they enter a breeding population is important for understanding the factors that influence their survival. In North America,...
Sources and transformations of nitrate from streams draining varying land uses: Evidence from dual isotope analysis
Douglas A. Burns, E.W. Boyer, E.M. Elliott, C. Kendall
2009, Journal of Environmental Quality (38) 1149-1159
Knowledge of key sources and biogeochemical processes that affect the transport of nitrate (NO3-) in streams can inform watershed management strategies for controlling downstream eutrophication. We applied dual isotope analysis of NO3- to determine the dominant sources and processes that affect NO3- concentrations in six stream/river watersheds of different land...
Geochemistry of surface water in alpine catchments in central Colorado, USA: Resolving host-rock effects at different spatial scales
R. B. Wanty, P. L. Verplanck, Juan C.A. San, S. E. Church, T.S. Schmidt, D.L. Fey, E.H. deWitt, T. L. Klein
2009, Applied Geochemistry (24) 600-610
The US Geological Survey is conducting a study of surface-water quality in the Rocky Mountains of central Colorado, an area of approximately 55,000 km2. Using new and existing geologic maps, the more than 200 rock formations represented in the area were arranged into 17 groups based on lithologic similarity. The...
Distribution, density, and biomass of introduced small mammals in the southern mariana islands
A.S. Wiewel, A.A.Y. Adams, G.H. Rodda
2009, Pacific Science (63) 205-222
Although it is generally accepted that introduced small mammals have detrimental effects on island ecology, our understanding of these effects is frequently limited by incomplete knowledge of small mammal distribution, density, and biomass. Such information is especially critical in the Mariana Islands, where small mammal density is inversely related to...
Estimation of sediment sources using selected chemical tracers in the Perry lake basin, Kansas, USA
K. E. Juracek, A.C. Ziegler
2009, International Journal of Sediment Research (24) 108-125
The ability to achieve meaningful decreases in sediment loads to reservoirs requires a determination of the relative importance of sediment sources within the contributing basins. In an investigation of sources of fine-grained sediment (clay and silt) within the Perry Lake Basin in northeast Kansas, representative samples of channel-bank sources, surface-soil...
Anatomy of the dead sea transform from lithospheric to microscopic scale
M. Weber, K. Abu-Ayyash, A. Abueladas, A. Agnon, Z. Alasonati-Tasarova, H. Al-Zubi, A. Babeyko, Y. Bartov, K. Bauer, M. Becken, P. A. Bedrosian, Z. Ben-Avraham, G. Bock, M. Bohnhoff, J. Bribach, P. Dulski, J. Ebbing, R. El-Kelani, A. Forster, H.-J. Forster, U. Frieslander, Z. Garfunkel, H.J. Goetze, V. Haak, C. Haberland, M. Hassouneh, S. Helwig, A. Hofstetter, A. Hoffmann-Rotrie, K.H. Jackel, C. Janssen, D. Jaser, D. Kesten, M. Khatib, R. Kind, O. Koch, I. Koulakov, Gabi Laske, N. Maercklin, R. Masarweh, A. Masri, A. Matar, J. Mechie, N. Meqbel, B. Plessen, P. Moller, A. Mohsen, R. Oberhansli, S. Oreshin, A. Petrunin, I. Qabbani, I. Rabba, O. Ritter, R.L. Romer, G. Rumpker, M. Rybakov, T. Ryberg, J. Saul, F. Scherbaum, S. Schmidt, A. Schulze, S.V. Sobolev, M. Stiller, D. Stromeyer, K. Tarawneh, C. Trela, U. Weckmann, U. Wetzel, K. Wylegalla
2009, Reviews of Geophysics (47)
Fault zones are the locations where motion of tectonic plates, often associated with earthquakes, is accommodated. Despite a rapid increase in the understanding of faults in the last decades, our knowledge of their geometry, petrophysical properties, and controlling processes remains incomplete. The central questions addressed here in our study of...
Evaluation of irrigation canal networks to assess stream connectivity in a watershed
M.E. Colvin, C.M. Moffitt
2009, River Research and Applications (25) 486-496
We used digital data sets, aerial photos and direct field observations in a geographical information system to evaluate the stream habitat in an Idaho watershed affected by agriculture. We found that the scale of the digital data sets affected the outcome of the assessment due to the presence of dewatered...
International importance of the eastern Chukchi Sea as a staging area for migrating king eiders
S. Oppel, D. Lynne. Dickson, A.N. Powell
2009, Polar Biology (32) 775-783
The evaluation of habitats used by arctic birds on migration is crucial for their conservation. We explored the importance of the eastern Chukchi Sea (ECS) as a staging area for king eiders (Somateria spectabilis) migrating between breeding areas in Siberia and western North America and wintering areas in the Bering...
Arc-continent collision and the formation of continental crust: A new geochemical and isotopic record from the Ordovician Tyrone Igneous Complex, Ireland
Amy E. Draut, Peter D. Clift, Jeffrey M. Amato, Jerzy Blusztajn, Hans Schouten
2009, Journal of the Geological Society (166) 485-500
Collisions between oceanic island-arc terranes and passive continental margins are thought to have been important in the formation of continental crust throughout much of Earth's history. Magmatic evolution during this stage of the plate-tectonic cycle is evident in several areas of the Ordovician Grampian-Taconic orogen, as we demonstrate in the...
Environmental influences on speleothem growth in southwestern Oregon during the last 380, 000 years
Vasile Ersek, Steven W. Hostetler, Hai Cheng, Peter U. Clark, Faron S. Anslow, Alan C. Mix, R. Lawrence Edwards
2009, Earth and Planetary Science Letters (279) 316-325
The growth of carbonate formations in caves (speleothems) is sensitive to changes in environmental conditions at the surface (temperature, precipitation and vegetation) and can provide useful paleoclimatic and paleoenvironmental information. We use 73 230Th dates from speleothems collected from a cave in southwestern Oregon (USA) to constrain speleothem growth for...
Stress evolution following the 1999 Chi-Chi, Taiwan, earthquake: Consequences for afterslip, relaxation, aftershocks and departures from Omori decay
C.-H. Chan, R.S. Stein
2009, Geophysical Journal International (177) 179-192
We explore how Coulomb stress transfer and viscoelastic relaxation control afterslip and aftershocks in a continental thrust fault system. The 1999 September 21 Mw = 7.6 Chi-Chi shock is typical of continental ramp-d??collement systems throughout the world, and so inferences drawn from this uniquely well-recorded event may be widely applicable....
Site condition, structure, and growth of baldcypress along tidal/non-tidal salinity gradients
K. W. Krauss, J.A. Duberstein, T.W. Doyle, W.H. Conner, Richard H. Day, L.W. Inabinette, J.L. Whitbeck
2009, Wetlands (29) 505-519
This report documents changes in forest structure and growth potential of dominant trees in salt-impacted tidal and non-tidal baldcypress wetlands of the southeastern United States. We inventoried basal area and tree height, and monitored incremental growth (in basal area) of codominant baldcypress (Taxodium distichum) trees monthly, for over four years,...
Toward immunogenetic studies of amphibian chytridiomycosis: Linking innate and acquired immunity
J.Q. Richmond, Anna E. Savage, Kelly R. Zamudio, E.B. Rosenblum
2009, BioScience (59) 311-320
Recent declines in amphibian diversity and abundance have contributed significantly to the global loss of biodiversity. The fungal disease chytridiomycosis is widely considered to be a primary cause of these declines, yet the critical question of why amphibian species differ in susceptibility remains unanswered. Considerable evidence links environmental conditions and...
An experimental study of hydromagmatic fragmentation through energetic, non-explosive magma-water mixing
L.G. Mastin, O. Spieler, W.S. Downey
2009, Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research (180) 161-170
In this paper we report the first experimental investigation of non-explosive hydromagmatic fragmentation during energetic mixing with water. We mix magma and water by two methods: (1) pouring a basaltic melt between two converging water sprays; and (2) jetting basaltic melt at high pressure (3??MPa) through a nozzle into a...
Hematology of healthy Florida manatees (Trichechus manatus)
J. W. Harvey, K.E. Harr, D. Murphy, M.T. Walsh, E.C. Nolan, R. K. Bonde, M.G. Pate, C. J. Deutsch, H.H. Edwards, W.L. Clapp
2009, Veterinary Clinical Pathology (38) 183-193
Background: Hematologic analysis is an important tool in evaluating the general health status of free-ranging manatees and in the diagnosis and monitoring of rehabilitating animals. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate diagnostically important hematologic analytes in healthy manatees (Trichechus manatus) and to assess variations with respect to...
Implications for the dynamic health of a glacier from comparison of conventional and reference-surface balances
W.D. Harrison, L.H. Cox, R. Hock, R.S. March, E.C. Pettit
2009, Annals of Glaciology (50) 25-30
Conventional and reference-surface mass-balance data from Gulkana and Wolverine Glaciers, Alaska, USA, are used to address the questions of how rapidly these glaciers are adjusting (or 'responding') to climate, whether their responses are stable, and whether the glaciers are likely to survive in today's climate. Instability means that a glacier...
Climatic implications of reconstructed early - Mid Pliocene equilibrium-line altitudes in the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica
A.G. Krusic, M.L. Prentice, J. M. Licciardi
2009, Annals of Glaciology (50) 31-36
Early-mid Pliocene moraines in the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica, are more extensive than the present alpine glaciers in this region, indicating substantial climatic differences between the early-mid Pliocene and the present. To quantify this difference in the glacier-climate regime, we estimated the equilibrium-line altitude (ELA) change since the early-mid Pliocene...
Biogeochemistry at a wetland sediment-alluvial aquifer interface in a landfill leachate plume
M.M. Lorah, I.M. Cozzarelli, J.K. Böhlke
2009, Journal of Contaminant Hydrology (105) 99-117
The biogeochemistry at the interface between sediments in a seasonally ponded wetland (slough) and an alluvial aquifer contaminated with landfill leachate was investigated to evaluate factors that can effect natural attenuation of landfill leachate contaminants in areas of groundwater/surface-water interaction. The biogeochemistry at the wetland-alluvial aquifer interface differed greatly between...
Evaluating the spatial variation of total mercury in young-of-year yellow perch (Perca flavescens), surface water and upland soil for watershed-lake systems within the southern Boreal Shield
M.C. Gabriel, R. Kolka, T. Wickman, E. Nater, Laurel G. Woodruff
2009, Science of the Total Environment (407) 4117-4126
The primary objective of this research is to investigate relationships between mercury in upland soil, lake water and fish tissue and explore the cause for the observed spatial variation of THg in age one yellow perch (Perca flavescens) for ten lakes within the Superior National Forest. Spatial relationships between yellow...
The numerical and functional responses of a granivorous rodent and the fate of Neotropical tree seeds
R. Klinger, M. Rejmanek
2009, Ecology (90) 1549-1563
Despite their potential to provide mechanistic explanations of rates of seed dispersal and seed fate, the functional and numerical responses of seed predators have never been explicitly examined within this context. Therefore, we investigated the numerical response of a small-mammal seed predator, Heteromys desmarestianus, to disturbance-induced changes in food availability...
Plasma biochemistry values in emperor geese (Chen canagica) in Alaska: Comparisons among age, sex, incubation, and molt
J. Christian Franson, D. J. Hoffman, Joel A. Schmutz
2009, Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine (40) 321-327
Reduced populations of emperor geese (Chen canagica), a Bering Sea endemic, provided the need to assess plasma biochemistry values as indicators of population health. A precursory step to such an investigation was to evaluate patterns of variability in plasma biochemistry values among age, sex, and reproductive period. Plasma from...
Coalbed methane: Clean energy for the world
A.-J. Ahmed, S. Johnston, C. Boyer, S.W. Lambert, O.A. Bustos, J.C. Pashin, A. Wray
2009, Oilfield Review (21) 4-13
Coalbed methane (CBM) has the potential to emerge as a significant clean energy resource. It also has the potential to replace other diminishing hydrocarbon reserves. The latest developments in technologies and methodologies are playing a key role in harnessing this unconventional resource. Some of these developments include adaptations of existing...
Mercury cycling in stream ecosystems. 2. Benthic methylmercury production and bed sediment - Pore water partitioning
Mark Marvin-DiPasquale, Michelle A. Lutz, Mark E. Brigham, David P. Krabbenhoft, George R. Aiken, William H. Orem, Britt D. Hall
2009, Environmental Science & Technology (43) 2726-2732
Mercury speciation, controls on methylmercury (MeHg) production, and bed sediment−pore water partitioning of total Hg (THg) and MeHg were examined in bed sediment from eight geochemically diverse streams where atmospheric deposition was the predominant Hg input. Across all streams, sediment THg concentrations were best described as a combined function of...
