Use of predictive models and rapid methods to nowcast bacteria levels at coastal beaches
Donna S. Francy
2009, Aquatic Ecosystem Health & Management (12) 177-182
The need for rapid assessments of recreational water quality to better protect public health is well accepted throughout the research and regulatory communities. Rapid analytical methods, such as quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and immunomagnetic separation/adenosine triphosphate (ATP) analysis, are being tested but are not yet ready for widespread use.Another...
Tsunami exposure estimation with land-cover data: Oregon and the Cascadia subduction zone
N. Wood
2009, Applied Geography (29) 158-170
A Cascadia subduction-zone earthquake has the potential to generate tsunami waves which would impact more than 1000 km of coastline on the west coast of the United States and Canada. Although the predictable extent of tsunami inundation is similar for low-lying land throughout the region, human use of tsunami-prone land...
Projected climate-induced faunal change in the Western Hemisphere
J.J. Lawler, S.L. Shafer, D. White, P. Kareiva, E.P. Maurer, A.R. Blaustein, P. J. Bartlein
2009, Ecology (90) 588-597
Climate change is predicted to be one of the greatest drivers of ecological change in the coming century. Increases in temperature over the last century have clearly been linked to shifts in species distributions. Given the magnitude of projected future climatic changes, we can expect even larger range shifts in...
Site fidelity, mate fidelity, and breeding dispersal in American kestrels
K. Steenhof, B.E. Peterson
2009, Wilson Journal of Ornithology (121) 12-21
We assessed mate fidelity, nest-box fidelity, and breeding dispersal distances of American Kestrels (falco sparverius) nesting in boxes in southwestern Idaho from 1990 through 2006. Seventy-seven percent of boxes had different males and 87% had different females where nest-box occupants were identified in consecutive years. High turnover rates were partly...
A comparison of seed banks across a sand dune successional gradient at Lake Michigan dunes (Indiana, USA)
S. A. Leicht-Young, N.B. Pavlovic, R. Grundel, K.J. Frohnapple
2009, Plant Ecology (202) 299-308
In habitats where disturbance is frequent, seed banks are important for the regeneration of vegetation. Sand dune systems are dynamic habitats in which sand movement provides intermittent disturbance. As succession proceeds from bare sand to forest, the disturbance decreases. At Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore, we examined the seed banks of...
Simulating hydrologic and hydraulic processes throughout the Amazon River Basin
R.E. Beighley, K.G. Eggert, T. Dunne, Y. He, V. Gummadi, K.L. Verdin
2009, Hydrological Processes (23) 1221-1235
Presented here is a model framework based on a land surface topography that can be represented with various degrees of resolution and capable of providing representative channel/floodplain hydraulic characteristics on a daily to hourly scale. The framework integrates two models: (1) a water balance model (WBM) for the vertical fluxes...
Factors influencing coastal cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii clarkii) seasonal survival rates: A spatially continuous approach within stream networks
A.M. Berger, R. E. Gresswell
2009, Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences (66) 613-632
Mark-recapture methods were used to examine watershed-scale survival of coastal cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii clarkii) from two headwater stream networks. A total of 1725 individuals (???100 mm, fork length) were individually marked and monitored seasonally over a 3-year period. Differences in survival were compared among spatial (stream segment, subwatershed, and...
Analytical modeling of gravity changes and crustal deformation at volcanoes: The Long Valley caldera, California, case study
Maurizio Battaglia, D.P. Hill
2009, Tectonophysics (471) 45-57
Joint measurements of ground deformation and micro-gravity changes are an indispensable component for any volcano monitoring strategy. A number of analytical mathematical models are available in the literature that can be used to fit geodetic data and infer source location, depth and density. Bootstrap statistical methods allow estimations of the...
Body size and predatory performance in wolves: Is bigger better?
D.R. MacNulty, D.W. Smith, L.D. Mech, L.E. Eberly
2009, Journal of Animal Ecology (78) 532-539
Large body size hinders locomotor performance in ways that may lead to trade-offs in predator foraging ability that limit the net predatory benefit of larger size. For example, size-related improvements in handling prey may come at the expense of pursuing prey and thus negate any enhancement in overall predatory performance...
Models of pure CO2 and pure CH4 adsorption on the late paleozoic coals from the Kailuan Coalfield, Hebei, China
S. Dai, B. Zhang, S. Peng, X. Zhang, C. Chou
2009, Acta Geologica Sinica (83) 731-737
Isothermal adsorption experiments of pure CO2 and CH4 on different coals in rank (the No. 11 Coal from the Linnancang Mine and the No. 9 Coal from the Majiagou Mine) from the Kailuan Coalfield of Hebei Province, China, have been studied. Four different models (Langmuir, BET, D-R, and D-A) were...
Lake St. Clair zooplankton: Evidence for post-Dreissena changes
Katherine A. David, Bruce M. Davis, R. Douglas Hunter
2009, Journal of Freshwater Ecology (24) 199-210
We surveyed the zooplankton of Lake St. Clair at 12 sites over ten dates from May to October 2000. Mean zooplankton density by site and date was 168.6 individuals/L, with Dreissena spp. veligers the most abundant taxon at 122.7 individuals/L. Rotifers, copepods, and cladocerans were far lower in mean abundance...
The use of fluoride as a natural tracer in water and the relationship to geological features: Examples from the Animas River Watershed, San Juan Mountains, Silverton, Colorado
Dana J. Bove, Katherine Walton-Day, Briant A. Kimball
2009, Geochemistry: Exploration, Environment, Analysis (9) 125-138
Investigations within the Silverton caldera, in southwestern Colorado, used a combination of traditional geological mapping, alteration-assemblage mapping, and aqueous geochemical sampling that showed a relationship between geological and hydrologic features that may be used to better understand the provenance and evolution of the water. Veins containing fluorite, huebnerite, and elevated...
OxCal: Versatile tool for developing paleoearthquake chronologies: A primer
J. J. Lienkaemper, C.B. Ramsey
2009, Seismological Research Letters (80) 431-434
Ages of paleoearthquakes (events), i.e., evidence of earthquakes inferred from the geologic record, provide a critical constraint on estimation of the seismic hazard posed by an active fault. The radiocarbon calibration program OxCal (4.0.3 and above; Bronk Ramsey 2007, 2001) provides paleoseismologists with a straightforward but rigorous means of estimating...
Improving the design of amphibian surveys using soil data: A case study in two wilderness areas
K.D. Bowen, E.A. Beever, U.B. Gafvert
2009, Natural Areas Journal (29) 117-125
Amphibian populations are known, or thought to be, declining worldwide. Although protected natural areas may act as reservoirs of biological integrity and serve as benchmarks for comparison with unprotected areas, they are not immune from population declines and extinctions and should be monitored. Unfortunately, identifying survey sites and performing long-term...
Bird-like anatomy, posture, and behavior revealed by an early jurassic theropod dinosaur resting trace
Andrew R.C. Milner, J.D. Harris, M.G. Lockley, J.I. Kirkland, N.A. Matthews
2009, PLoS ONE (4)
Background: Fossil tracks made by non-avian theropod dinosaurs commonly reflect the habitual bipedal stance retained in living birds. Only rarely-captured behaviors, such as crouching, might create impressions made by the hands. Such tracks provide valuable information concerning the often poorly understood functional morphology of the early theropod forelimb. Methodology/Principal Findings:...
Basin geometry and cumulative offsets in the Eastern Transverse Ranges, southern California: Implications for transrotational deformation along the San Andreas fault system
V.E. Langenheim, R. E. Powell
2009, Geosphere (5) 1-22
The Eastern Transverse Ranges, adjacent to and southeast of the big left bend of the San Andreas fault, southern California, form a crustal block that has rotated clockwise in response to dextral shear within the San Andreas system. Previous studies have indicated a discrepancy between the measured magnitudes of left...
The national Fire and Fire Surrogate study: Effects of fuel reduction methods on forest vegetation structure and fuels
D.W. Schwilk, Jon E. Keeley, E. E. Knapp, J. Mciver, J. D. Bailey, C.J. Fettig, C.E. Fiedler, R.J. Harrod, J.J. Moghaddas, K.W. Outcalt, C.N. Skinner, S.L. Stephens, T.A. Waldrop, D.A. Yaussy, A. Youngblood
2009, Ecological Applications (19) 285-304
Changes in vegetation and fuels were evaluated from measurements taken before and after fuel reduction treatments (prescribed fire, mechanical treatments, and the combination of the two) at 12 Fire and Fire Surrogate (FFS) sites located in forests with a surface fire regime across the conterminous United States. To test the...
Interbasin flow in the Great Basin with special reference to the southern Funeral Mountains and the source of Furnace Creek springs, Death Valley, California, U.S.
W.R. Belcher, M. S. Bedinger, J.T. Back, D. S. Sweetkind
2009, Journal of Hydrology (369) 30-43
Interbasin flow in the Great Basin has been established by scientific studies during the past century. While not occurring uniformly between all basins, its occurrence is common and is a function of the hydraulic gradient between basins and hydraulic conductivity of the intervening rocks. The Furnace Creek springs in Death...
Salinity tolerance of non-native Asian swamp eels (Teleostei: Synbranchidae) in Florida, USA: Comparison of three populations and implications for dispersal
P. J. Schofield, L.G. Nico
2009, Environmental Biology of Fishes (85) 51-59
Three populations of non-native Asian swamp eels are established in peninsular Florida (USA), and comprise two different genetic lineages. To assess potential for these fish to penetrate estuarine habitats or use coastal waters as dispersal routes, we determined their salinity tolerances. Swamp eels from the three Florida populations were tested...
Elemental signatures in otoliths of hatchery rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss): Distinctiveness and utility fo detecting origins and movement
D. K. Gibson-Reinemer, B. M. Johnson, P.J. Martinez, D.L. Winkelman, A.E. Koenig, J.D. Woodhead
2009, Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences (66) 513-524
Otolith chemistry in freshwater has considerable potential to reveal patterns of origin and movement, which would benefit traditional fisheries management and provide a valuable tool to curb the spread of invasive and illicitly stocked species. We evaluated the relationship between otolith and water chemistry for five markers (Ba/Ca, Mn/Ca, Sr/...
Stress-related hormones and genetic diversity in sea otters (Enhydra lutris)
Shawn E. Larson, Daniel H. Monson, Brenda E. Ballachey, Ronald J. Jameson, S.K. Wasser
2009, Marine Mammal Science (25) 351-372
Sea otters (Enhydra lutris) once ranged throughout the coastal regions of the north Pacific, but were extirpated throughout their range during the fur trade of the 18th and 19th centuries, leaving only small, widely scattered, remnant populations. All extant sea otter populations are believed to have experienced a population bottleneck...
The 1911 M ~6.6 Calaveras earthquake: Source parameters and the role of static, viscoelastic, and dynamic coulomb stress changes imparted by the 1906 San Francisco earthquake
D. I. Doser, K.B. Olsen, F. F. Pollitz, R.S. Stein, S. Toda
2009, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (99) 1746-1759
The occurrence of a right-lateral strike-slip earthquake in 1911 is inconsistent with the calculated 0.2-2.5 bar static stress decrease imparted by the 1906 rupture at that location on the Calaveras fault, and 5 yr of calculated post-1906 viscoelastic rebound does little to reload the fault. We have used all available...
Natural resource assessment: an approach to science based planning in national parks
C.G. Mahan, J.P. Vanderhorst, J.A. Young
2009, Environmental Management (43) 1301-1312
We conducted a natural resource assessment at two national parks, New River Gorge National River and Shenandoah National Park, to help meet the goals of the Natural Resource Challenge-a program to help strengthen natural resource management at national parks. We met this challenge by synthesizing and interpreting natural resource information...
Effect of experimental manipulation on survival and recruitment of feral pigs
L.B. Hanson, M.S. Mitchell, J.B. Grand, D.B. Jolley, B.D. Sparklin, S.S. Ditchkoff
2009, Wildlife Research (36) 185-191
Lethal removal is commonly used to reduce the density of invasive-species populations, presuming it reduces population growth rate; the actual effect of lethal removal on the vital rates contributing to population growth, however, is rarely tested. We implemented a manipulative experiment of feral pig (Sus scrofa) populations at Fort Benning,...
Simulation modeling to understand how selective foraging by beaver can drive the structure and function of a willow community
H.R. Peinetti, B.W. Baker, M.B. Coughenour
2009, Ecological Modelling (220) 998-1012
Beaver-willow (Castor-Salix) communities are a unique and vital component of healthy wetlands throughout the Holarctic region. Beaver selectively forage willow to provide fresh food, stored winter food, and construction material. The effects of this complex foraging behavior on the structure and function of willow communities is poorly understood. Simulation modeling...
