Hybridization rapidly reduces fitness of a native trout in the wild
C.C. Muhlfeld, S.T. Kalinowski, T.E. McMahon, M.L. Taper, S. Painter, R.F. Leary, F.W. Allendorf
2009, Biology Letters (5) 328-331
Human-mediated hybridization is a leading cause of biodiversity loss worldwide. How hybridization affects fitness and what level of hybridization is permissible pose difficult conservation questions with little empirical information to guide policy and management decisions. This is particularly true for salmonids, where widespread introgression among non-native and native taxa has...
Potential environmental issues of CO2 storage in deep saline aquifers: Geochemical results from the Frio-I Brine Pilot test, Texas, USA
Yousif K. Kharaka, James J. Thordsen, Susan D. Hovorka, H. Seay Nance, David R. Cole, Tommy J. Phelps, Kevin G. Knauss
2009, Applied Geochemistry (24) 1106-1112
Sedimentary basins in general, and deep saline aquifers in particular, are being investigated as possible repositories for large volumes of anthropogenic CO2 that must be sequestered to mitigate global warming and related climate changes. To investigate the potential for the long-term storage of CO2 in such aquifers, 1600 t of...
Dreissenid mussels from the Great Lakes contain elevated thiaminase activity
D. E. Tillitt, S.C. Riley, A.N. Evans, S. J. Nichols, J.L. Zajicek, J. Rinchard, C.A. Richter, C.C. Krueger
2009, Journal of Great Lakes Research (35) 309-312
We examined thiaminase activity in dreissenid mussels collected at different depths and seasons, and from various locations in Lakes Michigan, Ontario, and Huron. Here we present evidence that two dreissenid mussel species (Dreissena bugensis and D. polymorpha) contain thiaminase activity that is 5-100 fold greater than observed in Great Lakes...
Anomalous dispersion due to hydrocarbons: The secret of reservoir geophysics?
R.L. Brown
2009, Leading Edge (Tulsa, OK) (28) 420-425
When P- and S-waves travel through porous sandstone saturated with hydrocarbons, a bit of magic happens to make the velocities of these waves more frequency-dependent (dispersive) than when the formation is saturated with brine. This article explores the utility of the anomalous dispersion in finding more oil and gas, as...
Environmental and climatic variables as potential drivers of post-fire cover of cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum) in seeded and unseeded semiarid ecosystems
D.J. Shinneman, W.L. Baker
2009, International Journal of Wildland Fire (18) 191-202
Cheatgrass, a non-native annual grass, dominates millions of hectares in semiarid ecosystems of the Intermountain West (USA). Post-fire invasions can reduce native species diversity and alter ecological processes. To curb cheatgrass invasion, land managers often seed recently burned areas with perennial competitor species. We sampled vegetation within burned (19 years...
Generalized analytical model for benthic water flux forced by surface gravity waves
J.N. King, A.J. Mehta, R.G. Dean
2009, Journal of Geophysical Research C: Oceans (114)
A generalized analytical model for benthic water flux forced by linear surface gravity waves over a series of layered hydrogeologic units is developed by adapting a previous solution for a hydrogeologic unit with an infinite thickness (Case I) to a unit with a finite thickness (Case II) and to a...
Intra-annual NDVI validation of the Landsat 5 TM radiometric calibration
G. Chander, D.P. Groeneveld
2009, International Journal of Remote Sensing (30) 1621-1628
Multispectral data from the Landsat 5 (L5) Thematic Mapper (TM) sensor provide the backbone of the extensive archive of moderate‐resolution Earth imagery. Even after more than 24 years of service, the L5 TM is still operational. Given the longevity of the satellite, the detectors have aged and the sensor's radiometric...
Measured river leakages using conventional streamflow techniques: The case of Souhegan River, New Hampshire, USA
P. T. Harte, R.G. Kiah
2009, Hydrogeology Journal (17) 409-424
Multiple streamflow measurements were made at coupled discharge measurement stations to quantify rates of aquifer recharge and discharge on two reaches of the Souhegan River, New Hampshire, USA, flowing within a glacial-drift river-valley aquifer. The reaches included a predominantly losing (aquifer recharge) reach and a variable (aquifer recharge and discharge)...
Antibody against infectious salmon anaemia virus among feral Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)
R. C. Cipriano
2009, ICES Journal of Marine Science (66) 865-870
Archived sera from Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) that returned to the Penobscot River (Maine), Merrimack River (Massachusetts), and Connecticut River (in Massachusetts) from 1995 to 2002 were analysed for antibodies against infectious salmon anaemia virus (ISAV) using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Up to 60 samples were archived per river...
Survival of radio-implanted drymarchon couperi (Eastern Indigo Snake) in relation to body size and sex
N.L. Hyslop, J.M. Meyers, R.J. Cooper, Terry M. Norton
2009, Herpetologica (65) 199-206
Drymarchon couperi (eastern indigo snake) has experienced population declines across its range primarily as a result of extensive habitat loss, fragmentation, and degradation. Conservation efforts for D. couperi have been hindered, in part, because of informational gaps regarding the species, including a lack of data on population ecology and estimates...
Search without boundaries, using simple APls
Q. Tong
2009, Computers in Libraries (29) 26-30
[No abstract available]...
On carbon sequestration in desert ecosystems
W. H. Schlesinger, J. Belnap, G. Marion
2009, Global Change Biology (15) 1488-1490
Recent reports of net ecosysytem production >100 g C m-2 yr-1 in deserts are incompatible with existing measurements of net primary production and carbon pools in deserts. The comparisions suggest that gas exchange measurements should be used with caution and better validation if they are expected to indicate the magnitude...
Food web topology and parasites in the pelagic zone of a subarctic lake
Per-Arne Amundsen, K. D. Lafferty, R. Knudsen, R. Primicerio, A. Klemetsen, A. M. Kuris
2009, Journal of Animal Ecology (78) 563-572
Parasites permeate trophic webs with their often complex life cycles, but few studies have included parasitism in food web analyses. Here we provide a highly resolved food web from the pelagic zone of a subarctic lake and explore how the incorporation of parasites alters the topology of the web. 2....
Isolation and characterization of microsatellite loci for alligator gar (Atractosteus spatula) and their variability in two other species (Lepisosteus oculatus and L. osseus) of Lepisosteidae
G.R. Moyer, Brian L. Sloss, B.R. Kreiser, K.A. Feldheim
2009, Molecular Ecology Resources (9) 963-966
We report on the isolation of 17 polymorphic microsatellite loci from alligator gar (Atractosteus spatula), a large-bodied species that has experienced population declines across much of its range. These loci possessed 2-19 alleles and observed heterozygosities of 0-0.974. All loci conformed to Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium expectations, and none exhibited linkage disequilibrium....
Characteristics of organic soil in black spruce forests: Implications for the application of land surface and ecosystem models in cold regions
S. Yi, K. Manies, J. Harden, A. D. McGuire
2009, Geophysical Research Letters (36)
Soil organic layers (OL) play an important role in landatmosphere exchanges of water, energy and carbon in cold environments. The proper implementation of OL in land surface and ecosystem models is important for predicting dynamic responses to climate warming. Based on the analysis of OL samples of black spruce (Picea...
Evaluation of fast green FCF dye for non-lethal detection of integumental injuries in juvenile Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha
Diane G. Elliott, Carla M. Conway, Lynn M. Applegate
2009, Diseases of Aquatic Organisms (84) 139-150
A rapid staining procedure for detection of recent skin and fin injuries was tested in juvenile Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha. Immersion of anesthetized fish for 1 min in aerated aqueous solutions of the synthetic food dye fast green FCF (Food Green 3) at concentrations of 0.1 to 0.5% produced consistent and...
Toward a comprehensive areal model of earthquake-induced landslides
S.B. Miles, D. K. Keefer
2009, Natural Hazards Review (10) 19-28
This paper provides a review of regional-scale modeling of earthquake-induced landslide hazard with respect to the needs for disaster risk reduction and sustainable development. Based on this review, it sets out important research themes and suggests computing with words (CW), a methodology that includes fuzzy logic systems, as a fruitful...
Rupture imaging of the Mw 7.9 12 May 2008 Wenchuan earthquake from back projection of teleseismic P waves
Y. Xu, K.D. Koper, O. Sufri, L. Zhu, Alexander R. Hutko
2009, Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems (10)
[1] The Mw 7.9 Wenchuan earthquake of 12 May 2008 was the most destructive Chinese earthquake since the 1976 Tangshan event. Tens of thousands of people were killed, hundreds of thousands were injured, and millions were left homeless. Here we infer the detailed rupture process of the Wenchuan earthquake by...
Trends in streamflow in the Yukon River Basin from 1944 to 2005 and the influence of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation
T. P. Brabets, Michelle Ann Walvoord
2009, Journal of Hydrology (371) 108-119
Streamflow characteristics in the Yukon River Basin of Alaska and Canada have changed from 1944 to 2005, and some of the change can be attributed to the two most recent modes of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO). Seasonal, monthly, and annual stream discharge data from 21 stations in the Yukon...
Soil amendment effects on the exotic annual grass Bromus tectorum L. and facilitation of its growth by the native perennial grass Hilaria jamesii (Torr.) Benth
J. Belnap, S. K. Sherrod
2009, Plant Ecology (201) 709-721
Greenhouse experiments were undertaken to identify soil factors that curtail growth of the exotic annual grass Bromus tectorum L. (cheatgrass) without significantly inhibiting growth of native perennial grasses (here represented by Hilaria jamesii [Torr.] Benth). We grew B. tectorum and H. jamesii alone (monoculture pots) and together (combination pots) in...
The 16th International Geological Congress, Washington, 1933
C.M. Nelson
2009, Episodes (32) 33-40
In 1933, the International Geological Congress (IGC) returned to the United States of America (USA) for its sixteenth meeting, forty-two years after the 5th IGC convened in Washington. The Geological Society of America and the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) supplied the major part of the required extra-registration funding after the...
Beneath the veil: Plant growth form influences the strength of species richness-productivity relationships in forests
B. Oberle, J.B. Grace, J.M. Chase
2009, Global Ecology and Biogeography (18) 416-425
Aim: Species richness has been observed to increase with productivity at large spatial scales, though the strength of this relationship varies among functional groups. In forests, canopy trees shade understorey plants, and for this reason we hypothesize that species richness of canopy trees will depend on macroclimate, while species richness...
Factors affecting the age-C resident fish community along shorelines of the Hanford Reach of the Columbia River
D.M. Gadomski, P.G. Wagner
2009, Northwest Science (83) 180-188
The Hanford Reach is one of the few remaining unimpounded sections of the Columbia River. However, because of flow management at upstream dams, there are often large fluctuations in water level. To determine how environmental conditions might affect age-0 resident fishes in the Hanford Reach, we evaluated species composition, distribution,...
The Neoglacial landscape and human history of Glacier Bay, Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve, southeast Alaska, USA
C. Connor, G. Streveler, A. Post, D. Monteith, W. Howell
2009, Holocene (19) 381-393
The Neoglacial landscape of the Huna Tlingit homeland in Glacier Bay is recreated through new interpretations of the lower Bay's fjordal geomorphology, late Quaternary geology and its ethnographic landscape. Geological interpretation is enhanced by 38 radiocarbon dates compiled from published and unpublished sources, as well as 15 newly dated samples....
The contemporary cement cycle of the United States
A. Kapur, H. G. Van Oss, G. Keoleian, S.E. Kesler, A. Kendall
2009, Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management (11) 155-165
A country-level stock and flow model for cement, an important construction material, was developed based on a material flow analysis framework. Using this model, the contemporary cement cycle of the United States was constructed by analyzing production, import, and export data for different stages of the cement cycle. The United...
