Seasonal movements and Home-range use by female pronghorns in sagebrush-steppe communities of western South Dakota
C.N. Jacques, J.A. Jenks, R. W. Klaver
2009, Journal of Mammalogy (90) 433-441
Knowledge of seasonal movements by pronghorns (Antilocapra americana) within the easternmost extension of sagebrush-steppe communities is limited. Current hypotheses regarding movement patterns suggest that pronghorns initiate seasonal movements in response to severe winter weather, snowfall patterns, spatial and temporal variation in forage abundance, and availability of water. From January 2002...
A prelanding assessment of the ice table depth and ground ice characteristics in Martian permafrost at the Phoenix landing site
Michael T. Mellon, William V. Boynton, William C. Feldman, Raymond E. Arvidson, Timothy N. Titus, Joshua L. Bandfield, Nathaniel E. Putzig, H.G. Sizemore
2009, Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets (114)
We review multiple estimates of the ice table depth at potential Phoenix landing sites and consider the possible state and distribution of subsurface ice. A two-layer model of ice-rich material overlain by ice-free material is consistent with both the observational and theoretical lines of evidence. Results indicate ground ice to...
Effect of dietary α-tocopherol + ascorbic acid, selenium, and iron on oxidative stress in sub-yearling Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha Walbaum)
T.L. Welker, J.L. Congleton
2009, Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition (93) 15-25
A three-variable central composite design coupled with surface-response analysis was used to examine the effects of dietary ??-tocopherol + ascorbic acid (TOCAA), selenium (Se), and iron (Fe) on indices of oxidative stress in juvenile spring Chinook salmon. Each dietary factor was tested at five levels for a total of fifteen...
Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays for a bacterial thiaminase I gene and the thiaminase-producing bacterium Paenibacillus thiaminolyticus.
C.A. Richter, Maureen K. Wright-Osment, J.L. Zajicek, D. C. Honeyfield, D. E. Tillitt
2009, Journal of Aquatic Animal Health (21) 229-238
The thiaminase I enzyme produced by the gram-positive bacterium Paenibacillus thiaminolyticus isolated from the viscera of Lake Michigan alewives Alosa pseudoharengus is currently the only defined source of the thiaminase activity linked to thiamine (vitamin B1) deficiency in early mortality syndrome (EMS) in the larvae of Great Lakes salmonines. Diets...
Impacts of acidification on macroinvertebrate communities in streams of the western Adirondack Mountains, New York, USA
Barry P. Baldigo, G.B. Lawrence, R.W. Bode, H. A. Simonin, K. M. Roy, A. J. Smith
2009, Ecological Indicators (9) 226-239
Limited stream chemistry and macroinvertebrate data indicate that acidic deposition has adversely affected benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages in numerous headwater streams of the western Adirondack Mountains of New York. No studies, however, have quantified the effects that acidic deposition and acidification may have had on resident fish and macroinvertebrate communities in...
Interspecies and interregional comparisons of the chemistry of PAHs and trace elements in mosses Hylocomium splendens (Hedw.) B.S.G. and Pleurozium schreberi (Brid.) Mitt. from Poland and Alaska
Z.M. Migaszewski, A. Galuszka, J.G. Crock, P. J. Lamothe, S. Dolegowska
2009, Atmospheric Environment (43) 1464-1473
Comparative biogeochemical studies performed on the same plant species in remote areas enable pinpointing interspecies and interregional differences of chemical composition. This report presents baseline concentrations of PAHs and trace elements in moss species Hylocomium splendens and Pleurozium schreberi from the Holy Cross Mountains (south-central Poland) (HCM) and Wrangell-Saint Elias...
Integrated treatment process using a natural Wyoming clinoptilolite for remediating produced waters from coalbed natural gas operations
H. Zhao, G.F. Vance, M.A. Urynowicz, R.W. Gregory
2009, Applied Clay Science (42) 379-385
Coalbed natural gas (CBNG) development in western U.S. states has resulted in an increase in an essential energy resource, but has also resulted in environmental impacts and additional regulatory needs. A concern associated with CBNG development relates to the production of the copious quantities of potentially saline-sodic groundwater required to...
Estimation of regional-scale groundwater flow properties in the Bengal Basin of India and Bangladesh
H.A. Michael, C.I. Voss
2009, Hydrogeology Journal (17) 1329-1346
Quantitative evaluation of management strategies for long-term supply of safe groundwater for drinking from the Bengal Basin aquifer (India and Bangladesh) requires estimation of the large-scale hydrogeologic properties that control flow. The Basin consists of a stratified, heterogeneous sequence of sediments with aquitards that may separate aquifers locally, but evidence...
The unexpected awakening of Chaitén Volcano, Chile
Simon A. Carn, John S. Zogorski, Luis Lara, John W. Ewert, Sebastian Watt, Alfred J. Prata, Ronald J. Thomas, Gustavo Villarosa
2009, Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union (90) 205-206
On 2 May 2008, a large eruption began unexpectedly at the inconspicuous Chaitén volcano in Chile's southern volcanic zone. Ash columns abruptly jetted from the volcano into the stratosphere, followed by lava dome effusion and continuous low-altitude ash plumes [Lara, 2009]. Apocalyptic photographs of eruption plumes suffused with...
Habitat structure mediates predation risk for sedentary prey: Experimental tests of alternative hypotheses
A.D. Chalfoun, T. E. Martin
2009, Journal of Animal Ecology (78) 497-503
Predation is an important and ubiquitous selective force that can shape habitat preferences of prey species, but tests of alternative mechanistic hypotheses of habitat influences on predation risk are lacking. 2. We studied predation risk at nest sites of a passerine bird and tested two hypotheses based on theories of...
Experimental infection of Hawai'i 'Amakihi (hemignathus virens) with West Nile virus and competence of a co-occurring vector, culex quinquefasciatus: potential impacts on endemic Hawaiian avifauna.
Dennis A. LaPointe, Erik K. Hofmeister, C. T. Atkinson, R.E. Porter, Robert J. Dusek
2009, Journal of Wildlife Diseases (45) 257-271
Introduced mosquito-borne avian disease is a major limiting factor in the recovery and restoration of native Hawaiian forest birds. Annual epizootics of avian pox (Avipoxvirus) and avian malaria (Plasmodium relictum) likely led to the extinction of some species and continue to impact populations of susceptible Hawaiian honeycreepers (Drepanidinae). The introduction...
Geomyces destructans sp. nov. associated with bat white-nose syndrome
Andrea Gargas, M.T. Trest, M. Christensen, T.J. Volk, David S. Blehert
2009, Mycotaxon (108) 147-154
We describe and illustrate the new species Geomyces destructans. Bats infected with this fungus present with powdery conidia and hyphae on their muzzles, wing membranes, and/or pinnae, leading to description of the accompanying disease as white-nose syndrome, a cause of widespread mortality among hibernating bats in the northeastern US. Based on...
Testing the importance of auditory detections in avian point counts
J.P. Brewster, T.R. Simons
2009, Journal of Field Ornithology (80) 178-182
Recent advances in the methods used to estimate detection probability during point counts suggest that the detection process is shaped by the types of cues available to observers. For example, models of the detection process based on distance-sampling or time-of-detection methods may yield different results for auditory versus visual cues...
Isolation and characterization of microsatellite loci for alligator gar (Atractosteus spatula) and their variability in two other species (Lepisosteus oculatus and L. osseus) of Lepisosteidae
G.R. Moyer, Brian L. Sloss, B.R. Kreiser, K.A. Feldheim
2009, Molecular Ecology Resources (9) 963-966
We report on the isolation of 17 polymorphic microsatellite loci from alligator gar (Atractosteus spatula), a large-bodied species that has experienced population declines across much of its range. These loci possessed 2-19 alleles and observed heterozygosities of 0-0.974. All loci conformed to Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium expectations, and none exhibited linkage disequilibrium....
Post-breeding season distribution of black-footed and Laysan albatrosses satellite-tagged in Alaska: Inter-specific differences in spatial overlap with North Pacific fisheries
K.N. Fischer, R.M. Suryan, D.D. Roby, G.R. Balogh
2009, Biological Conservation (142) 751-760
We integrated satellite-tracking data from black-footed albatrosses (Phoebastria nigripes; n = 7) and Laysan albatrosses captured in Alaska (Phoebastria immutabilis; n = 18) with data on fishing effort and distribution from commercial fisheries in the North Pacific in order to assess potential risk from bycatch. Albatrosses were satellite-tagged at-sea in...
Monitoring benthic aIgal communides: A comparison of targeted and coefficient sampling methods
Matthew S. Edwards, M. Tim Tinker
2009, Algae (24) 111-120
Choosing an appropriate sample unit is a fundamental decision in the design of ecological studies. While numerous methods have been developed to estimate organism abundance, they differ in cost, accuracy and precision.Using both field data and computer simulation modeling, we evaluated the costs and benefits associated with two methods commonly...
Identification of co-occurring Branchinecta fairy shrimp species from encysted embryos using multiplex polymerase chain reaction
Amy G. Vandergast, D.A. Wood, M. Simovich, A.J. Bohonak
2009, Molecular Ecology Resources (9) 767-770
Morphological identification of many fairy shrimp species is difficult because distinguishing characters are restricted to adults. We developed two multiplex polymerase chain reaction assays that differentiate among three Branchinecta fairy shrimp with distributional overlap in southern California vernal pools. Two of the species are federally listed as threatened. Molecular identification...
Postimpact heat conduction and compaction-driven fluid flow in the Chesapeake Bay impact structure based on downhole vitrinite reflectance data, ICDP-USGS Eyreville deep core holes and Cape Charles test holes
M.L. Malinconico, W. E. Sanford, Horton W.J.J. Wright Jr.
2009, Special Paper of the Geological Society of America 905-930
Vitrinite reflectance data from the International Continental Scientific Drilling Program (ICDP)-U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Eyreville deep cores in the centralcrater moat of the Chesapeake Bay impact structure and the Cape Charles test holes on the central uplift show patterns of postimpact maximum-temperature distribution that result from a combination of conductive...
Toward a comprehensive areal model of earthquake-induced landslides
S.B. Miles, D. K. Keefer
2009, Natural Hazards Review (10) 19-28
This paper provides a review of regional-scale modeling of earthquake-induced landslide hazard with respect to the needs for disaster risk reduction and sustainable development. Based on this review, it sets out important research themes and suggests computing with words (CW), a methodology that includes fuzzy logic systems, as a fruitful...
VP Structure of Mount St. Helens, Washington, USA, imaged with local earthquake tomography
G.P. Waite, S.C. Moran
2009, Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research (182) 113-122
We present a new P-wave velocity model for Mount St. Helens using local earthquake data recorded by the Pacific Northwest Seismograph Stations and Cascades Volcano Observatory since the 18 May 1980 eruption. These data were augmented with records from a dense array of 19 temporary stations deployed during the second...
Phosphorus and nitrogen legacy in a restoration wetland, upper Klamath lake, Oregon
J.H. Duff, K.D. Carpenter, D.T. Snyder, Karl K. Lee, R.J. Avanzino, F.J. Triska
2009, Wetlands (29) 735-746
The effects of sediment, ground-water, and surface-water processes on the timing, quantity, and mechanisms of N and P fluxes were investigated in the Wood River Wetland 57 years after agricultural practices ceased and seasonal and permanent wetland hydrologies were restored. Nutrient concentrations in standing water largely reflected ground water in...
Late Quaternary paleoclimate of western Alaska inferred from fossil chironomids and its relation to vegetation histories
Joshua Kurek, Les C. Cwynar, Thomas A. Ager, Mark B. Abbott, Mary E. Edwards
2009, Quaternary Science Reviews (28) 799-811
Fossil Chironomidae assemblages (with a few Chaoboridae and Ceratopogonidae) from Zagoskin and Burial Lakes in western Alaska provide quantitative reconstructions of mean July air temperatures for periods of the late-middle Wisconsin (~39,000-34,000 cal yr B.P.) to the present. Inferred temperatures are compared with previously analyzed pollen data from each site...
Ground and surface temperature variability for remote sensing of soil moisture in a heterogeneous landscape
M.A. Giraldo, D. Bosch, M. Madden, L. Usery, M. Finn
2009, Journal of Hydrology (368) 214-223
At the Little River Watershed (LRW) heterogeneous landscape near Tifton Georgia US an in situ network of stations operated by the US Department of Agriculture-Agriculture Research Service-Southeast Watershed Research Lab (USDA-ARS-SEWRL) was established in 2003 for the long term study of climatic and soil biophysical processes. To develop an accurate...
Monitoring the removal of phosphate from ground water discharging through a pond-bottom permeable reactive barrier
T.D. McCobb, D.R. LeBlanc, A.J. Massey
2009, Ground Water Monitoring and Remediation (29) 43-55
Installation of a permeable reactive barrier to intercept a phosphate (PO4) plume where it discharges to a pond provided an opportunity to develop and test methods for monitoring the barrier’s performance in the shallow pond‐bottom sediments. The barrier is composed of zero‐valent‐iron mixed with the native sediments to a 0.6‐m...
Modelling predation by transient leopard seals for an ecosystem-based management of Southern Ocean fisheries
J. Forcada, D. Malone, J. Andrew Royle, I.J. Staniland
2009, Ecological Modelling (220) 1513-1521
Correctly quantifying the impacts of rare apex marine predators is essential to ecosystem-based approaches to fisheries management, where harvesting must be sustainable for targeted species and their dependent predators. This requires modelling the uncertainty in such processes as predator life history, seasonal abundance and movement, size-based predation, energetic requirements, and...
