Faecal indicator bacteria enumeration in beach sand: A comparison study of extraction methods in medium to coarse sands
A.B. Boehm, J. Griffith, C. McGee, T.A. Edge, H. M. Solo-Gabriele, R. Whitman, Y. Cao, M. Getrich, J.A. Jay, D. Ferguson, K.D. Goodwin, C.M. Lee, M. Madison, S.B. Weisberg
2009, Journal of Applied Microbiology (107) 1740-1750
Aims: The absence of standardized methods for quantifying faecal indicator bacteria (FIB) in sand hinders comparison of results across studies. The purpose of the study was to compare methods for extraction of faecal bacteria from sands and recommend a standardized extraction technique. Methods and Results: Twenty-two methods of extracting enterococci...
Recent status and trends of the land bird avifauna on Saipan, Mariana Islands, with emphasis on the endangered Nightingale Reed-warbler Acrocephalus luscinia
R.J. Camp, T.K. Pratt, A.P. Marshall, F. Amidon, L.L. Williams
2009, Bird Conservation International (19) 323-337
The avifauna of the Mariana Islands, an archipelago in the western Pacific, faces the threats of rapid economic development and the spread of non-native species, particularly a devastating predator, Brown Tree Snake Boiga irregularis. In this paper, we examine the status and trends of the land bird fauna of Saipan...
The post-Mazama northwest rift zone eruption at Newberry Volcano, Oregon
Daniele McKay, Julie M. Donnelly-Nolan, Robert A. Jensen, Duane E. Champion
Jim O’Connor, Rebecca Dorsey, Ian Madin, editor(s)
2009, Book chapter, Volcanoes to vineyards: Geologic field trips through the dynamic landscape of the Pacific Northwest (GSA Field Guides 15)
The northwest rift zone (NWRZ) eruption took place at Newberry Volcano ~7000 years ago after the volcano was mantled by tephra from the catastrophic eruption that destroyed Mount Mazama and produced the Crater Lake caldera. The NWRZ eruption produced multiple lava flows from a variety of vents including cinder cones,...
Historic geomorphology of the San Pedro River: archival and physical evidence
R. Hereford, Julio L. Betancourt
J. Stromberg, B. Tellman, editor(s)
2009, Book chapter, Ecology and Conservation of Desert Riparian Ecosystems: The San Pedro River Example
Re-greening the Sahel: Farmer-led innovation in Burkina Faso and Niger
Chris Reij, Melinda Smale, G. Gray Tappan
David J. Spielman, Rajul Pandya-Lorch, editor(s)
2009, Book chapter, Millions fed: Proven successes in agricultural development
The Sahel—the belt of land that stretches across Africa on the southern edge of the Sahara—has always been a tough place to farm. Rainfall is low and droughts are frequent. The crust of hard soil is, at times, almost impermeable, and harsh winds threaten to sweep away everything in their...
Divergence in an obligate mutualism is not explained by divergent climatic factors
W. Godsoe, Espen Strand, C.I. Smith, J.B. Yoder, T. C. Esque, O. Pellmyr
2009, New Phytologist (183) 589-599
Adaptation to divergent environments creates and maintains biological diversity, but we know little about the importance of different agents of ecological divergence. Coevolution in obligate mutualisms has been hypothesized to drive divergence, but this contention has rarely been tested against alternative ecological explanations. Here, we use a well-established example of...
Investigating different mechanisms for biogenic selenite transformations: Geobacter sulfurreducens, Shewanella oneidensis and Veillonella atypica
C.I. Pearce, R.A.D. Pattrick, N. Law, J.M. Charnock, V.S. Coker, J.W. Fellowes, R.S. Oremland, J.R. Lloyd
2009, Environmental Technology (30) 1313-1326
The metal-reducing bacteria Geobacter sulfurreducens, Shewanella oneidensis and Veillonella atypica, use different mechanisms to transform toxic, bioavailable sodium selenite to less toxic, non-mobile elemental selenium and then to selenide in anaerobic environments, offering the potential for in situ and ex situ bioremediation of contaminated soils, sediments, industrial effluents, and agricultural...
Links between fluid circulation, temperature, and metamorphism in subducting slabs
G.A. Spinelli, K. Wang
2009, Geophysical Research Letters (36)
The location and timing of metamorphic reactions in subducting lithosph??re are influenced by thermal effects of fluid circulation in the ocean crust aquifer. Fluid circulation in subducting crust extracts heat from the Nankai subduction zone, causing the crust to pass through cooler metamorphic faci??s than if no fluid circulation occurs....
Precise location of San Andreas Fault tremors near Cholame, California using seismometer clusters: Slip on the deep extension of the fault?
D.R. Shelly, W.L. Ellsworth, T. Ryberg, C. Haberland, G. S. Fuis, J. Murphy, R.M. Nadeau, R. Burgmann
2009, Geophysical Research Letters (36)
We examine a 24-hour period of active San Andreas Fault (SAF) tremor and show that this tremor is largely composed of repeated similar events. Utilizing this similarity, we locate the subset of the tremor with waveforms similar to an identified low frequency earthquake (LFE) "master template," located using P and...
Feature pruning by upstream drainage area to support automated generalization of the United States National Hydrography Dataset
L.V. Stanislawski
2009, Computers, Environment and Urban Systems (33) 325-333
The United States Geological Survey has been researching generalization approaches to enable multiple-scale display and delivery of geographic data. This paper presents automated methods to prune network and polygon features of the United States high-resolution National Hydrography Dataset (NHD) to lower resolutions. Feature-pruning rules, data enrichment, and partitioning are derived...
EMAG2: A 2-arc min resolution Earth Magnetic Anomaly Grid compiled from satellite, airborne, and marine magnetic measurements
S. Maus, U. Barckhausen, H. Berkenbosch, N. Bournas, J. Brozena, V. Childers, F. Dostaler, J.D. Fairhead, Carol A. Finn, Ralph R. B. von Frese, C. Gaina, S. Golynsky, R. Kucks, Hai Lu, P. Milligan, S. Mogren, R.D. Muller, O. Olesen, M. Pilkington, R. Saltus, B. Schreckenberger, E. Thebault, F.C. Tontini
2009, Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems (10)
A global Earth Magnetic Anomaly Grid (EMAG2) has been compiled from satellite, ship, and airborne magnetic measurements. EMAG2 is a significant update of our previous candidate grid for the World Digital Magnetic Anomaly Map. The resolution has been improved from 3 arc min to 2 arc min, and the altitude...
Pilot- and bench-scale testing of faecal indicator bacteria survival in marine beach sand near point sources
K.B. Mika, G. Imamura, C. Chang, V. Conway, G. Fernandez, J.F. Griffith, R.A. Kampalath, C.M. Lee, C.-C. Lin, R. Moreno, S. Thompson, R.L. Whitman, J.A. Jay
2009, Journal of Applied Microbiology (107) 72-84
Aim: Factors affecting faecal indicator bacteria (FIB) and pathogen survival/persistence in sand remain largely unstudied. This work elucidates how biological and physical factors affect die-off in beach sand following sewage spills. Methods and Results: Solar disinfection with mechanical mixing was pilot-tested as a disinfection procedure after a large sewage spill...
Modeling utilization distributions in space and time
K.A. Keating, S. Cherry
2009, Ecology (90) 1971-1980
W. Van Winkle defined the utilization distribution (UD) as a probability density that gives an animal's relative frequency of occurrence in a two-dimensional (x, y) plane. We extend Van Winkle's work by redefining the UD as the relative frequency distribution of an animal's occurrence in all four dimensions of space...
Using the Sonoran Desert test site to monitor the long-term radiometric stability of the Landsat TM/ETM+ and Terra MODIS sensors
A. Angal, X. Xiong, T. Choi, G. Chander, A. Wu
2009, Conference Paper, Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering
Pseudo-invariant ground targets have been extensively used to monitor the long-term radiometric calibration stability of remote sensing instruments. The NASA MODIS Characterization Support Team (MCST), in collaboration with members from the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center, has previously demonstrated the use of pseudo-invariant ground...
Did the Middlesboro, Kentucky, bolide impact event influence coal rank?
J.C. Hower, S.F. Greb, K.W. Kuehn, C.F. Eble
2009, International Journal of Coal Geology (79) 92-96
The Middlesboro Basin, southeastern Kentucky, occurs on the Cumberland Overthrust Sheet and includes a ca. 5.5-km diameter impact structure. The Lower and Middle Pennsylvanian coal-bearing strata are faulted, with some evidence for shock metamorphism. The event post-dated the latest-Pennsylvanian-early-Permian thrusting and was likely prior to late-Mesozoic entrenchment of drainages. The...
A survey of the occurrence of Bacillus anthracis in North American soils over two long-range transects and within post-Katrina New Orleans
Dale W. Griffin, T. Petrosky, S.A. Morman, V.A. Luna
2009, Applied Geochemistry (24) 1464-1471
Soil samples were collected along a north-south transect extending from Manitoba, Canada, to the US-Mexico border near El Paso, Texas in 2004 (104 samples), a group of sites within New Orleans, Louisiana following Hurricane Katrina in 2005 (19 samples), and a Gulf Coast transect extending from Sulphur, Louisiana, to DeFuniak...
Exposure of insects and insectivorous birds to metals and other elements from abandoned mine tailings in three Summit County drainages, Colorado
Christine M. Custer, Chi Yang, James G. Crock, Valerie I. Shearn-Bochsler, Kathleen S. Smith, Philip L. Hageman
2009, Environmental Monitoring and Assessment (153) 161-177
Concentrations of 31 metals, metalloids, and other elements were measured in insects and insectivorous bird tissues from three drainages with different geochemistry and mining histories in Summit Co., Colorado, in 2003, 2004, and 2005. In insect samples, all 25 elements that were analyzed in all years increased in both Snake...
The influence of wellbore inflow on electromagnetic borehole flowmeter measurements
T. Clemo, W. Barrash, E.C. Reboulet, T.C. Johnson, C. Leven
2009, Ground Water (47) 515-525
This paper describes a combined field, laboratory, and numerical study of electromagnetic borehole flowmeter measurements acquired without the use of a packer or skirt to block bypass flow around the flowmeter. The most significant finding is that inflow through the wellbore screen changes the ratio of flow through the flowmeter...
Modeled ground water age distributions
Linda R. Woolfenden, Timothy R. Ginn
2009, Ground Water (47) 547-557
The age of ground water in any given sample is a distributed quantity representing distributed provenance (in space and time) of the water. Conventional analysis of tracers such as unstable isotopes or anthropogenic chemical species gives discrete or binary measures of the presence of water of a given age. Modeled...
U-Pb zircon ages from the southwestern Karoo Basin, South Africa - Implications for the Permian-Triassic boundary
A. Fildani, A. Weislogel, N.J. Drinkwater, T. McHargue, A. Tankard, J. Wooden, D. Hodgson, S. Flint
2009, Geology (37) 719-722
U-Pb ages determined using sensitive high-resolution ion microprobe-reverse geometry on 205 single-grain zircons from 16 ash beds within submarine fan deposits of the Ecca Group provide the first evidence of a marine Permian-Triassic (P-T) boundary in the Karoo Basin of South Africa. These U-Pb ages provide an objective basis for...
Thermal characteristics of amphibian microhabitats in a fire-disturbed landscape
B. R. Hossack, L.A. Eby, C.G. Guscio, P.S. Corn
2009, Forest Ecology and Management (258) 1414-1421
Disturbance has long been a central issue in amphibian conservation, often regarding negative effects of logging or other forest management activities, but some amphibians seem to prefer disturbed habitats. After documenting increased use of recently burned forests by boreal toads (Bufo boreas), we hypothesized that burned habitats provided improved thermal...
A proposed origin for fossilized Pennsylvanian plant cuticles by pyrite oxidation (Sydney Coalfield, Nova Scotia, Canada)
E.L. Zodrow, Maria Mastalerz
2009, Bulletin of Geosciences (84) 227-240
Fossilized cuticles, though rare in the roof rocks of coal seam in the younger part of the Pennsylvanian Sydney Coalfield, Nova Scotia, represent nearly all of the major plant groups. Selected for investigation, by methods of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and elemental analysis, are fossilized cuticles (FCs) and cuticles...
Accretionary orogens through Earth history
Peter A. Cawood, A. Kroner, W.J. Collins, T.M. Kusky, Walter D. Mooney, B.F. Windley
2009, Geological Society Special Publication 1-36
Accretionary orogens form at intraoceanic and continental margin convergent plate boundaries. They include the supra-subduction zone forearc, magmatic arc and back-arc components. Accretionary orogens can be grouped into retreating and advancing types, based on their kinematic framework and resulting geological character. Retreating orogens (e.g. modern western Pacific) are undergoing long-term...
Geomorphic controls on mercury accumulation in soils from a historically mined watershed, Central California Coast Range, USA
J.M. Holloway, M. B. Goldhaber, J.M. Morrison
2009, Applied Geochemistry (24) 1538-1548
Historic Hg mining in the Cache Creek watershed in the Central California Coast Range has contributed to the downstream transport of Hg to the San Francisco Bay-Delta. Different aspects of Hg mobilization in soils, including pedogenesis, fluvial redistribution of sediment, volatilization and eolian transport were considered. The greatest soil concentrations...
An Integrated Social, Economic, and Ecologic Conceptual (ISEEC) framework for considering rangeland sustainability
W.E. Fox, D.W. McCollum, J.E. Mitchell, L.E. Swanson, U.P. Kreuter, J.A. Tanaka, G.R. Evans, Heintz H. Theodore, R.P. Breckenridge, P.H. Geissler
2009, Society and Natural Resources (22) 593-606
Currently, there is no standard method to assess the complex systems in rangeland ecosystems. Decision makers need baselines to create a common language of current rangeland conditions and standards for continued rangeland assessment. The Sustainable Rangeland Roundtable (SRR), a group of private and public organizations and agencies, has created a...
