A multidisciplinary effort to assign realistic source parameters to models of volcanic ash-cloud transport and dispersion during eruptions
Larry G. Mastin, Marianne C. Guffanti, R. Servranckx, P. Webley, S. Barsotti, K. Dean, A. Durant, John W. Ewert, A. Neri, W.I. Rose, David J. Schneider, Lee Siebert, B. Stunder, G. Swanson, A. Tupper, A. Volentik, Christopher F. Waythomas
2009, Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research (186) 10-21
During volcanic eruptions, volcanic ash transport and dispersion models (VATDs) are used to forecast the location and movement of ash clouds over hours to days in order to define hazards to aircraft and to communities downwind. Those models use input parameters, called “eruption source parameters”, such as plume height H,...
Acquiring marine data in the Canada Basin, Arctic Ocean
Deborah Hutchinson, H.R. Jackson, J.W. Shimeld, C.B. Chapman, Jonathan R. Childs, T. Funck, R.W. Rowland
2009, Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union (90) 197-198
This article describes the logistical challenges and initial data sets from geophysical seismic reflection, seismic refraction, and hydrographic surveys in the Canada Basin conducted by scientists with U.S. and Canadian government agencies (Figure 1a) to fulfill the requirements of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea to...
Understanding differences between DELFT3D and empirical predictions of alongshore sediment transport gradients
Jeffrey H. List, Lindino Benedet, Daniel M. Hanes, Peter Ruggiero
2009, Conference Paper, Proceedings of the 31st International Conference, Coastal Engineering 2008
Predictions of alongshore transport gradients are critical for forecasting shoreline change. At the previous ICCE conference, it was demonstrated that alongshore transport gradients predicted by the empirical CERC equation can differ substantially from predictions made by the hydrodynamics-based model Delft3D in the case of a simulated borrow pit on the...
Geochemical evolution of a high arsenic, alkaline pit-lake in the Mother Lode Gold District, California
Kaye S. Savage, Roger P. Ashley, Dennis K. Bird
2009, Economic Geology (104) 1171-1211
The Harvard orebody at the Jamestown gold mine, located along the Melones fault zone in the southern Mother Lode gold district, California, was mined in an open-pit operation from 1987 to 1994. Dewatering during mining produced a hydrologic cone of depression; recovery toward the premining ground-water configuration produced a...
Dynamic modeling of nitrogen losses in river networks unravels the coupled effects of hydrological and biogeochemical processes
Richard B. Alexander, J.K. Bohlke, Elizabeth W. Boyer, Mark B. David, Judson W. Harvey, Patrick J. Mulholland, Sybil P. Seitzinger, Craig R. Tobias, Christina Tonitto, Wilfred M. Wollheim
2009, Biogeochemistry (93) 91-116
The importance of lotic systems as sinks for nitrogen inputs is well recognized. A fraction of nitrogen in streamflow is removed to the atmosphere via denitrification with the remainder exported in streamflow as nitrogen loads. At the watershed scale, there is a keen interest in understanding the factors that control...
PCDDs, PCDFs, PCBs, OC pesticides and mercury in fish and osprey eggs from Willamette River, Oregon (1993, 2001 and 2006) with calculated biomagnification factors
Charles J. Henny, J. L. Kaiser, R. A. Grove
2009, Ecotoxicology (18) 151-173
The osprey (Pandion haliaetus) population nesting along the main stem Willamette River and lower Santiam River was first studied to evaluate contaminants and reproductive rates in 1993 when 78 occupied nests were present. By 2001, the population increased to 234 occupied nests, a 13.7% annual rate of population increase. A...
How the continents deform: The evidence from tectonic geodesy
Wayne R. Thatcher
2009, Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences (37) 237-262
Space geodesy now provides quantitative maps of the surface velocity field within tectonically active regions, supplying constraints on the spatial distribution of deformation, the forces that drive it, and the brittle and ductile properties of continental lithosphere. Deformation is usefully described as relative motions among elastic blocks and...
Lessons and insights from evolution, taxonomy, and conservation genetics
Melanie Culver
2009, Book chapter, Cougar: Ecology and conservation
No abstract available....
Modeling hazardous mass flows Geoflows09: Mathematical and computational aspects of modeling hazardous geophysical mass flows; Seattle, Washington, 9–11 March 2009
Richard M. Iverson, Randall J. LeVeque
2009, Eos, Earth and Space Science News (90) 201-201
A recent workshop at the University of Washington focused on mathematical and computational aspects of modeling the dynamics of dense, gravity-driven mass movements such as rock avalanches and debris flows. About 30 participants came from seven countries and brought diverse backgrounds in geophysics; geology; physics; applied and computational mathematics; and...
Warmwater fish in large standing waters
L.E. Miranda, Jeff Boxrucker
Scott A. Bonar, Wayne A. Hubert, David W. Willis, editor(s)
2009, Book chapter, Standard methods for sampling North American freshwater fishes
Large standing waters are defined as those larger than 200 ha. Water temperature is a major determinant of fish assemblages in large standing water of North America (Matthews 1998 ). From a thermal perspective, eaters are broadly classified into coldwater (inhabited by trout and salmon) and warmwater (intolerable to trout...
Review: Progress in rotational ground-motion observations from explosions and local earthquakes in Taiwan
William H. K. Lee, Bor-Shouh Huang, Charles A. Langston, Chin-Jen Lin, Chun-Chi Liu, Tzay-Chyn Shin, Ta-Liang Teng, Chien-Fu Wu
2009, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (99) 958-967
Rotational motions generated by large earthquakes in the far field have been successfully measured, and observations agree well with the classical elasticity theory. However, recent rotational measurements in the near field of earthquakes in Japan and in Taiwan indicate that rotational ground motions are 10 to 100 times larger...
The response of hydrophobic organics and potential toxicity in streams to urbanization of watersheds in six metropolitan areas of the United States
Wade L. Bryant Jr., S. Goodbred
2009, Environmental Monitoring and Assessment (157)
Semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs) were deployed in streams along a gradient of urban land-use intensity in and around six metropolitan areas: Atlanta, Georgia; Raleigh–Durham, North Carolina; and Denver–Fort Collins, Colorado, in 2003; and Dallas–Fort Worth, Texas; Milwaukee–Green Bay, Wisconsin; and Portland, Oregon, in 2004 to examine relations between percent urban...
Threats to Paddlefish habitat: Implications for conservation
Joseph E. Gerken, Craig P. Paukert
2009, American Fisheries Society Symposium (66)
No abstract available....
CO2 storage resources, reserves, and reserve growth: Toward a methodology for integrated assessment of the storage capacity of oil and gas reservoirs and saline formations
Robert Burruss
2009, Energy Procedia (1) 2679-2683
Geologically based methodologies to assess the possible volumes of subsurface CO2 storage must apply clear and uniform definitions of resource and reserve concepts to each assessment unit (AU). Application of the current state of knowledge of geologic, hydrologic, geochemical, and geophysical parameters (contingencies) that control storage volume and injectivity allows definition...
A robust, multisite Holocene history of drift ice off northern Iceland: Implications for North Atlantic climate
John T. Andrews, D. Darby, D. Eberle, A. E. Jennings, M. Moros, A. Ogilvie
2009, Holocene (19) 71-77
An important indicator of Holocene climate change is provided by evidence for variations in the extent of drift ice. A proxy for drift ice in Iceland waters is provided by the presence of quartz. Quantitative x-ray diffraction analysis of the < 2 mm sediment fraction was undertaken on 16 cores...
Indicators and standards of quality for trail and campsite conditions at Isle au Haut
Jeffrey L. Marion
Robert E. Manning, editor(s)
2009, Book chapter, Parks and people: Managing outdoor recreation at Acadia National Park
No abstract available....
Audiomagnetotelluric investigation of Snake Valley, eastern Nevada and western Utah
Darcy McPhee, Keith Pari, Frank Baird
2009, Geology and Geologic Resources and Issues of Western Utah 287-298
Audiomagnetotelluric (AMT) data along four profiles in western Snake Valley and the corresponding two-dimensional (2-D) inverse models reveal subsurface structures that may be significant to ground-water investigations in the area. The AMT method is a valuable tool for estimating the electrical resistivity of the earth over depth ranges from...
Age, growth, mortality, and reproduction of Roughtongue bass, Pronotogrammus martinicensis 9Serranidae), in the northeastern Gulf of Mexico
Richard S. McBride, Kenneth J. Sulak, Paul E. Thurman, Adam K. Richardson
2009, Gulf of Mexico Science (27) 30-38
The inaccessibility of outer continental shelf reefs has made it difficult to investigate the biology of Pronotogrammus martinicensis, a small sea bass known to be numerous and widely distributed in such habitat. This study takes advantage of a series of cruises in the northeastern Gulf of Mexico that collected 1,485...
Avian response to early tidal salt marsh restoration at former commercial salt evaporation ponds in San Francisco Bay, California, USA
Nicole D. Athearn, John Y. Takekawa, Joel Shinn
2009, Natural Resources and Environmental Issues (15) 77-86
Restoration of former commercial salt evaporation ponds in the San Francisco Bay estuary is intended to reverse a severe decline (>79%) in tidal salt marshes. San Francisco Bay is a critical migratory stopover site and wintering area for shorebirds and waterfowl, and salt ponds are important high tide roosting and...
Shoreline features of Titan's Ontario Lacus from Cassini/VIMS observations
J. W. Barnes, R. H. Brown, J.M. Soderblom, L.A. Soderblom, R. Jaumann, B. Jackson, Stéphane Le Mouélic, Christophe Sotin, B. J. Buratti, K.M. Pitman, K. H. Baines, R. N. Clark, P. D. Nicholson, E. P. Turtle, J. Perry
2009, Icarus (201) 217-225
We analyze observations of Titan's south polar lake Ontario Lacus obtained by Cassini's Visual and Infrared Mapping Spectrometer during the 38th flyby of Titan (T38; 2007 December 5). These near-closest-approach observations have the highest signal-to-noise, the finest spatial resolution, and the least atmospheric influence of any near-infrared lake observation to...
Sulfur- and oxygen-isotopes in sediment-hosted stratiform barite deposits
C. A. Johnson, P. Emsbo, F. G. Poole, R. O. Rye
2009, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (73) 133-147
Sulfur- and oxygen-isotope analyses have been obtained for sediment-hosted stratiform barite deposits in Alaska, Nevada, Mexico, and China to examine the environment of formation of this deposit type. The barite is contained in sedimentary sequences as old as Late Neoproterozoic and as young as Mississippian. If previously published data for...
Global circulation as the main source of cloud activity on Titan
S. Rodriguez, Stéphane Le Mouélic, P. Rannou, G. Tobie, K. H. Baines, J. W. Barnes, C.A. Griffith, M. Hirtzig, K.M. Pitman, Christophe Sotin, R. H. Brown, B. J. Buratti, R. N. Clark, P. D. Nicholson
2009, Nature (459) 678-682
Clouds on Titan result from the condensation of methane and ethane and, as on other planets, are primarily structured by circulation of the atmosphere. At present, cloud activity mainly occurs in the southern (summer) hemisphere, arising near the pole and at mid-latitudes from cumulus updrafts triggered by surface heating and/or...
Using occupancy models of forest breeding birds to prioritize conservation planning
A. A. De Wan, P.J. Sullivan, A.J. Lembo, C. R. Smith, J.C. Maerz, J.P. Lassoie, M. E. Richmond
2009, Biological Conservation (142) 982-991
As urban development continues to encroach on the natural and rural landscape, land-use planners struggle to identify high priority conservation areas for protection. Although knowing where urban-sensitive species may be occurring on the landscape would facilitate conservation planning, research efforts are often not sufficiently designed to make quality predictions at...
VIMS spectral mapping observations of Titan during the Cassini prime mission
J. W. Barnes, J.M. Soderblom, R. H. Brown, B. J. Buratti, Christophe Sotin, K. H. Baines, R. N. Clark, R. Jaumann, T. B. McCord, R. Nelson, Stéphane Le Mouélic, S. Rodriguez, C. Griffith, P. Penteado, F. Tosi, K.M. Pitman, L. Soderblom, K. Stephan, P. Hayne, G. Vixie, J.-P. Bibring, G. Bellucci, F. Capaccioni, P. Cerroni, A. Coradini, D. P. Cruikshank, P. Drossart, V. Formisano, Y. Langevin, D. L. Matson, P. D. Nicholson, B. Sicardy
2009, Planetary and Space Science (57) 1950-1962
This is a data paper designed to facilitate the use of and comparisons to Cassini/visual and infrared mapping spectrometer (VIMS) spectral mapping data of Saturn's moon Titan. We present thumbnail orthographic projections of flyby mosaics from each Titan encounter during the Cassini prime mission, 2004 July 1 through 2008 June...
Exploration of Victoria crater by the mars rover opportunity
S. W. Squyres, A.H. Knoll, R. E. Arvidson, James W. Ashley, J.F. Bell III, W. M. Calvin, P. R. Christensen, B. C. Clark, B. A. Cohen, P.A. De Souza Jr., L. Edgar, W. H. Farrand, I. Fleischer, Ralf Gellert, M.P. Golombek, J. Grant, J. Grotzinger, A. Hayes, K. E. Herkenhoff, J. R. Johnson, B. Jolliff, G. Klingelhofer, A. Knudson, R. Li, T.J. McCoy, S. M. McLennan, D. W. Ming, D. W. Mittlefehldt, R.V. Morris, J. W. Rice Jr., C. Schroder, R.J. Sullivan, A. Yen, R.A. Yingst
2009, Science (324) 1058-1061
The Mars rover Opportunity has explored Victoria crater, a ???750-meter eroded impact crater formed in sulfate-rich sedimentary rocks. Impact-related stratigraphy is preserved in the crater walls, and meteoritic debris is present near the crater rim. The size of hematite-rich concretions decreases up-section, documenting variation in the intensity of groundwater processes....
