Seasonal variation in sensitivity of larval sea lampreys to the lampricide 3-trifluoromethyl-4-nitrophenol
R.J. Scholefield, K.S. Slaght, B.E. Stephens
2008, North American Journal of Fisheries Management (28) 1609-1617
We evaluated the sensitivity of larval sea lampreys Petromyzon marinus to the lampricide 3-trifluoromethyl-4-nitrophenol (TFM) in a series of toxicity tests in spring and summer. Although noted previously, the seasonal variation in sensitivity to TFM had never been tested as a means of reducing TFM usage in stream treatments. A...
Stochastic and compensatory effects limit persistence of variation in body mass of young caribou
Bruce W. Dale, Layne G. Adams, William B. Collins, Kyle Joly, Patrick Valkenburg, Robert Tobey
2008, Journal of Mammalogy (89) 1130-1135
Nutritional restriction during growth can have short- and long-term effects on fitness; however, animals inhabiting uncertain environments may exhibit adaptations to cope with variation in food availability. We examined changes in body mass in free-ranging female caribou (Rangifer tarandus) by measuring mass at birth and at 4, 11, and 16...
Aboveground predation by an American badger (Taxidea taxus) on black-tailed prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus)
D.A. Eads, E. Biggins
2008, Western North American Naturalist (68) 396-401
During research on black-tailed prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus), we repeatedly observed a female American badger (Taxidea taxus) hunting prairie dogs on a colony in southern Phillips County, Montana. During 1-14 June 2006, we observed 7 aboveground attacks (2 successful) and 3 successful excavations of prairie dogs. The locations and circumstances...
Fire severity and ecosytem responses following crown fires in California shrublands
Jon E. Keeley, T. Brennan, A.H. Pfaff
2008, Ecological Applications (18) 1530-1546
Chaparral shrublands burn in large high-intensity crown fires. Managers interested in how these wildfires affect ecosystem processes generally rely on surrogate measures of fire intensity known as fire severity metrics. In shrublands burned in the autumn of 2003, a study of 250 sites investigated factors determining fire severity and ecosystem...
Distribution, abundance, and range of the round goby, Apollina melanostoma, in the Duluth-Superior Harbor and St. Louis River estuary, 1998-2004
M.A. Bergstrom, Lori M. Evrard, A.F. Mensinger
2008, Journal of Great Lakes Research (34) 535-543
Round gobies were first discovered in the Duluth-Superior Harbor, Lake Superior, in 1995. Anecdotal sightings by anglers and others suggested that the infestation was growing and expanding; however, direct evidence of the distribution and expansion rate in the harbor was largely unknown. Distribution and range of the round goby, Apollonia...
Characterizing the nutritional strategy of incubating king eiders Somateria spectabilis in northern Alaska
R.L. Bentzen, A.N. Powell, T.D. Williams, A.S. Kitaysky
2008, Journal of Avian Biology (39) 683-690
We measured plasma concentrations of variables associated with lipid metabolism (free fatty acids, glycerol, triglyceride, and ??- hydroxybutyrate), protein metabolism (uric acid), and baseline corticosterone to characterize the nutritional state of incubating king eiders Somateria spectabilis and relate this to incubation constancy at two sites, Kuparuk and Teshekpuk, in northern...
Hydrocarbons on Saturn's satellites Iapetus and Phoebe
D. P. Cruikshank, E. Wegryn, Ore Dalle, R. H. Brown, J.-P. Bibring, B. J. Buratti, R. N. Clark, T. B. McCord, P. D. Nicholson, Y.J. Pendleton, T.C. Owen, G. Filacchione, A. Coradini, P. Cerroni, F. Capaccioni, R. Jaumann, R.M. Nelson, K. H. Baines, Christophe Sotin, G. Bellucci, M. Combes, Y. Langevin, B. Sicardy, D. L. Matson, V. Formisano, P. Drossart, V. Mennella
2008, Icarus (193) 334-343
Material of low geometric albedo (pV ??? 0.1) is found on many objects in the outer Solar System, but its distribution in the saturnian satellite system is of special interest because of its juxtaposition with high-albedo ice. In the absence of clear, diagnostic spectral features, the composition of this low-albedo...
Relationship of obligate grassland birds to landscape structure in Wisconsin
L.D. Murray, C. A. Ribic, W.E. Thogmartin
2008, Journal of Wildlife Management (72) 463-467
Conservation plans for grassland birds have included recommendations at the landscape level, but species' responses to landscape structure are variable. We studied the relationships between grassland bird abundances and landscape structure in 800-ha landscapes in Wisconsin, USA, using roadside surveys. Of 9 species considered, abundances of only 4 species differed...
Abundance and modes of occurrence of mercury in some low-sulfur coals from China
Lingyun Zheng, Gaisheng Liu, C. L. Chou
2008, International Journal of Coal Geology (73) 19-26
Mercury (Hg) is one of the hazardous trace elements in coal. Mercury in coal is almost totally emitted into the atmosphere during coal combustion. Especially for utilities burning low-sulfur coals that do not require scrubbers, Hg reduction will be neglected. Hg abundances of 52 low-sulfur coal samples from different coalfields...
Sequence stratigraphic control on prolific HC reservoir development, Southwest Iran
Y. Lasemi, K.N. Kondroud
2008, Oil & Gas Journal (106) 34-38
An important carbonate formation in the Persian Gulf and the onshore oil fields of Southwest Iran is the Lowermost Cretaceous Fahliyan formation. The formation in Darkhowain field consists of unconformity-bounded depositional sequences containing prolific hydrocarbon reservoirs of contrasting origin. Located in the high stand systems tract (HST) of the lower...
Geographical and climatic limits of needle types of one- and two-needled pinyon pines
K.L. Cole, J. Fisher, S.T. Arundel, J. Cannella, S. Swift
2008, Journal of Biogeography (35) 257-269
Aim: The geographical extent and climatic tolerances of one- and two-needled pinyon pines (Pinus subsect. Cembroides) are the focus of questions in taxonomy, palaeoclimatology and modelling of future distributions. The identification of these pines, traditionally classified by one- versus two-needled fascicles, is complicated by populations with both one- and two-needled...
Atlantic reef fish biogeography and evolution
S.R. Floeter, L.A. Rocha, D.R. Robertson, J.C. Joyeux, W. F. Smith-Vaniz, P. Wirtz, A.J. Edwards, J.P. Barreiros, C.E.L. Ferreira, J.L. Gasparini, A. Brito, J.M. Falcon, B.W. Bowen, G. Bernardi
2008, Journal of Biogeography (35) 22-47
Aim: To understand why and when areas of endemism (provinces) of the tropical Atlantic Ocean were formed, how they relate to each other, and what processes have contributed to faunal enrichment. Location: Atlantic Ocean. Methods: The distributions of 2605 species of reef fishes were compiled for 25 areas of the...
Diagenetic mineralization in Pennsylvanian coals from Indiana, USA: 13C/12C and 18O/16O implications for cleat origin and coalbed methane generation
W. Solano-Acosta, A. Schimmelmann, Maria Mastalerz, I. Arango
2008, International Journal of Coal Geology (73) 219-236
Cleats and fractures in southwestern Indiana coal seams are often filled with authigenic kaolinite and/or calcite. Carbon- and oxygen-stable isotope ratios of kaolinite, calcite, and coalbed CO2 were evaluated in combination with measured values and published estimates of ??18O of coalbed paleowaters that had been present at the time of...
Top predators in relation to bathymetry, ice and krill during austral winter in Marguerite Bay, Antarctica
C. A. Ribic, E. Chapman, William R. Fraser, G.L. Lawson, P.H. Wiebe
2008, Deep-Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography (55) 485-499
A key hypothesis guiding the US Southern Ocean Global Ocean Ecosystems Dynamics (US SO GLOBEC) program is that deep across-shelf troughs facilitate the transport of warm and nutrient-rich waters onto the continental shelf of the Western Antarctic Peninsula, resulting in enhanced winter production and prey availability to top predators. We...
100 Myr record of sequences, sedimentary facies and sea level change from Ocean Drilling Program onshore coreholes, US Mid-Atlantic coastal plain
J.V. Browning, K.G. Miller, P. J. Sugarman, M.A. Kominz, P.P. McLaughlin, A.A. Kulpecz, M.D. Feigenson
2008, Basin Research (20) 227-248
We analyzed the latest Early Cretaceous to Miocene sections (???110-7Ma) in 11 New Jersey and Delaware onshore coreholes (Ocean Drilling Program Legs 150X and 174AX). Fifteen to seventeen Late Cretaceous and 39-40 Cenozoic sequence boundaries were identified on the basis of physical and temporal breaks. Within-sequence changes follow predictable patterns...
Simulated fate and transport of metolachlor in the unsaturated zone, Maryland, USA
E.R. Bayless, P. D. Capel, J.E. Barbash, R.M.T. Webb, T.L.C. Hancock, D.C. Lampe
2008, Journal of Environmental Quality (37) 1064-1072
An unsaturated-zone transport model was used to examine the transport and fate of metolachlor applied to an agricultural site in Maryland, USA. The study site was instrumented to collect data on soil-water content, soil-water potential, ground water levels, major ions, pesticides, and nutrients from the unsaturated zone during 2002-2004. The...
Transport and fate of nitrate at the ground-water/surface-water interface
L.J. Puckett, C. Zamora, H. Essaid, J.T. Wilson, H.M. Johnson, M.J. Brayton, J. R. Vogel
2008, Journal of Environmental Quality (37) 1034-1050
Although numerous studies of hyporheic exchange and denitrification have been conducted in pristine, high-gradient streams, few studies of this type have been conducted in nutrient-rich, low-gradient streams. This is a particularly important subject given the interest in nitrogen (N) inputs to the Gulf of Mexico and other eutrophic aquatic systems....
Factors affecting detection of burrowing owl nests during standardized surveys
C.J. Conway, V. Garcia, M. D. Smith, K. Hughes
2008, Journal of Wildlife Management (72) 688-696
Identifying causes of declines and evaluating effects of management practices on persistence of local populations of burrowing owls (Athene cunicularia) requires accurate estimates of abundance and population trends. Moreover, regulatory agencies in the United States and Canada typically require surveys to detect nest burrows prior to approving developments or other...
Mercury concentrations in blood and feathers of prebreeding Forster's terns in relation to space use of San Francisco Bay, California, USA, habitats
Joshua T. Ackerman, Collin A. Eagles-Smith, John Y. Takekawa, J.D. Bluso, T.L. Adelsbach
2008, Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (27) 897-908
We examined mercury concentrations and space use of prebreeding Forster's terns (Sterna forsteri) in San Francisco Bay, California, USA, to assess factors influencing mercury levels in piscivorous birds. In 2005 and 2006, we collected blood and feathers from 122 Forster's terns and radio-marked and tracked 72 terns to determine locations...
A biomonitor for tracking changes in the availability of lakewater cadmium over space and time
L. Hare, A. Tessier, M.-N. Croteau
2008, Human and Ecological Risk Assessment (14) 229-242
Determining the exposure of organisms to contaminants is a key component of Ecological Risk Assessments (ERAs). Effective estimates of exposure consider not only the total concentrations of contaminants in an organism's surroundings but also the availability of the contaminants to organisms. Contaminant availability can be inferred from mechanistic models and...
Dispersal of large branchiopod cysts: Potential movement by wind from potholes on the Colorado Plateau
T. B. Graham, D. Wirth
2008, Hydrobiologia (600) 17-27
Wind is suspected to be a primary dispersal mechanism for large branchiopod cysts on the Colorado Plateau. We used a wind tunnel to investigate wind velocities capable of moving pothole sediment and cysts from intact and disturbed surfaces. Material moved in the wind tunnel was trapped in filters; cysts were...
Assessment of forest geospatial patterns over the three giant forest areas of China
M.-S. Li, Z.-L. Zhu, H. Lu, D. Xu, A.-X. Liu, S.-K. Peng
2008, Journal of Forestry Research (19) 25-31
Geospatial patterns of forest fragmentation over the three traditional giant forested areas of China (Northeastern, southwestern and Southern China) were analyzed comparatively and reported based on a 250-m resolution land cover dataset. Specifically, the spatial patterns of forest fragmentation were characterized by combining geospatial metrics and forest fragmentation models. The...
Spatial and temporal statistical analysis of bycatch data: Patterns of sea turtle bycatch in the North Atlantic
B. Gardner, P.J. Sullivan, S.J. Morreale, S.P. Epperly
2008, Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences (65) 2461-2470
Loggerhead (Caretta caretta) and leatherback (Dermochelys coriacea) sea turtle distributions and movements in offshore waters of the western North Atlantic are not well understood despite continued efforts to monitor, survey, and observe them. Loggerhead and leatherback sea turtles are listed as endangered by the World Conservation Union, and thus anthropogenic...
Modeling potential habitats for alien species Dreissena polymorpha in continental USA
Li Mingyang, Ju Yunwei, Sunil Kumar, Thomas J. Stohlgren
2008, Acta Ecologica Sinica (28) 4253-4258
The effective measure to minimize the damage of invasive species is to block the potential invasive species to enter into suitable areas. 1864 occurrence points with GPS coordinates and 34 environmental variables from Daymet datasets were gathered, and 4 modeling methods, i.e., Logistic Regression (LR), Classification and Regression Trees (CART),...
Ant community composition across a gradient of disturbed military landscapes at Fort Benning, Georgia
J.H. Graham, A.J. Krzysik, D.A. Kovacic, J.J. Duda, D.C. Freeman, J.M. Emlen, J.C. Zak, W.R. Long, M.P. Wallace, C. Chamberlin-Graham, J.P. Nutter, H.E. Balbach
2008, Southeastern Naturalist (7) 429-448
Military training, soil texture, and ground cover influence ant communities at Fort Benning, a military installation in west-central Georgia. We sampled 81,237 ground-dwelling ants (47 species in 20 genera) with pitfall traps at 40 sites on a continuum from nearly pristine forest to highly disturbed training areas. We also measured...
