Compound-specific isotope analysis: Questioning the origins of a trichloroethene plume
S. M. Eberts, C. Braun, S. Jones
2008, Environmental Forensics (9) 85-95
Stable carbon isotope ratios of trichloroethene (TCE), cis-1,2- dichloroethene, and trans-1,2-dichloroethene were determined by use of gas chromatography-combustion-isotope ratio mass spectroscopy to determine whether compound-specific stable carbon isotopes could be used to help understand the origin and history of a TCE groundwater plume in Fort Worth, TX. Calculated ??13C values...
Seasonal and distributional patterns of seabirds along the Aleutian Archipelago
M. Renner, G.L. Hunt Jr., John F. Piatt, G.V. Byrd
2008, Marine Ecology Progress Series (357) 301-311
The Aleutian Archipelago is of global importance to seabirds during the northern summer, but little is known about seabird use of these waters during winter. We compare summer and winter abundances of seabirds around 3 islands: Buldir in the western, Kasatochi in the central, and Aiktak in the eastern Aleutians....
Estimation of walrus populations on sea ice with infrared imagery and aerial photography
Mark S. Udevitz, D. M. Burn, M.A. Webber
2008, Marine Mammal Science (24) 57-70
Population sizes of ice-associated pinnipeds have often been estimated with visual or photographic aerial surveys, but these methods require relatively slow speeds and low altitudes, limiting the area they can cover. Recent developments in infrared imagery and its integration with digital photography could allow substantially larger areas to be surveyed...
The effect of terrace geology on ground-water movement and on the interaction of ground water and surface water on a mountainside near Mirror Lake, New Hampshire, USA
T. C. Winter, D.C. Buso, P.C. Shattuck, P. T. Harte, D.A. Vroblesky, D.J. Goode
2008, Hydrological Processes (22) 21-32
The west watershed of Mirror Lake in the White Mountains of New Hampshire contains several terraces that are at different altitudes and have different geologic compositions. The lowest terrace (FSE) has 5 m of sand overlying 9 m of till. The two next successively higher terraces (FS2 and FS1) consist...
General and specialized media routinely employed for primary isolation of bacterial pathogens of fishes
C. E. Starliper
2008, Journal of Wildlife Diseases (44) 121-132
There are a number of significant diseases among cultured and free-ranging freshwater fishes that have a bacterial etiology; these represent a variety of gram-negative and gram-positive genera. Confirmatory diagnosis of these diseases involves primary isolation of the causative bacterium on bacteriologic media. Frequently used "general" bacteriologic media simply provide the...
Cardiopulmonary responses of intratracheally instilled tire particles and constituent metal components
R.R. Gottipolu, E. R. Landa, M.C. Schladweiler, J.K. McGee, A.D. Ledbetter, J.H. Richards, G.J. Wallenborn, U.P. Kodavanti
2008, Inhalation Toxicology (20) 473-484
Tire and brake wear particles contain transition metals, and contribute to near-road PM. We hypothesized that acute cardiopulmonary injury from respirable tire particles (TP) will depend on the amount of soluble metals. Respirable fractions of two types of TP (TP1 and TP2) were analyzed for water...
The April 18, 2008 Illinois earthquake: an ANSS monitoring success
Robert B. Herrmann, M. Withers, H. Benz
2008, Seismological Research Letters (79) 830-843
The largest-magnitude earthquake in the past 20 years struck near Mt. Carmel in southeastern Illinois on Friday morning, 18 April 2008 at 09:36:59 UTC (04:37 CDT). The Mw 5.2 earthquake was felt over an area that spanned Chicago and Atlanta, with about 40,000 reports submitted to the U.S. Geological Survey...
Factors affecting bottom trawl catches: Implications for monitoring the fishes of Lake Superior
D.L. Yule, J.V. Adams, J.D. Stockwell, O. T. Gorman
2008, North American Journal of Fisheries Management (28) 109-122
An annual daytime bottom trawl survey of the Lake Superior fish community designed in 1978 does not adequately assess the entire community. Whereas recent studies have recommended that pelagic species be surveyed with a combination of acoustic and midwater trawling methods (AC-MT), we used bottom trawling to study the effects...
The evolution of volcano-hosted geothermal systems based on deep wells from Karaha-Telaga Bodas, Indonesia
J.N. Moore, R.G. Allis, M. Nemcok, T.S. Powell, C.J. Bruton, P.E. Wannamaker, I.B. Raharjo, D.I. Norman
2008, American Journal of Science (308) 1-48
Temperature and pressure surveys, fluid samples, and petrologic analyses of rock samples from deep drill holes at the Karaha - Telaga Bodas geothermal field on the volcanic ridge extending northward from Galunggung Volcano, West Java, have provided a unique opportunity to characterize the evolution of an active volcano-hosted geothermal system....
Mineral sources and transport pathways for arsenic release in a coastal watershed, USA
Nora K. Foley, Robert A. Ayuso
2008, Geochemistry: Exploration, Environment, Analysis (8) 59-75
Metasedimentary bedrock of coastal Maine contains a diverse suite of As-bearing minerals that act as significant sources of elements found in ground and surface waters in the region. Arsenic sources in the Penobscot Formation include, in order of decreasing As content by weight: löllingite and realgar (c.70%), arsenopyrite, cobaltite, glaucodot,...
Modeling the spatial distribution of landslide-prone colluvium and shallow groundwater on hillslopes of Seattle, WA
W.H. Schulz, D. J. Lidke, J. W. Godt
2008, Earth Surface Processes and Landforms (33) 123-141
Landslides in partially saturated colluvium on Seattle, WA, hillslopes have resulted in property damage and human casualties. We developed statistical models of colluvium and shallow-groundwater distributions to aid landslide hazard assessments. The models were developed using a geographic information system, digital geologic maps, digital topography, subsurface exploration results, the groundwater...
Adherence of Myxobolus cerebralis myxospores to waders: Implications for disease dissemination
K.K. Gates, C.S. Guy, A.V. Zale, T.B. Horton
2008, North American Journal of Fisheries Management (28) 1453-1458
The vectors involved in the spread of whirling disease, which is caused by Myxobolus cerebralis, are only partly understood. However, the parasite has rapidly become established in many regions, suggesting that it is easily disseminated. We gained insight into transport vectors by examining the surface porosity of common wading equipment...
Structural equation modeling for observational studies
J.B. Grace
2008, Journal of Wildlife Management (72) 14-22
Structural equation modeling (SEM) represents a framework for developing and evaluating complex hypotheses about systems. This method of data analysis differs from conventional univariate and multivariate approaches familiar to most biologists in several ways. First, SEMs are multiequational and capable of representing a wide array of complex hypotheses about how...
Chronic and episodic acidification of Adirondack streams from acid rain in 2003-2005
G.B. Lawrence, K. M. Roy, Barry P. Baldigo, H. A. Simonin, S. B. Capone, J.W. Sutherland, S. A. Nierzwicki-Bauer, C.W. Boylen
2008, Journal of Environmental Quality (37) 2264-2274
Limited information is available on streams in the Adirondack region of New York, although streams are more prone to acidification than the more studied Adirondack lakes. A stream assessment was therefore undertaken in the Oswegatchie and Black River drainages; an area of 4585 km2 in the western part of the...
Water movement within the unsaturated zone in four agricultural areas of the United States
L.H. Fisher, R. W. Healy
2008, Journal of Environmental Quality (37) 1051-1063
Millions of tons of agricultural fertilizer and pesticides are applied annually in the USA. Due to the potential for these chemicals to migrate to groundwater, a study was conducted in 2004 using field data to calculate water budgets, rates of groundwater recharge and times of water travel through the unsaturated...
Simulating the impact of cholinesterase-inhibiting pesticides on non-target wildlife in irrigated crops
J.M. Pisani, W.E. Grant, M.A. Mora
2008, Ecological Modelling (210) 179-192
We present a simulation model for risk assessment of the impact of insecticide inhibitors of cholinesterase (ChE) applied in irrigated agricultural fields on non-target wildlife. The model, which we developed as a compartment model based on difference equations (??t = 1 h), consists of six submodels describing the dynamics of...
Long-period building response to earthquakes in the San Francisco Bay Area
A.H. Olsen, Brad T. Aagaard, T. H. Heaton
2008, Conference Paper, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America
This article reports a study of modeled, long-period building responses to ground-motion simulations of earthquakes in the San Francisco Bay Area. The earthquakes include the 1989 magnitude 6.9 Loma Prieta earthquake, a magnitude 7.8 simulation of the 1906 San Francisco earthquake, and two hypothetical magnitude 7.8 northern San Andreas fault...
Geology of Hawaii reefs
Charles H. Fletcher, Christopher Bochicchio, Christopher L. Conger, Mary S. Engels, Eden J. Feirstein, Neil Frazer, Craig R. Glenn, Richard W. Grigg, Eric E. Grossman, Jodi N. Harney, Ebitari Isoun, Colin V. Murray-Wallace, John J. Rooney, Kenneth H. Rubin, Clark Sherman, Sean Vitousek
2008, Book chapter, Coral reefs of the USA
The Hawaii hot spot lies in the mantle under, or just to the south of, the Big Island of Hawaii. Two active subaerial volcanoes and one active submarine volcano reveal its productivity. Centrally located on the Pacific Plate, the hot spot is the source of the Hawaii Island Archipelago...
Brown treesnake (Boiga irregularis) trappability: Attributes of the snake, environment and trap
V.L. Boyarski, J. A. Savidge, G.H. Rodda
2008, Applied Herpetology (5) 47-61
We examined three classes of factors that may influence brown treesnake (Boiga irregularis) trappability on Guam: (1) attributes of the snake, (2) attributes of the environment and (3) attributes of the trap. The attributes of the snake we considered included body condition, length and sex. Heavier snakes for a given...
Decomposition of soil organic matter from boreal black spruce forest: Environmental and chemical controls
K.P. Wickland, J. C. Neff
2008, Biogeochemistry (87) 29-47
Black spruce forests are a dominant covertype in the boreal forest region, and they inhabit landscapes that span a wide range of hydrologic and thermal conditions. These forests often have large stores of soil organic carbon. Recent increases in temperature at northern latitudes may be stimulating decomposition rates of...
A model for radial dike emplacement in composite cones based on observations from Summer Coon volcano, Colorado, USA
Michael P. Poland, W.P. Moats, J.H. Fink
2008, Bulletin of Volcanology (70) 861-875
We mapped the geometry of 13 silicic dikes at Summer Coon, an eroded Oligocene stratovolcano in southern Colorado, to investigate various characteristics of radial dike emplacement in composite volcanoes. Exposed dikes are up to about 7 km in length and have numerous offset segments along their upper peripheries. Surprisingly, most...
Response in the water quality of the Salton Sea, California, to changes in phosphorus loading: An empirical modeling approach
Dale M. Robertson, S.G. Schladow
2008, Hydrobiologia (604) 5-19
Salton Sea, California, like many other lakes, has become eutrophic because of excessive nutrient loading, primarily phosphorus (P). A Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) is being prepared for P to reduce the input of P to the Sea. In order to better understand how P-load reductions should affect the average...
Electricity generation by anaerobic bacteria and anoxic sediments from hypersaline soda lakes
L.G. Miller, R.S. Oremland
2008, Extremophiles (12) 837-848
Anaerobic bacteria and anoxic sediments from soda lakes produced electricity in microbial fuel cells (MFCs). No electricity was generated in the absence of bacterial metabolism. Arsenate respiring bacteria isolated from moderately hypersaline Mono Lake (Bacillus selenitireducens), and salt-saturated Searles Lake, CA (strain SLAS-1) oxidized lactate using arsenate...
Utilizing spectral analysis of coastal discharge computed by a numerical model to determine boundary influence
E.D. Swain, C.D. Langevin, J.D. Wang
2008, Journal of Coastal Research (24) 1418-1429
In the present study, a spectral analysis was applied to field data and a numerical model of southeastern Everglades and northeastern Florida Bay that involved computing and comparing the power spectrum of simulated and measured flows at the primary coastal outflow creek. Four dominant power frequencies, corresponding to the S1,...
Holocene depositional environments and surface-level changes at Lake Fryxell, Antarctica
T.E. Whittaker, B.L. Hall, C.H. Hendy, S. A. Spaulding
2008, Holocene (18) 775-786
We report on Holocene surface-level variations of Lake Fryxell, Antarctica, as determined from multi-proxy analyses of 18 sediment cores. During this time accumulating sediments were predominantly aeolian sand with algal and carbonate laminae. Based on stratigraphy, mineralogy and diatom assemblages we suggest some carbonate laminae were deposited when lake level...
