Wave processes and geologic responses on the floor of the Yellow Sea
James S. Booth, William J. Winters
1991, Book chapter, From shoreline to abyss: Contributions in marine geology in honor of Francis Parker Shepard
The floor of the Yellow Sea is a geologically mundane surface: it is nearly horizontal, lacks relief, and, with few exceptions, is devoid of conspicuous geomorphologic features. However, it is the principal repository for the prodigious sediment load of the Huanghe (Yellow River); and, due to its inherent shallowness (average...
Volcano spacing and plate rigidity
Uri S. ten Brink
1991, Geology (19) 397-400
In-plane stresses, which accompany the flexural deformation of the lithosphere under the load of adjacent volcanoes, may govern the spacing of volcanoes in hotspot provinces. Specifically, compressive stresses in the vicinity of a volcano prevent new upwelling in this area, forcing a new volcano to develop at a minimum distance...
The West Antarctic rift system, a propagating rift "captured" by a mantle plume
John C. Behrendt, W.E. LeMasurier, Alan K. Cooper
1991, Conference Paper, Recent Progress in Antarctic Earth Science
The West Antarctic rift system, marked by a 3-5-kilometer high shoulder from northern Victoria Land to the Ellsworth Mountains, extends through the Ross Embayment and the Byrd Subglacial Basin. Geophysical data suggest that the ice covered area beneath the rift zone is underlain by Cenozoic volcanic rocks (flood basalts?), and...
A reinterpretation of the timing, position, and significance of part of the Sacramento Mountains detachment fault, southeastern California
Carol Simpson, Janet Schweitzer, Keith A. Howard
1991, GSA Bulletin (103) 751-761
A contact previously considered to be part of the Sacramento Mountains detachment fault (SDF), exposed in the Sacramento Mountains metamorphic core complex, is reinterpreted as an unconformity between Tertiary rhyolite of Eagle Peak and cataclastically deformed crystalline lower-plate rocks. This reinterpretation is based on outcrop-scale topographic relief and the absence...
Franciscan Complex, Coast Range ophiolite and Great Valley sequence: Pacheco Pass to Del Puerto Canyon, California
Allan P. Bennison, M. Clark Blake Jr., B. F. Cox, William P. Elder, W. G. Ernst, Tekla Harms, T. H. Nilsen
1991, Book chapter, Geologic excursions in northern California: San Francisco to the Sierra Nevada
This field trip covers part of the Diablo Range and adjacent San Joaquin Valley of central California (Fig. 1 ). The core of the range is made up of rocks of the Franciscan Complex, flanked by Coast Range ophiolite (CRO) and Great Valley sequence (GVS). The Franciscan Complex in this...
Speculations on continental crustal evolution
R. Meissner, Walter D. Mooney
1991, Eos, Earth and Space Science News (72) 585-590
The evolution of the continental crust is a topic that has challenged Earth scientists since the earliest hypotheses of crustal evolution were put forth by such luminaries as Hutton, the 18th century Scottish scientist, and later by Stille (Germany), Argand (France), and Dana (United States). Recent geophysical observations provide important...
The Pu'u ‘O’o‐Kupaianaha eruption of Kilauea
Christina C. Heliker, Thomas L. Wright
1991, Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union (72) 521-526
Kilauea is nearing the 10th year of its most voluminous rift zone eruption in the last 2 centuries. Lava flows have covered 75 km2 to depths as great as 25 m and have added almost 1.2 km2 of new land to the island. These flows have devastated downslope communities and have provided...
Catastrophes and conservation: Lessons from sea otters and the Exxon Valdez
James A. Estes
1991, Science (254) 1596-1596
No abstract available. ...
Organic matter and containment of uranium and fissiogenic isotopes at the Oklo natural reactors
B. Nagy, F. Gauthier-Lafaye, P. Holliger, D.W. Davis, D.J. Mossman, J.S. Leventhal, M.J. Rigali, J. Parnell
1991, Nature (354) 472-475
Some of the Precambrian natural fission reactors at Oklo in Gabon contain abundant organic matter1,2, part of which was liquefied at the time of criticality and subsequently converted to a graphitic solid3,4. The liquid organic matter helps to reduce U(VI) to U(IV) from aqueous solutions, resulting in the precipitation of...
The velocity field along the San Andreas Fault in central and southern California
Michael Lisowski, James C. Savage, W.H. Prescott
1991, Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth (96) 8369-8389
The velocity field within a 100‐km‐broad zone centered on the San Andreas fault between the Mexican border and San Francisco Bay has been inferred from repeated surveys of trilateration networks in the 1973–1989 interval. The velocity field has the appearance of a shear flow that remains parallel to the local...
Strain accumulation in western Washington
James C. Savage, Michael Lisowski, W.H. Prescott
1991, Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth (96) 14493-14507
The Juan de Fuca plate is subducted beneath the North American plate off the coast of Washington at a rate of about 40 mm/yr N68°E. The average principal strain rates (extension reckoned positive) measured in northwestern Washington are as follows: Olympic peninsula 25 km south of Port...
Tide gage measurements of uplift along the south coast of Alaska
James C. Savage, George Plafker
1991, Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth (96) 4325-4335
Annual mean sea levels along the south coast of Alaska are used to measure uplift along the Alaska‐Aleutian subduction zone. Oceanographic effects are removed from the observed annual mean sea levels by subtracting a correction that is proportional to the sea level fluctuations observed in southeast Alaska. That correction is...
Criticism of some forecasts of the National Earthquake Prediction Evaluation Council
James C. Savage
1991, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (81) 862-881
The Working Group on California Earthquake Probabilities has assigned probabilities for rupture in the interval from 1988 to 2018 to various segments of the San Andreas fault on the basis of the lognormal distribution of recurrence times of characteristic earthquakes postulated by Nishenko and Buland (1987). I question the validity...
Geographic and seasonal distribution of herbicides in streams of the midwestern United States
D. A. Goolsby, E.M. Thurman, D.W. Kolpin
1991, Conference Paper, Proceedings, Irrigation and Drainage Engineering Conference
No abstract available....
Quartz solubility in hydrothermal seawater: An experimental study and equation describing quartz solubility for up to 0.5 M NaCl solutions
K. L. Von Damm, James L. Bischoff, Robert J. Rosenbauer
1991, American Journal of Science (291) 977-1007
Experimental investigations confirm an increase of quartz solubility in sea-water relative to distilled water. Combination of the experimental data with published data, most of which related to distilled water, permitted construction of a database for calculating an equation that fits all the data. Application of the equation indicates a shallower...
Assessing the direct effects of streamflow on recreation: a literature review
Thomas C. Brown, Jonathan G. Taylor, Bo Shelby
1991, Journal of the American Water Resources Association (27) 979-989
A variety of methods have been used to learn about the relation between streamflow and recreation quality. Regardless of method, nearly all studies found a similar nonlinear relation of recreation to flow, with quality increasing with flow to a point, and then decreasing for further increases in flow. Points of...
Comment and Reply on "Origin of deep crustal reflections: Implications of coincident seismic refraction and reflection data in Nevada"
R.D. Hyndman, T. J. Lewis, G. Marquis, W. Steven Holbrook, Rufus D. Catchings, Craig M. Jarchow
1991, Geology (19) 1234-1244
No abstract available....
Pulses of middle Eocene to earliest Oligocene climatic deterioration in Southern California and the Gulf Coast
Norman O. Frederiksen
1991, Palaios (6) 564-571
No abstract available. ...
Standing crops and ecology of aquatic invertebrates in agricultural drainwater ponds in California
N.H. Euliss Jr., R. L. Jarvis, D.S. Gilmer
1991, Wetlands (11) 179-190
We examined standing crops and ecology of aquatic invertebrates in agricultural drainwater evaporation ponds in California from October 1982 to March 1983 and September 1983 to March 1984. Evaporation ponds supported low diversities but high standing crops of aquatic invertebrates. A water boatman (Trichocorixa reticulata) and a midge (Tanypus grodhausi)...
Rapid dewatering of the crust deduced from ages of mesothermal gold deposits
R.J. Goldfarb, L.W. Snee, L.D. Miller, R.J. Newberry
1991, Nature (354) 296-298
The large-scale migration of fluids through the continental crust has been well documented, but there is no consensus regarding the timing of fluid migration relative to orogenic episodes, or rates of crustal dewatering1. Here we present40Ar/39Ar dates for muscovites from quartz veins along a major shear zone in southeast Alaska,...
Late Devonian history of Michigan basin
R.C. Gutschick, Charles Sandberg
1991, Special Paper of the Geological Society of America (256) 181-202
The Upper Devonian sequence in the Michigan Basin is a westward extension of coeval cyclical facies of the Catskill deltaic complex in the Appalachian basin. Both basins and the intervening Findlay arch express the tectonic and sedimentational effects of foreland compression and isostatic compensation produced by the Acadian orogeny. The...
Continental crustal evolution observations
Walter D. Mooney, R. Meissner
1991, Eos, Earth and Space Science News (72) 537-541
How has the continental crust evolved? What are the primary processes responsible for its composition, structure, and mode of deformation? What role do fluids play in deep crustal processes? In the last dozen years, geophysicists have obtained images of the deep continental crust that can be used...
Upper Devonian biostratigraphy of Michigan Basin
R.C. Gutschick, Charles Sandberg
1991, GSA Special Papers (256) 179
The Late Devonian Michigan Basin was floored by the Middle and Upper Devonian Squaw Bay Limestone, which was deposited during the downwarping that produced the basin within a former Middle Devonian carbonate platform. The Squaw Bay comprises three beds, each having a different conodont fauna. The two upper beds, deposited...
Comment and reply on "Delle Phosphatic Member: An anomalous phosphatic interval in the Mississippian (Osagean-Meramecian) shelf sequence of central Utah"
Charles Sandberg, R.C. Gutschick, Morris S. Petersen, Forrest G. Poole, Willi Ziegler
1991, Geology (19) 410-412
No abstract available....
Strain accumulation along the Denali Fault at the Nenana River and Delta River Crossings, Alaska
James C. Savage, Michael Lisowski
1991, Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth (96) 14481-14892
Surveys of trilateration networks across the Denali fault at the Nenana River in 1982, 1984, and 1988 and at the Delta River in 1975, 1979, 1982, and 1984 indicate a minor (0.10±0.04 μstrain/yr) northeastward uniaxial extension. The component of right‐lateral shear‐strain accumulation across the fault is not significant at the...
