An epizootic of Florida manatees associated with a dinoflagellate bloom
T. J. O'Shea, G. B. Rathbun, R. K. Bonde, C.D. Buergelt, D.K. Odell
1991, Marine Mammal Science (7) 165-179
Over a 10-wk period in early 1982, 39 Florida manatees (Trichechus manatus latirostris) were found dead in the lower Caloosahatchee River and nearby waters of southwestern Florida. Two were killed by boats. The remainder showed no evidence of trauma. Lesions indicative of infectious agents were not identified, and bacteriological and...
Distribution patterns of individually identifiable West Indian manatees (Trichechus manatus) in Florida
J.P. Reid, G. B. Rathbun, J.R. Wilcox
1991, Marine Mammal Science (7) 180-190
Photographs of distinctively scarred manatees (Trichechus manatus) were taken at aggregation sites throughout Florida and assembled into a catalog for identifying individuals. Resightings of known manatees in different years or at different locations enabled us to document site fidelity and long-distance movements. Of the 891 individuals included in the catalog...
Satellite telemetry: performance of animal-tracking systems
Kim A. Keating, Wayne G. Brewster, Carl H. Key
1991, Journal of Wildlife Management (55) 160-171
t: We used 10 Telonics ST-3 platform transmitter terminals (PTT's) configured for wolves and ungulates to examine the performance of the Argos satellite telemetry system. Under near-optimal conditions, 68 percentile errors for location qualities (NQ) 1, 2, and 3 were 1,188, 903, and 361 m, respectively. Errors (rE) exceeded expected...
Effects of wind-hardened snow on foraging by reindeer (Rangifer tarandus)
W. B. Collins, T. S. Smith
1991, Arctic (44) 217-222
Various methods were investigated for assessing the relationship between wind-hardened snow (upsik) and forage availability to reindeer. Mean bottom area of individual craters was not a function of depth, hardness or integrated hardness. Individual crater area was partially dependent on specific cratering time (r2 = .60). Cratering time per active...
Apparatus for precise regulation and chilling of water temperatures in laboratory studies
D.B. Wangaard, John P. McDonell, Carl V. Burger, R.L. Wilmot
1991, Progressive Fish-Culturist (53) 251-255
Laboratory simulation of water temperature regimes that occur in subarctic rivers through winter necessitates the ability to maintain near‐freezing conditions. A heat‐exchanging apparatus is described that provided a convenient means of simulating the range of temperatures (0.5–12°C) that incubating eggs of salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) typically experience in south‐central Alaskan watersheds. The...
Ultrasonic velocity meter used in stream gaging
L.D. Fayard
Shane Richard M., editor(s)
1991, Conference Paper, Proceedings - National Conference on Hydraulic Engineering
Many streams and canals in Florida are affected by tides or control structures and experience very low flow velocities at times. For example, the St. Johns River in northeastern Florida is affected by tides for about 140 miles upstream from its mouth and many canals in the Miami area of...
Energy dynamics, foraging ecology, and behavior of prenesting greater white-fronted geese
D.A. Budeau, John T. Ratti, Craig R. Ely
1991, Journal of Wildlife Management (55) 556-563
We collected greater white-fronted geese (Anser albifrons frontalis) on their nesting grounds on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska, when they arrived and again before incubation during 1986 and 1987. Body mass, water content, crude fat, and crude protein increased in female geese between arrival and incubation onset in 1986 and 1987...
Inter- and intraspecific mitochondrial DNA variation in North American bears (Ursus)
Matthew A. Cronin, Steven C. Amstrup, Gerald W. Garner, Ernest R. Vyse
1991, Canadian Journal of Zoology (69) 2985-2992
We assessed mitochondrial DNA variation in North American black bears (Ursus americanus), brown bears (Ursus arctos), and polar bears (Ursus maritimus). Divergent mitochondrial DNA haplotypes (0.05 base substitutions per nucleotide) were identified in populations of black bears from Montana and Oregon. In contrast, very similar haplotypes occur in black bears...
Mitochondrial DNA in wildlife forensic science: Species identification of tissues
Matthew A. Cronin, Daniel A. Palmisciano, Ernest R. Vyse, David G. Cameron
1991, Wildlife Society Bulletin (19) 94-105
A common problem in wildlife law enforcement is identifying the species of origin of carcasses, meat, or blood when morphological characters such as hair or bones are not available. Immunological and protein electrophoretic (allozyme or general protein) procedures have been used in species identification with considerable success (Bunch et al....
Ecology of the island night lizard, Xantusia riversiana, on Santa Barbara Island, California
Gary M. Fellers, Charles A. Drost
1991, Herpetological Monographs (5) 28-78
We studied the population biology and ecology of the island night lizard (Xantusia riversiana) on Santa Barbara Island, California from 1981-1988. We trapped all the major habitats on the island, using pitfall traps and Sherman small mammal traps. In addition to permanently marking individuals by toe-clipping, we used specialized marking...
Chemical contamination and physical characteristics of sediments in the upper Great Lakes connecting channels 1985
Paul E. Bertram, Thomas A. Edsall, Bruce A. Manny, Susan J. Nichols, Donald W. Schloesser
1991, Report GL-015-91; EPA-905/9-91/018
Contamination of sediments by toxic organic substances and heavy metals was widespread throughout the connecting channels of the upper Great Lakes in 1985. Sediments at 250 stations in the connecting channels were analyzed for total PCBs, oil and grease, phenols, total cyanide, total volatile solids, mercury, cadmium, chromium, cobalt,...
Isolation of poxvirus from debilitating cutaneous lesions on four immature grackles (Quiscalus sp.)
D. E. Docherty, R.I.R. Long, Edward L. Flickinger, L. N. Locke
1991, Avian Diseases (35) 244-247
Poxvirus was isolated from nodules on four immature grackles (Quiscalus sp.) collected in two residential areas of Victoria, Texas. All of the birds were emaciated and had nodules on the eyelids, bill, legs, toes, and areas of the skin on the wings, neck, and ventral abdomen. These pox nodules were...
Major results of gravity and magnetic studies at Yucca Mountain, Nevada
H. W. Oliver, D. A. Ponce, R. F. Sikora
Anon, editor(s)
1991, Conference Paper, High Level Radioactive Waste Management
About 4,000 gravity stations have been obtained at Yucca Mountain and vicinity since the beginning of radioactive-waste studies there in 1978. These data have been integrated with data from about 29,000 stations previously obtained in the surrounding region to produce a series of Bouguer and isostatic-residual-gravity maps of the Nevada...
Lead poisoning of a marbled godwit
L. N. Locke, M. R. Smith, R. M. Windingstad, S. J. Martin
1991, The Prairie Naturalist (23) 21-24
A thin adult female marbled godwit (Limosa fedoa) found dead at Benton Lake National Wildlife Refuge, Montana, was found to have 17 ingested lead shot in its gizzard. Its liver contained 51.7 ppm lead (wet weight). Based on these necropsy findings a diagnosis of lead poisoning was made....
Walleye in Lake Erie and Lake St. Clair
S.J. Nepszy, D.H. Davies, D. Einhouse, R.W. Hatch, G. Isbell, D. MacLennan, K.M. Muth
1991, Special Publication 91-1
The history and current status of walleye (Stizostedion vitreum vitreum) stocks in Lake Erie and Lake St. Clair are reviewed in relation to their exploitation by commercial and recreational fishermen, environmental factors, rehabilitation efforts, and community dynamics. Management initiatives and stock recovery under these processes are outlined. After the collapse of...
Flight performance energetics and water turnovers of Tippler Pigeons with a harness and doorsal load
James A. Gessaman, Gar W. Workman, Mark R. Fuller
1991, The Condor (93) 546-554
We measured carbon dioxide production and water efflux of 12 tippler pigeons (Columba spp.) during seven experimental flights using the doubly labeled water (DLW) method. Prior to the experiment birds were randomly assigned to one of two groups. One group flew as controls (no load or harness) on all...
Effects of lead shot ingestion on selected cells of the mallard immune system
Tonie E. Rocke, M.D. Samuel
1991, Journal of Wildlife Diseases (27) 1-9
The immunologic effects of lead were measured in game-farm mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) that ingested lead shot while foraging naturally, mallards intubated with lead shot, and unexposed controls. Circulating white blood cells (WBC) declined significantly in male mallards exposed to lead by either natural ingestion or intubation, but not females. Spleen...
Capture myopathy in an endangered sandhill crane (Grus canadensis pulla)
J. W. Carpenter, Nancy Thomas, S. Reeves
1991, Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine (22) 488-493
Despite precautions to protect cranes, a 3-year-old endangered Mississippi sandhill crane (Grus canadensis pulla) was found caught in a leghold trap in Gautier, Mississippi, on 11 November 1987. The bird could have been in the trap for up to 16 hr and was standing and struggling to escape when it...
S-layer positive motile aeromonads isolated from channel catfish
L.A. Ford
1991, Journal of Wildlife Diseases (27) 557-561
Motile aeromonads are ubiquitous aquatic bacteria that can cause motile aeromonad septicemia (MAS), a disease which affects channel catfish and can produce significant economic loss. Motile aeromonads isolated from commercially-raised channel catfish were screened for production of S-layer protein in order to evaluate...
Whirling disease: Earliest susceptible age of rainbow trout to the triactinomyxid of Myxobolus cerebralis
Maria E. Markiw
1991, Aquaculture (92) 1-6
Various developmental stages of eyed eggs and newly hatched sac fry of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were exposed to several concentrations of laboratory produced spores of the triactinomyxon stage of Myxobolus cerebralis, the infective stage of salmonid whirling disease. Exposed eggs and sac fry and appropriate unexposed controls were examined microscopically...
The effects of ionic strength on un-ionized ammonia concentration
R. W. Soderberg, J. W. Meade
1991, Progressive Fish-Culturist (53) 118-120
Ionic strength affects the ionization of ammonia and the resulting un‐ionized ammonia (NH3) concentration. The error introduced by failure to account for this effect can be substantial in marine or brackish water. We present a simple method for correcting the calculation of the NH3 fraction in an ammonia solution for ionic...
Survival and growth of larval striped bass (Morone saxatilis) fed Artemia enriched with highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFA)
C. A. Lemm, D. P. Lemarie
1991, Aquaculture (99) 117-126
The nutritional value of Artemia nauplii from the Great Salt Lake was effectively improved for larval striped bass (Morone saxatilis) by incorporation of unsaturated fatty acids (20: 5n-3 and 22: 6n-3) into the nauplii by the direct method of enrichment. Survival at 24 days post-hatch increased from 23% to 64% when...
Mortality in tundra swans Cygnus columbianus
James C. Bartonek, J.R. Serie, K. A. Converse
1991, Wildfowl (42) 356-358
Our paper identifies and examines the significance of hunting and non-hunting mortality affecting the Eastern Population (EP) and Western Population (WP) (see Serie & Bartonek 1991a) of Tundra Swans. Sport hunting (Serie & Bartonek 1991b), native subsistence hunting (Copp 1989, Stewart & Bernier 1989), malicious shooting (McKelvey & MacNeill 1981),...
Genotypic and phenotypic variability of Zostera marina on the west coast of North America
T. W. H. Backman
1991, Canadian Journal of Botany (69) 1361-1371
The relation between environmental factors and leaf morphology of Zostera marina L. have long been unclear, primarily because the species is intrinsically variable. The common-garden method was used to determine the genetic, environmental, and interaction components of leaf size variation. Zostera marina consists of several ecotypes with a wide range of phenotypic plasticity. Variation...
Surgical removal of a tracheal foreign body from a whooping crane (Grus americana)
P.E. Howard, F. J. Dein, J.A. Langenberg, K.J. Frischmeyer, D. Brunson
1991, Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine (22) 359-363
The left wing of a whooping crane (Grus americana) was amputated for treatment of severe nonunion and malunion fractures of the radius and ulna. During the postoperative convalescent period, the bird aspirated a corn kernel and subsequently suffered episodic bouts of dyspnea. The bird was anesthetized with tiletamine-zolazepam. Attempts to...
