Detection of poly(ethylene glycol) residues from nonionic surfactants in surface water by1h and13c nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry
J.A. Leenheer, R.L. Wershaw, P.A. Brown, T.I. Noyes
1991, Environmental Science & Technology (25) 161-168
??? Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) residues were detected in organic solute isolates from surface water by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (NMR), 13C NMR spectrometry, and colorimetric assay. PEG residues were separated from natural organic solutes in Clear Creek, CO, by a combination of methylation and chromatographic procedures. The isolated PEG...
An intercomparison of hydrological network-design technologies
M. E. Moss, Gary D. Tasker
1991, Hydrological Sciences Journal (36) 209-221
Two network-design technologies are compared by random sub-sampling of actual streamflow data. The technologies, Network Analysis for Regional Information (NARI) and Network Analysis Using Generalized Least Squares (NAUGLS), have a common objective, viz. to maximize regional information within a limited budget and time horizon. The data used for intercomparison are...
A giant submarine slope failure on the northern insular slope of Puerto Rico
W. C. Schwab, W. W. Danforth, Kathryn M. Scanlon, D.G. Masson
1991, Marine Geology (96) 237-246
A large amphitheater-shaped scarp, approximately 55 km across, was imaged on the northern insular slope of Puerto Rico using long-range sidescan sonar and bathymetric data. This scarp results from the removal of more than 1500 km3 of Tertiary strata. A review of seismic-reflection profiles, stratigraphic data, and subsidence models of the...
Seasonal and geothermal production variations in concentrations of He and CO2 in soil gases, Roosevelt Hot Springs Known Geothermal Resource Area, Utah, U.S.A.
M. E. Hinkle
1991, Applied Geochemistry (6) 35-47
To increase understanding of natural variations in soil gas concentrations, CO2, He, O2 and N2 were measured in soil gases collected regularly for several months from four sites at the Roosevelt Hot Springs Known Geothermal Resource Area, Utah. Soil temperature, air temperature, per...
DUPAL anomaly in the Sea of Japan: Pb, Nd, and Sr isotopic variations at the eastern Eurasian continental margin
M. Tatsumoto, Y. Nakamura
1991, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (55) 3697-3708
Volcanic rocks from the eastern Eurasian plate margin (southwestern Japan, the Sea of Japan, and northeastern China) show enriched (EMI) component signatures. Volcanic rocks from the Ulreung and Dog Islands in the Sea of Japan show typical DUPAL anomaly characteristics with extremely high Δ208/204 Pb (up to 143) and enriched...
Fluid inclusion gas chemistry as a potential minerals exploration tool: Case studies from Creede, CO, Jerritt Canyon, NV, Coeur d'Alene district, ID and MT, southern Alaska mesothermal veins, and mid-continent MVT's
G. P. Landis, A. H. Hofstra
1991, Journal of Geochemical Exploration (42) 25-59
Recent advances in instrumentation now permit quantitative analysis of gas species from individual fluid inclusions. Fluid inclusion gas data can be applied to minerals exploration empirically to establish chemical (gas composition) signatures of the ore fluids, and conceptually through the development...
On plate tectonics and the geologic evolution of southwestern North America
P.L. Ward
1991, Journal of Geophysical Research (96) 12479-12496
Very rapid subduction of the Farallon plate under southwestern North America between 60 and 40 Ma was accompanied by a relatively low volume of magmatism throughout the southwestern United States and northern Mexico. Between 40 and 20 Ma, when subduction slowed significantly and in one...
Climatic significance of the ostracode fauna from the Pliocene Kap Kobenhavn Formation, north Greenland
E. M. Brouwers, N.O. Jorgensen, T. M. Cronin
1991, Micropaleontology (37) 245-267
The Kap Kobenhavn Formation crops out in Greenland at 80??N latitude and marks the most northerly onshore Pliocene locality known. The sands and silts that comprise the formation were deposited in marginal marine and shallow marine environments. An abundant and diverse vertebrate and invertebrate fauna and plant megafossil flora provide...
Analysis of glacier facies using satellite techniques
R.S. Williams Jr., D.K. Hall, C.S. Benson
1991, Journal of Glaciology (37) 120-128
The different snow and ice types on a glacier may be subdivided according to the glacier-facies concept. The surficial expression of some facies may be detected at the end of the balance year by the use of visible and near-infrared image data from the Landsat multispectral scanner...
Performance of the goulden large-sample extractor in multiclass pesticide isolation and preconcentration from stream water
G.D. Foster, W.T. Foreman, Paul M. Gates
1991, Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry (39) 1618-1622
The reliability of the Goulden large-sample extractor in preconcentrating pesticides from water was evaluated from the recoveries of 35 pesticides amended to filtered stream waters. Recoveries greater than 90% were observed for many of the pesticides in each major chemical class, but recoveries for some of the individual pesticides varied...
Offshore and onshore liquefaction at Moss Landing spit, central California, - result of the October 17, 1989, Loma Prieta earthquake
H. Gary Greene
1991, Geology (19) 945-949
As a result of the October 17, 1989, Loma Prieta (Santa Cruz Mountains, California) earthquake, liquefaction of the fluvial, estuarine, eolian, and beach sediments under a sand spit destroyed the Moss Landing Marine Laboratories and damaged other structures and utilities. Initial studies suggested...
Balloon and core sampling for determining bulk density of alluvial desert soil
Brian J. Andraski
1991, Soil Science Society of America Journal (55) 1188-1190
Samples were collected from major strata in the upper 5 m of an alluvial soil profile in the Amargosa Desert of southern Nevada to compare rubber-balloon and drive-core bulk-density measurement methods. For strate where the fine soil was <82% sand and <15% clay, differences between total and fine-soil bulk-density values...
Modern sedimentary environments in Boston Harbor, Massachusetts
H.J. Knebel, R.R. Rendigs, Michael H. Bothner
1991, Journal of Sedimentary Petrology (61) 791-804
Analyses of sidescan-sonar records supplemented by available bathymetric, sedimentary, subbottom, and bottom-current data reveal the distributions of the following three categories of sedimentary environments within the glaciated, topographically complex Boston Harbor estuary in Massachusetts. 1) Environments of erosion appear on the sonographs either as patterns with isolated strong reflections or...
Variation of organic sulfur in macerals of selected Illinois Basin coals
I. Demir, R.D. Harvey
1991, Organic Geochemistry (17) 525-533
An electron microbeam technique was used to determine the distribution of organic sulfur in the main macerals of five Illinois Basin coals. On average, sporinites are the highest, inertinites the lowest, and vitrinites intermediate in organic sulfur for each coal. The observed differences are likely due to varying affinities of...
Mineral remains of early life on Earth? On Mars?
E. Iberall-Robbins, A. S. Iberall
1991, Geomicrobiology Journal (9) 51-66
The oldest sedimentary rocks on Earth, the 3.8‐Ga Isua Iron‐Formation in southwestern Greenland, are metamorphosed past the point where organic‐walled fossils would remain. Acid residues and thin sections of these rocks reveal ferric microstructures that have filamentous, hollow rod, and spherical shapes not characteristic of crystalline minerals. Instead, they resemble...
Isotopic and chemical constraints on the petrogenesis of Blackburn Hills volcanic field, western Alaska
E. J. Moll-Stalcup, Joseph G. Arth
1991, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (55) 3753-3776
The Blackburn Hills volcanic field is one of several Late Cretaceous and early Tertiary (75–50 Ma) volcanic fields in western Alaska that comprise a vast magmatic province extending from the Arctic Circle to Bristol Bay. It consists of andesite flows, rhyolite domes, a central granodiorite to quartz monzonite pluton, and...
Use of longitudinal strain in identifying driving and resisting elements of landslides
R.L. Baum, R. W. Fleming
1991, Geological Society of America Bulletin (103) 1121-1152
Observations of deformation at the surfaces of landslides in Utah and Hawaii indicate that the upslope parts of the land-slides have stretched and the downslope parts have shortened parallel with the direction of movement. The maximum displacement of each landslide occurs in a...
Role of sediment-trace element chemistry in water-quality monitoring and the need for standard analytical methods
Arthur J. Horowitz
1991, Conference Paper, ASTM Special Technical Publication
Multiple linear regression models calculated from readily obtainable chemical and physical parameters can explain a high percentage (70% or greater) of observed sediment trace-element variance for Cu, Zn, Pb, Cr, Ni, Co, As, Sb, Se, and Hg. Almost all the factors used in the various models fall into the category...
A comparison of Sr-Nd-Pb isotopes in young and old continental lithospheric mantle: Patagonia and eastern China
R. E. Zartman, K. Futa, Z. C. Peng
1991, Australian Journal of Earth Sciences (38) 545-557
It is commonly accepted that beneath the continental crust lies a keel of lithospheric mantle, which extends 50–200 kilometres downward to a transition zone into the asthenosphere. The chemical and physical properties of this reservoir are best known through studies of the basalts and xenoliths that provide samples of the...
Oil-generating coals of the San Juan Basin, New Mexico and Colorado, U.S.A.
J.L. Clayton, D. D. Rice, G.E. Michael
1991, Organic Geochemistry (17) 735-742
Coal beds of the Upper Cretaceous Fruitland Formation in the San Juan Basin of northwestern New Mexico and southwestern Colorado have significant liquid hydrocarbon generation potential as indicated by typical Rock-Eval Hydrogen Indexes in the range of 200–400 mg hydrocarbon/g organic carbon (type II and III organic matter). Small, non-commercial...
40Ar/39Ar systematics and argon diffusion in amber: Implications for ancient earth atmospheres
G. P. Landis, L.W. Snee
1991, Global and Planetary Change (5) 63-67
Argon isotope data indicate retained argon in bulk amber (matrix gas) is radiogenic [40Ar/39Ar ≃32o] than the much more abundant surface absorbed argon [40Ar/39Ar ≃295.5]. Neutron-induced 39Ar is retained in amber during heating experiments to 150° -250°C, with no evidence of recoiled 39Ar found after irradiation. A maximum permissible volume diffusion coefficient...
U-series ages of solitary corals from the California coast by mass spectrometry
Martin Stein, G.J. Wasserburg, K. R. Lajoie, J.-H. Chen
1991, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (55) 3709-3722
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the feasibility of dating fossil solitary corals from Pleistocene marine strandlines outside tropical latitudes using the recently developed high sensitivity, high-precision U-series technique based on thermal-ionization mass-spectrometry (TIMS). The TIMS technique is much more efficient than conventional a spectrometry and, as a...
Jurassic normal and strike-slip faults at Crater Island, northwestern Utah
D. M. Miller, R.W. Allmendinger
1991, Geological Society of America Bulletin (103) 1239-1251
At Crater Island, northern Silver Island Mountains, northwestern Utah, an unbroken Tertiary fault block within the Basin and Range province exhibits Jurassic or older structures that are virtually unmodified by subsequent tectonism, providing an opportunity to examine the tectonics of the Jurassic back arc of the Cordillera. Widespread high-angle faults,...
Relation of sediment load and flood-plain formation to climatic variability, Paria River drainage basin, Utah and Arizona
J.B. Graf, R. H. Webb, R. Hereford
1991, Geological Society of America Bulletin (103) 1405-1415
Suspended-sediment load, flow volume, and flood characteristics of the Paria River were analyzed to determine their relation to climate and flood-plain alluviation between 1923 and 1986. Flood-plain alluviation began about 1940 at a time of decreasing magnitude and frequency of floods in winter, summer, and fall. No floods with stages...
New evidence on the hydrothermal system in Long Valley caldera, California, from wells, fluid sampling, electrical geophysics, and age determinations of hot-spring deposits
M.L. Sorey, G.A. Suemnicht, N.C. Sturchio, G.A. Nordquist
1991, Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research (48) 229-263
Data collected since 1985 from test drilling, fluid sampling, and geologic and geophysical investigations provide a clearer definition of the hydrothermal system in Long Valley caldera than was previously available. This information confirms the existence of high-temperature (> 200??C) reservoirs within the volcanic fill in parts of the west moat....
