Paleolimnology of Lake Tubutulik, an iron-meromictic Eocene Lake, eastern Seward Peninsula, Alaska
Kendall A. Dickinson
1988, Sedimentary Geology (54) 303-320
Sideritic lacustrine mudstone was found in drill core from a uranium deposit in the Death Valley area in the eastern part of the Seward Peninsula, Alaska. The precursor sediments for this rock were deposited in an unusual “iron-meromictic” Eocene lake, herein named Lake Tubutulik, which occupied part of the Boulder...
A proposed mechanism for the formation of spherical vivianite crystal aggregates in sediments
J.L. Zelibor Jr., F. E. Senftle, J.L. Reinhardt
1988, Sedimentary Geology (59) 125-142
Vivianite [Fe3(PO4)2·8H2O] is often found in the form of nodules composed of spherical aggregates of crystals. Crystallization of vivianite in agar gels of various concentrations yield crystal aggregates (nodules) that have spherical morphology and a bimodal size distribution. The aggregates were formed under both biotic and abiotic conditions. When special...
Seismic anisotropy in mylonites: An example from the Mannin Thrust Zone, southwest Connemara, Ireland
P.N. Chroston, M.D. Max
1988, Tectonophysics (148) 29-39
Mylonites associated with the Mannin Thrust zone of southwesternmost Connemara formed when the high-grade metamorphic rocks typical of most of the Connemara massif were thrust to the southeast over low metamorphic grade (low greenschist facies?) acid volcanics and volcaniclastic sediments, while being metamorphosed in the epidote-amphibolite facies. Triaxial and biaxial...
Lacustrine varve formation through time
R.Y. Anderson, W.E. Dean
1988, Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology (62) 215-235
Studies using sediment traps in lakes reveal that the seasonal flux of sediment regulates both the composition and timing of deposition of materials that reach the bottoms of lakes. If the bottom waters of a lake are partly or totally anoxic, the seasonally deposited materials are preserved as annual groupings...
Fossil diatoms and neogene paleolimnology
Bradbury J. Platt
1988, Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology (62) 299-316
Diatoms have played an important role in the development of Neogene continental biostratigraphy and paleolimnology since the mid-19th Century. The history of progress in Quaternary diatom biostratigraphy has developed as a result of improved coring techniques that enable sampling sediments beneath existing lakes coupled with improved chronological control (including radiometric...
An improved dark-object subtraction technique for atmospheric scattering correction of multispectral data
Pat S. Chavez Jr.
1988, Remote Sensing of Environment (24) 459-479
Digital analysis of remotely sensed data has become an important component of many earth-science studies. These data are often processed through a set of preprocessing or “clean-up” routines that includes a correction for atmospheric scattering, often called haze. Various methods to correct or remove the additive haze component have been...
Use of airborne imaging spectrometer data to map minerals associated with hydrothermally altered rocks in the northern Grapevine Mountains, Nevada, and California
F.A. Kruse
1988, Remote Sensing of Environment (24) 31-51
Three flightlines of Airborne Imaging Spectrometer (AIS) data, acquired over the northern Grapevine Mountains, Nevada, and California, were used to map minerals associated with hydrothermally altered rocks. The data were processed to remove vertical striping, normalized using an equal area normalization, and reduced to reflectance relative to an average spectrum...
Pin stripe lamination: A distinctive feature of modern and ancient eolian sediments
S.G. Fryberger, Christopher J. Schenk
1988, Sedimentary Geology (55) 1-15
Pin stripe laminations are a distinctive feature of modern and ancient eolian sediments. In sets of eolian ripple (or translatent) strata they represent deposition of silt and very fine sand in the troughs of the advancing wind ripples. In sets of avalanche strata they probably result from the downward settling...
Daily cycles in coastal dunes
R. E. Hunter, Bruce M. Richmond
1988, Sedimentary Geology (55) 43-67
Daily cycles of summer sea breezes produce distinctive cyclic foreset deposits in dune sands of the Texas and Oregon coasts. In both areas the winds are strong enough to transport sand only during part of the day, reach a peak during the afternoon, and vary little in direction during the...
Early diagenesis of eolian dune and interdune sands at White Sands, New Mexico
Christopher J. Schenk, S.G. Fryberger
1988, Sedimentary Geology (55) 109-120
The degree of early diagenesis in eolian dune and interdune sands at White Sands, New Mexico, is largely a function of the relationship between sand location and the water table. Most active and vegetation-stabilized dune sands are in the vadose zone, whereas interdune sands are in the capillary fringe and...
Refined Proterozoic evolution of the Gawler Craton, South Australia, through U-Pb zircon geochronology
C.M. Fanning, R.B. Flint, A.J. Parker, K.R. Ludwig, A.H. Blissett
1988, Precambrian Research (40-41) 363-386
Through the application of both conventional U-Pb zircon analyses and small-sample U-Pb isotopic analyses, the nature and timing of tectonic events leading to the formation of the Gawler Craton have been defined more precisely. Constraints on deposition of Early Proterozoic iron formation-bearing sediments have been narrowed down to the period...
Precambrian ophiolites of Arabia: Geologic settings, U Pb geochronology, Pb-isotope characteristics, and implications for continental accretion
J.S. Pallister, J. S. Stacey, L. B. Fischer, W. R. Premo
1988, Precambrian Research (38) 1-54
Disrupted ophiolites occur in linear belts up to 900 km long between microplates that collided during the late Proterozoic to form the Arabian Shield. UPb zircon ages and Pb-isotope data from these ophiolitic rocks help constrain the history of accretion of the Arabian Shield and thereby contribute to the definition...
Biological measurements and related chemical features in Soviet and United States regions of the Bering Sea
T.E. Whitledge, R.R. Bidigare, Stephan O. Zeeman, R. N. Sambrotto, Pasquale F. Roscigno, Paul R. Jensen, James M. Brooks, Charles Trees, Denise M. Veldt
1988, Continental Shelf Research (8) 1299-1319
The U.S. results of a joint U.S.-U.S.S.R. expedition to the Bering Sea in 1984 investigated the chemical and biological interactions in the south, east, north and west regions. The nutrients, phytoplankton biomass and primary productivity were enhanced near the ends of a north-south transect of stations. The southern end of...
Lognormal kriging for the assessment of reliability in groundwater quality control observation networks
L. Candela, Ricardo A. Olea, E. Custodio
1988, Journal of Hydrology (103) 67-84
Groundwater quality observation networks are examples of discontinuous sampling on variables presenting spatial continuity and highly skewed frequency distributions. Anywhere in the aquifer, lognormal kriging provides estimates of the variable being sampled and a standard error of the estimate. The average and the maximum standard error within the network can...
Pumping tests in nonuniform aquifers - The radially symmetric case
J.J. Butler Jr.
1988, Journal of Hydrology (101) 15-30
Traditionally, pumping-test-analysis methodology has been limited to applications involving aquifers whose properties are assumed uniform in space. This work attempts to assess the applicability of analytical methodology to a broader class of units with spatially varying properties. An examination of flow behavior in a simple configuration consisting of pumping from...
Experimental studies in stream-aquifer interaction along the Arkansas River in Central Kansas - Field testing and analysis
M. Sophocleous, M.A. Townsend, L.D. Vogler, T.J. McClain, E.T. Marks, G.R. Coble
1988, Journal of Hydrology (98) 249-273
During the last several years, streamflows of a number of Kansas streams have been reduced as a result of groundwater declines. In order to better understand and quantify stream-aquifer interrelationships, an eight-day comprehensive stream-aquifer pumping test, followed by recovery monitoring, was conducted along the Arkansas River near Great Bend, Kansas....
A multiple-objective optimal exploration strategy
G. Christakos, Ricardo A. Olea
1988, Mathematical and Computer Modelling (11) 413-418
Exploration for natural resources is accomplished through partial sampling of extensive domains. Such imperfect knowledge is subject to sampling error. Complex systems of equations resulting from modelling based on the theory of correlated random fields are reduced to simple analytical expressions providing global indices of estimation variance. The indices are...
A simple approach to nonlinear estimation of physical systems
G. Christakos
1988, Mathematical and Computer Modelling (11) 583-588
Recursive algorithms for estimating the states of nonlinear physical systems are developed. This requires some key hypotheses regarding the structure of the underlying processes. Members of this class of random processes have several desirable properties for the nonlinear estimation of random signals. An assumption is made about the form of...
Post-eruption changes in channel geometry of streams in the Toutle River drainage basin, 1983-85, Mount St. Helens, Washington
D. F. Meyer, J.E. Dodge
1988, Open-File Report 87-549
The May 18, 1980, eruption of Mount St. Helens generated a debris avalanche, lateral blast, lahars and tephra deposits that altered mainstream and tributary channels within the Toutle River drainage basin. Channel cross sections were monumented and surveyed on the North Fork Toutle River and its tributaries, South Fork Toutle...
Nowitna National Wildlife Refuge land cover mapping project user's guide
Carl J. Markon
1988, Report
Title III of the Alaska National Interest Lands Conservation Act of 1980 (ANILCA 1980) established the Nowitna National Wildlife Refuge (NNWR). Section 304 of the Act requires the Secretary of Interior to "prepare, and from time to time revise, a comprehensive conservation plan" for the refuge. ...
Glaciers of Antarctica
Charles Swithinbank, Trevor J. Chinn, Richard S. Williams Jr., Jane G. Ferrigno
Richard S. Williams Jr., Jane G. Ferrigno, editor(s)
1988, Professional Paper 1386-B
Of all the world's continents Antarctica is the coldest, the highest, and the least known. It is one and a half times the size of the United States, and on it lies 91 percent (30,109,800 km3) of the estimated volume of all the ice on Earth. Because so little is...
Analysis of alternative modifications for reducing backwater at the Interstate Highway 10 crossing of the Pearl River near Slidell, Louisiana
Gregg J. Wiche, J. J. Gilbert, David C. Froehlich, Jonathan K. Lee
1988, Water Supply Paper 2267
In April 1979 and April 1980, major flooding along the lower Pearl River caused extensive damage to homes located on the flood plain in the Slidell, Louisiana, area. In response to questions about causes of these floods and means of mitigating future floods, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with...
National water summary 1986: Hydrologic events and ground-water quality
United States Geological Survey
1988, Water Supply Paper 2325
Ground water is one of the most important natural resources of the United States and degradation of its quality could have a major effect on the welfare of the Nation. Currently (1985), ground water is the source of drinking water for 53 percent of the Nation's population and for more...
Flood-frequency relations for urban streams in Georgia
Ernest J. Inman
1988, Water-Resources Investigations Report 88-4085
No abstract available. ...
Essential elements and soil amendments for plants; sources and use for agriculture
R. C. Severson, Hansford T. Shacklette
1988, Circular 1017
