The structure and volume of large geysers in Yellowstone National Park, USA and the mineralogy and chemistry of their silica sinter deposits
Dakota Churchill, Michael Manga, Shaul Hurwitz, Sara Peek, David Damby, Richard Conrey, John R. Wood, R. Blaine McCleskey, William E. Keller, Behnaz Hosseini, Jefferson D.G. Hungerford
2021, Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research (419)
Siliceous sinter is formed by biogenic and abiogenic opal deposition around hot springs and geysers. Using Structure-from-Motion photogrammetry we generated three-dimensional models of Giant and Castle Geysers from the Upper Geyser Basin of Yellowstone National Park. We use these models to calculate...
Improvements to the Third Uniform California Earthquake Rupture Forecast ETAS Model (UCERF3‐ETAS)
Edward H. Field, Kevin R. Milner, Morgan T. Page, William H. Savran, Nicholas van der Elst
2021, The Seismic Record (1) 117-125
We describe recent improvements to the Third Uniform California Earthquake Rupture Forecast ETAS Model (UCERF3‐ETAS), which continues to represent our most advanced and complete earthquake forecast in terms of relaxing segmentation assumptions and representing multifault ruptures, elastic‐rebound effects, and spatiotemporal clustering (the latter to...
Estimating and forecasting time-varying groundwater recharge in fractured rock: A state-space formulation with preferential and diffuse flow to the water table
Allen M. Shapiro, Frederick Day-Lewis
2021, Water Resources Research (57)
Rapid infiltration following precipitation may result in groundwater contamination from surface contaminants or pathogens. In fractured rock, contaminants can migrate rapidly to points of groundwater withdrawals. In contrast to the temporal availability of groundwater quality chemical indicators, meteorological and groundwater level observations are available in real-time to estimate time-varying recharge,...
Global drivers of avian haemosporidian infections vary across zoogeographical regions
Alan Fecchio, Nicholas J. Clark, Jeffrey A Bell, Heather Skeen, Holly L Lutz, Gabriel M De La Torre, Jefferson A Vaughan, Vasyl V. Tkach, Fabio Schunck, Francisco C Ferreira, Erika M Braga, Camile Lugarini, Wanyoike Wamiti, Janice H Dispoto, Spencer C Galen, Karin Kirchgatter, M. Cecilia Sagario, Victor R Cueto, Daniel Gonzalez-Acuna, Mizue Inumaru, Yukita Sato, Yvonne R. Schumm, Petra Quillfeldt, Irene Pellegrino, Guha Dharmarajan, Pooja Gupta, V. V. Robin, Arif Ciloglu, Alparslan Yildirim, Xi Huang, Leonardo Chapa-Vargas, Paulina Alvarez-Mendizabal, Diego Santiago-Alarcon, Serguei Vyacheslavovich Drovetski, Olof Hellgren, Gary Voelker, Robert E Ricklefs, Shannon Hackett, Michael D Collins, Jason D Weckstein, Konstans Wells
Pauline Kamath, editor(s)
2021, Global Ecology and Biogeography (30) 2393-2406
Aim: Macroecological analyses provide valuable insights into factors that influence how parasites are distributed across space and among hosts. Amid large uncertainties that arise when generalizing from local and regional findings, hierarchical approaches applied to global datasets are required to determine whether drivers of parasite infection patterns vary across scales....
Thermal stability of an adaptable, invasive ectotherm: Argentine giant tegus in the Greater Everglades ecosystem, USA
Andrea Faye Currylow, Michelle Collier, Emma B. Hanslowe, Bryan G. Falk, Brian S. Cade, Sarah E. Moy, Alejandro Grajal-Puche, Frank N. Ridgley, Robert Reed, Amy A. Yackel Adams
2021, Ecosphere (12) 1-18
Invasive species globally threaten biodiversity and economies, but the ecophysiological mechanisms underlying their success are often understudied. For those alien species that also exhibit high phenotypic plasticity, such as habitat generalists, adaptations in response to environmental pressures can take place relatively quickly. The Argentine giant tegu...
Hotspot dune erosion on an intermediate beach
Nicholas Cohn, Katherine Brodie, Bradley Johnson, Margaret L. Palmsten
2021, Coastal Engineering (170)
A large, low pressure Nor’easter storm and Hurricane Joaquin contributed to multiple weeks of sustained, elevated wave and water level conditions along the southeastern Atlantic coast of the United States in Fall 2015. Sea level anomalies in excess of 1 m and...
Detrital signals of coastal erosion and fluvial sediment supply during glacio-eustatic sea-level rise, Southern California, USA
Glenn R. Sharman, Jacob A Covault, Daniel F. Stockli, Zack Sickmann, Matthew A. Malkowski, Samuel Johnstone
2021, Geology (49) 1501-1505
Coastal erosion, including sea-cliff retreat, represents both an important component of some sediment budgets and a significant threat to coastal communities in the face of rising sea level. Despite the importance of predicting future rates of coastal erosion, few prehistoric constraints exist on the relative...
Advancing cave detection using terrain analysis and thermal imagery
J. Judson Wynne, Jeff Jenness, Derek Sonderegger, Timothy N. Titus, Murzy D. Jhabvala, Nathalie A. Cabrol
2021, Remote Sensing (13)
Since the initial experiments nearly 50 years ago, techniques for detecting caves using airborne and spacecraft acquired thermal imagery have improved markedly. These advances are largely due to a combination of higher instrument sensitivity, modern computing systems, and processor-intensive analytical techniques. Through applying these advancements, our goals...
Digital elevation models: Terminology and definitions
Peter L. Guth, Adriaan Van Niekerk, Carlos H. Grohmann, Jan-Peter Muller, Laurence Hawker, Igor V. Florinsky, Dean B. Gesch, Hannes I. Reuter, Virginia Herrera-Cruz, Serge Riazanoff, Carlos Lopez-Vazquez, Claudia C. Carabajal, Clement Albinet, Peter Strobl
2021, Remote Sensing (13)
Digital elevation models (DEMs) provide fundamental depictions of the three-dimensional shape of the Earth’s surface and are useful to a wide range of disciplines. Ideally, DEMs record the interface between the atmosphere and the lithosphere using a discrete two-dimensional grid, with complexities introduced by the intervening hydrosphere,...
Mapping critical minerals from the sky
Anjana K. Shah, Robert Morrow, Michael Pace, M.Scott Harris, William Doar
2021, GSA Today (31)
Critical mineral resources titanium, zirconium, and rare earth elements occur in placer deposits over vast parts of the U.S. Atlantic Coastal Plain. Key questions regarding provenance, pathways of minerals to deposit sites, and relations to geologic features remain unexplained. As part of a national effort to collect data over regions...
The application of metacommunity theory to the management of riverine ecosystems
Christopher J. Patrick, Kurt E. Anderson, Brown L. Brown, Charles P. Hawkins, Anya N. Metcalfe, Parsa Saffarinia, Tadeu Siqueira, Christopher M. Swan, Jonathan D. Tonkin, Lester L. Yuan
2021, WIREs Water (8)
River managers strive to use the best available science to sustain biodiversity and ecosystem function. To achieve this goal requires consideration of processes at different scales. Metacommunity theory describes how multiple species from different communities potentially interact with local-scale environmental drivers to influence population dynamics and community structure. However, this...
Streamflow—Water year 2020
Xiaodong Jian, David M. Wolock, Harry F. Lins, Ronald J. Henderson, Steven J. Brady
2021, Fact Sheet 2021-3046
The maps and graphs in this summary describe national streamflow conditions for water year 2020 (October 1, 2019, to September 30, 2020) in the context of streamflow ranks relative to the 91-year period of water years 1930–2020. Annual runoff in the Nation’s rivers and streams during water year 2020 (11.10...
A machine learning approach to modeling streamflow with sparse data in ungaged watersheds on the Wyoming Range, Wyoming, 2012–17
Ryan R. McShane, Cheryl A. Eddy-Miller
2021, Scientific Investigations Report 2021-5093
Scant availability of streamflow data can impede the utility of streamflow as a variable in ecological models of aquatic and terrestrial species, especially when studying small streams in watersheds that lack streamgages. Streamflow data at fine resolution and broad extent were needed by collaborators for ecological research on small streams...
Rigorously valuing the coastal hazard risks reduction provided by potential coral reef restoration in Florida and Puerto Rico
Curt D. Storlazzi, Borja G. Reguero, Kristen A. Cumming, Aaron Cole, James B. Shope, Camila Gaido L., T. Shay Viehman, Barry A. Nickel, Michael W. Beck
2021, Open-File Report 2021-1054
The restoration of coastal habitats, particularly coral reefs, can reduce risks by decreasing the exposure of coastal communities to flooding hazards. In the United States, the protective services provided by coral reefs were recently assessed in social and economic terms, with the annual protection provided by U.S. coral reefs off...
Rigorously valuing the impact of projected coral reef degradation on coastal hazard risk in Florida
Curt D. Storlazzi, Borja G. Reguero, Kimberly K. Yates, Kristen A. Cumming, Aaron Cole, James B. Shope, Camila Gaido L., David G. Zawada, Stephanie R. Arsenault, Zachery W. Fehr, Barry A. Nickel, Michael W. Beck
2021, Open-File Report 2021-1055
The degradation of coastal habitats, particularly coral reefs, raises risks by increasing the exposure of coastal communities to flooding hazards. In the United States, the physical protective services provided by coral reefs were recently assessed, in social and economic terms, with the annual protection provided by U.S. coral reefs off...
Rigorously valuing the impact of Hurricanes Irma and Maria on coastal hazard risks in Florida and Puerto Rico
Curt D. Storlazzi, Borja G. Reguero, T. Shay Viehman, Kristen A. Cumming, Aaron Cole, James B. Shope, Sarah H. Groves, Camila Gaido L., Barry A. Nickel, Michael W. Beck
2021, Open-File Report 2021-1056
The degradation of coastal habitats, particularly coral reefs, raises risks by increasing the exposure of coastal communities to flooding hazards. In the United States, the physical protective services provided by coral reefs were recently assessed in social and economic terms, with the annual protection provided by U.S. coral reefs off...
Intraspecific variation mediates density dependence in a genetically diverse plant species
Andrii Zaiats, Matthew J. Germino, Marcelo D. Serpe, Bryce Richardson, Trevor Caughlin
2021, Ecology (102)
Interactions between neighboring plants are critical for biodiversity maintenance in plant populations and communities. Intraspecific trait variation and genome duplication are common in plant species and can drive eco-evolutionary dynamics through genotype-mediated plant–plant interactions. However, few studies have examined how species-wide intraspecific variation may alter interactions between neighboring plants. We...
Pedigree accumulation analysis: Combining methods from community ecology and population genetics for breeding adult estimation
Nicholas Sard, Robert D. Hunter, Edward F. Roseman, Daniel B. Hayes, Robin L . DeBruyne, Kim T Scribner
2021, Methods in Ecology and Evolution (12) 2388-2396
Estimates of the number of successfully breeding adults (NS) in a population can predict levels of recruitment. However, assessments of NS are often difficult to obtain because encounters with adults are limited due to life-history characteristics, low abundance or other constraints associated with access to critical habitats. Alternatively, efforts to sample...
Geologic framework of Mount Diablo, California
Russell Graymer, Victoria Langenheim
2021, Book chapter, Regional geology of Mount Diablo, California: Its tectonic evolution on the North America plate boundary
The basic stratigraphic and structural framework of Mount Diablo is described using a revised geologic map, gravity data, and aeromagnetic data. The mountain is made up of two distinct stratigraphic assemblages representing different depocenters that were juxtaposed by ~20 km of late Pliocene and Quaternary right-lateral offset on the Greenville-Diablo-Concord...
Integrating socioecological suitability with human-wildlife conflict risk: Case study for translocation of a large ungulate
Nicholas P. McCann, Eric M. Walberg, James D. Forester, Michael W. Schrage, David C. Fulton, Mark A. Ditmer
2021, Journal of Applied Ecology (58) 2810-2820
Translocations are essential for re-establishing wildlife populations. As they sometimes fail, it is critical to assess factors that influence their success pre-translocation.Socioecological suitability models (SESMs) integrate social acceptance and ecological suitability to enable identification of areas where wildlife populations will expand, which makes it likely that SESMs will also...
Improved scaling relationships for seismic moment and average slip of strike-slip earthquakes incorporating fault slip rate, fault width and stress drop
John G. Anderson, Glenn Biasi, Stephen J. Angster, Stephen G. Wesnousky
2021, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (111) 2379-2392
We develop a self‐consistent scaling model relating magnitude Mw to surface rupture length (LE), surface displacement DE, and rupture width WE, for strike‐slip faults. Knowledge of the long‐term fault‐slip rate SF improves magnitude estimates. Data are collected for 55 ground‐rupturing strike‐slip earthquakes that have geological estimates...
Geologic map of Olympus Mons caldera, Mars
Peter J. Mouginis-Mark
2021, Scientific Investigations Map 3470
The Mars volcano, Olympus Mons, is probably the best known extraterrestrial volcano. The summit forms a nested caldera with six overlapping collapse pits that collectively measure ~65 x ~80 kilometers (km). Numerous wrinkle ridges and graben occur on the caldera floor, and topographic data indicate >1.2 km of elevation change...
A protocol for modelling generalised biological responses using latent variables in structural equation models
James B. Grace, Magdalena Steiner
Gbenga Akomolafe, editor(s)
2021, One Ecosystem (6)
In this paper we consider the problem of how to quantitatively characterize the degree to which a study object exhibits a generalized response. By generalized response, we mean a multivariate response where numerous individual properties change in concerted fashion due to some internal integration. In latent variable structural equation modeling...
Instrumental variable methods in structural equation models
James Grace
Michael Morrissey, editor(s)
2021, Methods in Ecology and Evolution (12) 1148-1157
Instrumental variable regression (RegIV) provides a means for detecting and correcting parameter bias in causal models. Widely used in economics, recently several papers have highlighted its potential utility for ecological applications. Little attention has thus far been paid to the fact that IV methods can also be implemented within...
Annual-cycle movements and phenology of black scoters in eastern North America
Juliet S. Lamb, Scott G. Gilliland, Jean-Pierre L. Savard, Pamela H. Loring, Scott R. McWilliams, Glenn H. Olsen, Jason E. Osenkowski, Peter W. C. Paton, Matthew Perry, Timothy D. Bowman
2021, Journal of Wildlife Management (85) 1628-1645
Sea ducks exhibit complex movement patterns throughout their annual cycle; most species use distinct molting and staging sites during migration and disjunct breeding and wintering sites. Although research on black scoters (Melanitta americana) has investigated movements and habitat selection during winter, little is known about their annual-cycle movements. We used...
