Irrigation drainage: Green River basin, Utah
Doyle W. Stephens, Bruce Waddell, Jerry B. Miller
1988, Conference Paper
A reconnaissance of wildlife areas in the middle Green River basin of Utah during 1986-87 determined that concentrations of selenium in water and biological tissues were potentially harmful to wildlife at the Stewart Lake Waterfowl Management Area and in the Ouray National Wildlife Refuge. Concentations of selenium in irrigation drainage...
The metal oxide fraction of pelagic sediment in the equatorial North Pacific Ocean: A source of metals in ferromanganese nodules
D.Z. Piper
1988, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (52) 2127-2145
Pelagic sediment recovered at DOMES Site A in the equatorial North Pacific (151°W, 9° 15′N) consists of a surface homogeneous layer, approximately 10 cm thick, overlying a strongly mottled layer that is lighter in color. The radiolarian composition of both units is Quaternary. In areas where this sediment was only...
Permeability of rock samples from Cajon Pass, California
C. Morrow, J. Byerlee
1988, Geophysical Research Letters (15) 1033-1036
Hydrologic rock properties are important to the debate about the state of stress and heat flow regime of the San Andreas fault. In particular, these properties are pertinent to whether frictional heat generated by high shear stresses can be convected away by circulating ground water,...
Mineral and whole-rock compositions of seawater-dominated hydrothermal alteration at the Arctic volcanogenic massive sulfide prospect, Alaska
J.M. Schmidt
1988, Economic Geology (83) 822-842
The Arctic volcanogenic massive sulfide prospect, located in the Ambler mineral district of northwestern Alaska, includes three types of hydrothermally altered rocks overlying, underlying, and interlayered with semimassive sulfide mineralization. Hydrothermal alteration of wall rocks and deposition of sulfide and gangue minerals were contemporaneous with Late Devonian or Early Mississippian...
Cycle of earthquake-induced aggradation and related tidal channel shifting, upper Turnagain Arm, Alaska, USA.
S. Bartsch-Winkler
1988, Sedimentology (35) 621-628
Aggradation of intertidal sediment in upper Turnagain Arm, a macrotidal estuary located in southern Alaska near Anchorage, began because of subsidence caused by sediment consolidation and tectonic lowering of the land during the earthquake of March 27, 1964. At the head of the Arm, decrease in percent sand of surface...
Detection of tannins in modern and fossil barks and in plant residues by high-resolution solid-state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance
M. A. Wilson, Patrick G. Hatcher
1988, Organic Geochemistry (12) 539-546
Bark samples isolated from brown coal deposits in Victoria, Australia, and buried wood from Rhizophora mangle have been studies by high-resolution solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques. Dipolar dephasing 13C NMR appears to be a useful method of detecting the presence of tannins in geochemical samples including barks, buried woods, peats and leaf...
Infiltration through layered-soil trench covers: Response to an extended period of rainfall
T.H. Larson, D.A. Keefer, K.A. Albrecht, K. Cartwright
1988, Journal of Contaminant Hydrology (3) 251-261
Four experimental waste disposal trench covers were constructed to test the effectiveness of layered-soil cover designs in reducing infiltration. Three covers each consisted of a layer of gravel between an overlying wick layer of compacted fine-grained material (either silt or loam)...
Origin of metaluminous and alkaline volcanic rocks of the Latir volcanic field, northern Rio Grande rift, New Mexico
C.M. Johnson, P. W. Lipman
1988, Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology (100) 107-128
Volcanic rocks of the Latir volcanic field evolved in an open system by crystal fractionation, magma mixing, and crustal assimilation. Early high-SiO2 rhyolites (28.5 Ma) fractionated from intermediate compositionmagmas that did not reach the surface. Most precaldera lavas have intermediate-compositions, from olivine basaltic-andesite (53% SiO2) to quartz latite (67% SiO2)....
A climatic-limnologic model of diatom succession for paleolimnological interpretation of varved sediments at Elk Lake, Minnesota
Bradbury J. Platt
1988, Journal of Paleolimnology (1) 115-131
Sediment traps placed in the profundal region of Elk Lake, north central Minnesota during the 1979 spring and 1983-84 fall and spring seasons monitored seasonal diatom production for two climatically distinctive periods. The spring of 1979 was one of the coldest and wettest on record. Ice out at Elk Lake...
Coastal erosion: Processes, timing and magnitudes at the bluff toe
C.H. Carter, D.E. Guy Jr.
1988, Marine Geology (84) 1-17
Five Lake Erie bluffs (one interlaminated clay and silt, three clay-rich diamicts and one shale) were surveyed at about 2-week intervals and after wind storms for up to 5 years. Erosion of the bluff toes along this low-energy coast occurred during...
Elastic-wave propagation and site amplification in the Salt Lake Valley, Utah, from simulated normal faulting earthquakes
H.M. Benz, R. B. Smith
1988, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (78) 1851-1874
The two-dimensional seismic response of the Salt Lake valley to near- and far-field earthquakes has been investigated from simulations of vertically incident plane waves and from normal-faulting earthquakes generated on the basin-bounding Wasatch fault. The response to normal faulting earthquakes was simulated using a two-dimensional finite-element method and the plane-wave...
The San Ardo, California, earthquake of 24 November 1985
C.M. Poley
1988, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (78) 1360-1366
No abstract available....
Aftershock patterns and main shock faulting
C. Mendoza, S.H. Hartzell
1988, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (78) 1438-1449
We have compared aftershock patterns following several moderate to large earthquakes with the corresponding distributions of coseismic slip obtained from previous analyses of the recorded strong ground motion and teleseismic waveforms. Well-located aftershock hypocenters are projected onto the main shock fault plane, and their positions are examined relative to the...
Facies composition calculated from the sonic, neutron, and density log suite, upper part of the Minnelusa Formation, Powder River basin, Wyoming
J. W. Schmoker, Christopher J. Schenk
1988, Mountain Geologist (25) 103-112
Sandstones and dolomites of the Permian upper part of the Minnelusa Formation are treated here as four-component systems consisting of fluid-filled pore space, quartz, dolomite, and anhydrite. Response equations of sonic, neutron, and density logs form a system of four simultaneous equations. With four equations and four unknowns, the composition...
Estimation of descriptive statistics for multiply censored water quality data
Dennis R. Helsel, Timothy A. Cohn
1988, Water Resources Research (24) 1997-2004
This paper extends the work of Gilliom and Helsel (1986) on procedures for estimating descriptive statistics of water quality data that contain “less than” observations. Previously, procedures were evaluated when only one detection limit was present. Here we investigate the performance of estimators for data that have multiple detection limits....
Origin of ultramafic xenoliths containing exsolved pyroxenes from Hualalai Volcano, Hawaii
Wendy A. Bohrson, David Clague
1988, Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology (100) 139-155
Hualalai Volcano, Hawaii, is best known for the abundant and varied xenoliths included in the historic 1800 Kaupulehu alkalic basalt flow. Xenoliths, which range in composition from dunite to anorthosite, are concentrated at 915-m elevation in the flow. Rare cumulate ultramafic xenoliths, which include websterite, olivine...
Experiments with microcomputer-based artificial intelligence environments
E.G. Summers, R.A. MacDonald
1988, Mathematical Geology (20) 1037-1047
The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has been experimenting with the use of relatively inexpensive microcomputers as artificial intelligence (AI) development environments. Several AI languages are available that perform fairly well on desk-top personal computers, as are low-to-medium cost expert system packages. Although performance of these systems is respectable, their speed...
Analysis of geophysical well logs obtained in the State 2-14 borehole, Salton Sea geothermal area, California
Frederick L. Paillet, R. H. Morin
1988, Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth (93) 12981-12994
A complete suite of conventional geophysical well logs was obtained in the upper part of a 3220-m- deep borehole drilled into geothermally altered alluvial sediments on the southeastern edge of the Salton Sea. In situ temperatures greater than 300°C and an inability to cool parts of the borehole by circulation...
Geologic characterization of seismic sources: Moving into the 1990s
David P. Schwartz
1988, Conference Paper, Geotechnical Special Publication
The objective of this paper is to discuss leading-edge directions in paleoseismology and seismic geology, particularly as they relate to characterizing seismic sources. The paper builds on earlier articles that discuss some of these trends (Schwartz and Coppersmith, 1986; Schwartz, 1987). There are several areas that appear to be especially...
The aqueous geochemistry of uranium in a drainage containing uraniferous organic-rich sediments, Lake Tahoe area, Nevada, USA
R. A. Zielinski, J. K. Otton, R. B. Wanty, C. T. Pierson
1988, Uranium (4) 281-305
Anomalously uraniferous waters occur in a small (4.2 km2) drainage in the west-central Carson Range, Nevada, on the eastern side of Lake Tahoe. The waters transport uranium from local U-rich soils and bedrock to organic-rich valley-fill sediments where it is concentrated, but weakly bound. The dissolved U and the U...
Large quaternary landslides in the central appalachian valley and ridge province near Petersburg, West Virginia
C. Scott Southworth
1988, Geomorphology (1) 317-329
Geological mapping and photointerpretation of side-looking airborne radar images and color-infrared aerial photographs reveal two large Quaternary landslides in the Valley and Ridge province of the central Appalachians near Petersburg, W. Va. The Elkhorn Mountain rock avalanche occurs on the thrust-faulted...
Power formula for open-channel flow resistance
Cheng-lung Chen
1988, Conference Paper
This paper evaluates various power formulas for flow resistance in open channels. Unlike the logarithmic resistance equation that can be theoretically derived either from Prandtl's mixing-length hypothesis or von Karman's similarity hypothesis, the power formula has long had an appearance of empiricism. Nevertheless, the simplicity in the form of the...
Summary of floods and droughts in the United States
Marshall E. Jennings, Richard W. Paulson
1988, Conference Paper
This paper describes a current national analysis of streamflow data being conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey to identify and map, in a consistent State-by-State format, the frequency and areal distribution of major floods and droughts in the United States. The work is being performed as the latest in a...
Precursory seismic quiescence: A preliminary assessment of the hypothesis
P.A. Reasenberg, M.V. Matthews
1988, Pure and Applied Geophysics PAGEOPH (126) 373-406
Numerous cases of precursory seismic quiescence have been reported in recent years. Some investigators have interpreted these observations as evidence that seismic quiescence is a somewhat reliable precursor to moderate or large earthquakes. However, because failures of the pattern to predict earthquakes may not, in general, be reported, and because...
An Angus/Argo study of the neovolcanic zone along the East Pacific rise from the Clipperton fracture zone to 12°N
E. Uchupi, W. C. Schwab, Richard D. Ballard, J.L. Cheminee, Jean Francheteau, R. Hekinian, D.K. Blackman, Haraldur Sigurdsson
1988, Geo-Marine Letters (8) 131-138
Still photographs and video images collected along the Neovolcanic Zone of the East Pacific Rise from 10°15′N to 11°53′N show that recent volcanic sheet flows, possibly less than 100 years old, are superimposed on an older sediment-laden pillow terrane. This recent activity is restricted to a narrow zone that crosses...
