Ecology, behavior, and conservation of the Maui parrotbill
Stephen Mountainspring
1987, Condor (89) 24-39
The distribution, habitat response, sexual dimorphism, foraging, breeding, and flocking behavior of Maui Parrotbills (Pseudonestor xanthophrys ) were studied over a five year period. The species' present range is confined to montane rainforest on eastern Maui, but dry lowland habitats on Maui and Molokai were occupied before Polynesian contact. Birds...
Primary molt of California condors
N.F.R. Snyder, E.V. Johnson, D.A. Clendenen
1987, Condor (89) 468-485
Primary molt of the California Condor (Gymnogyps californianus) was studied intensively from 1982 through 1985, using repeated flight photographs of the remaining individuals in the wild population as a basis for most analyses. On the average, wild condors replaced 4.4 of the 8 emarginated primaries on each wing each year....
Relationship of deer and moose populations to previous winters' snow
L.D. Mech, R.E. McRoberts, R. O. Peterson, R.E. Page
1987, Journal of Animal Ecology (56) 615-627
(1) Linear regression was used to relate snow accumulation during single and consecutive winters with white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) fawn:doe ratios, moose (Alces alces) twinning rates and calf:cow ratios, and annual changes in deer and moose populations. Significant relationships were found between snow accumulation during individual winters and these dependent...
A prospective field evaluation of an enzyme immunoassay: Detection of eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus antigen in pools of Culiseta melanura
T.W. Scott, J.G. Olson, T.E. Lewis, J. W. Carpenter, L.H. Lorenz, L.A. Lembeck, S.R. Joseph, B.B. Pagac
1987, Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association (3) 412-417
A prospective field study was conducted to determine the sensitivity and specificity of an enzyme immunoassay (EIA) compared to virus isolation in cell culture for the detection of eastern equine encephalomyelitis (EEE) virus in naturally infected mosquitoes. A total of 10,811 adult female Culiseta melanura were collected in light traps...
Premature reproductive activity in wild wolves
L.D. Mech, U.S. Seal
1987, Journal of Mammalogy (68) 871-873
No abstract available. ...
Cave gate designs for use in protecting endangered bats
Donald H. White, J.T. Seginak
1987, Wildlife Society Bulletin (15) 445-449
The use of analysis of variance procedures in biological studies
B. Kenneth Williams
1987, Applied Stochastic Models and Data Analysis (3) 207-226
The analysis of variance (ANOVA) is widely used in biological studies, yet there remains considerable confusion among researchers about the interpretation of hypotheses being tested. Ambiguities arise when statistical designs are unbalanced, and in particular when not all combinations of design factors are represented in the data. This paper clarifies...
Biogeochemical cycling of selenium in the San Joaquin Valley, California, USA
T. S. Presser, H. M. Ohlendorf
1987, Environmental Management (11) 805-821
Subsurface agricultural drainage waters from western San Joaquin Valley, California, were found to contain elevated concentrations of the element selenium in the form of selenate. In 1978, these drainage waters began to replace previous input to Kesterson Reservoir, a pond system within Kesterson National Wildlife Refuge; this substitution was completed...
Apparent triploidy in the unisexual Brahminy blind snake, Ramphotyphlops braminus
A.H. Wynn, C.J. Cole, A. L. Gardner
1987, American Museum Novitates (2868) 1-7
No abstract available....
Snail kite nesting ecology in Florida
C.S. Robbins
1987, Florida Field Naturalist (15) 57-70
No abstract available....
Analysis of survival data from telemetry projects
C.M. Bunck
1987, Journal of Raptor Research (21) 132-134
Telemetry is an increasingly popular method for studying animal movements and habitat use. Telemetry provides a means for studying survival and causes of mortality. This paper describes some statistical techniques which can provide valid estimates of survival rates based on data from telemetry studies....
Black duck-mallard interactions on breeding areas in Maine
J. R. Longcore, P.O. Corr, D.G. McAuley
1987, Transactions of the Northeast Section, The Wildlife Society (44) 16-32
Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) pairs (2-4) and broods (1-2) have occurred sporadically each year during recent (1977-86) waterfowl investigations in Maine. State-wide brood counts (1956-1986) for 36 wetlands in Maine depict an average increase of 1-3 mallard broods. Broods occurred mostly on man-made impoundments. Numbers of mallards captured during banding (as...
Selenium accumulation in mammals exposed to contaminated California irrigation drainwater
D. R. Clark Jr.
1987, Science of the Total Environment (66) 147-168
In May 1984, 332 mammals of 10 species were collected at Kesterson Reservoir (San Joaquin Valley, Merced Co., CA), which had received selenium-laden irrigation drainwater, and at the nearby Volta Wildlife Area, which had not. The study concentrated on the California vole (Microtus californicus); 88 were taken at Kesterson,...
Case histories of bald eagles and other raptors killed by organophosphorus insecticides topically applied to livestock
Charles J. Henny, E. J. Kolbe, E. F. Hill, L. J. Blus
1987, Journal of Wildlife Diseases (23) 292-295
Since 1982 when secondary poisoning of a red-tailed hawk (Buteo jamaicensis) was documented following the recommended use of famphur applied topically to cattle, the Patuxent Wildlife Research Center has tested dead birds of prey for poisoning by famphur and other pouron organophosphorus (OP)...
Orthene® toxicity to little brown bats (Myotis lucifugus): Acetylcholinesterase inhibition, coordination loss, and mortality
D. R. Clark Jr., Barnett A. Rattner
1987, Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (6) 705-708
The 24-h LD50 of Orthener̀ (active ingredient acephate, acetylphosphoramidothioic acid o,s-dimethyl ester, CAS 30560-19–1) to little brown bats (Myotis lucifugus) was high (> 1,500 mg acephate/kg) and at least several times greater than the LD50 for mice (Mus musculus) (720 mg/kg). Twenty-four hours after dosing, all surviving mice appeared behaviorally normal, but 9 of 30...
A quick-catch corral trap for wintering canvasbacks
G.M. Haramis, E.L. Derleth, D.G. McAuley
1987, Journal of Field Ornithology (58) 198-200
We designed a bait trap for wintering Canvasbacks (Aythya valisineria) that has proven more effective than conventional funnel or slot entrance traps for diving ducks. The unique feature of this trap is the corral entrance that presents unimpaired access to the bait and thus ease of entrance to the...
Embryotoxicity, teratogenicity, and aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity in Forster's terns on Green Bay, Lake Michigan
David J. Hoffman, Barnett A. Rattner, Louis Sileo, Douglas E. Docherty, Timothy J. Kubiak
1987, Environmental Research (42) 176-184
Known reproductive problems, including congenital malformations and poor hatching success, exist for the state endangered Forster's tern (Sterna forsteri) in Green Bay, Wisconsin. Twenty Forster's tern eggs were collected from separate nests at (i) a natural colony with documented reproductive problems, situated at Green Bay, Lake Michigan, and (ii) an...
Mercury accumulation in mallards fed methylmercury with or without added DDE
G. H. Heinz
1987, Environmental Research (42) 372-376
Adult female mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) were fed a control diet or diets containing 1 ppm methylmercury chloride, 5 ppm methylmercury chloride, 1 ppm methylmercury chloride plus 5 ppm DDE, or 5 ppm methylmercury chloride plus 5 ppm DDE. The presence of DDE in the diet did not affect retention of...
Residues of organochlorine pesticides and polychloribiphenyls [sic] in starlings (Sturnus vulgaris), from the continental United States, 1982
C.M. Bunck, R. M. Prouty, A. J. Krynitsky
1987, Environmental Monitoring and Assessment (8) 59-75
Starlings were collected from 129 sites throughout the contiguous United States in the fall of 1982 and analyzed for organochlorine compounds as part of a nationwide monitoring program. Residues of 14 organochlorine compounds were found. Only DDE, polychlorobiphenyls (PCB), dieldrin, and heptachlor epoxide occurred in more than 50% of the...
Exposure to insecticides of brushland wildlife within the Lower Rio Grande Valley, Texas, USA
T. W. Custer, C. A. Mitchell
1987, Environmental Pollution (45) 207-220
Brushland wildlife within the Lower Rio Grande Valley of south Texas were studied following applications of eleven insecticides to nearby sugarcane or cotton fields. During the study no wildlife were found dead. Mean brain acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity of great-tailed grackles (Quiscalus mexicanus) and mourning doves (Zenaida macroura) was significantly lower...
Cardiovascular and behavioral responses of gray wolves to ketamine-xylazine immobilization and antagonism by yohimbine
T.J. Kreeger, A.M. Faggella, U.S. Seal, L.D. Mech, Margaret Callahan, B. Hall
1987, Journal of Wildlife Diseases (23) 463-470
Adult wolves (Canis lupus) were immobilized with 6.6 mg/kg ketamine hydrochloride (KET) and 2.2 mg/kg xylazine hydrochloride (XYL) administered intramuscularly. Induction time was 4.6 ± 0.3 min (x̄ ± SE). Immobilization resulted in significant bradycardia and hypertension (P < 0.05). Twenty min after induction, the wolves were given 0.05–0.60 mg/kg...
Behavior of mallard ducklings from adults exposed to selenium
G. H. Heinz, Lyn G. Gold
1987, Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (6) 863-865
Pairs of adult mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) were fed a control diet or a diet containing 1, 2, 4 or 8 ppm selenium in the form of seleno-DL-methionine. Ducklings from these pairs were fed an untreated diet from hatching through 6 d of age, at which time their avoidance of a...
A field comparison of nested grid and trapping web density estimators
David A. Jett, J.D. Nichols
1987, Journal of Mammalogy (68) 888-892
The usefulness of capture-recapture estimators in any field study will depend largely on underlying model assumptions and on how closely these assumptions approximate the actual field situation. Evaluation of estimator performance under real-world field conditions is often a difficult matter, although several approaches are possible. Perhaps the best...
Concentrations of metals in mink and other mammals from Washington and Idaho
L. J. Blus, Charles J. Henny, B.M. Mulhern
1987, Environmental Pollution (44) 307-318
From 1981 to 1983, concentrations dfof metals were determined in mink Mustela vison, muskrats Ondatra zibethica, and small mammals at one contaminated site in Idaho and at two less contaminated sites in Idaho and Washington. The highest concentrations of Pb and Cd occurred in samples from the Coeur d'Alene River system near...
Seasonal variation in diagnostic enzymes and biochemical constituents of captive northern bobwhites and passerines
E. F. Hill, H. C. Murray
1987, Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, Part B: Comparative Biochemistry (87) 933-940
1. A variety of biochemical measurements were taken periodically in captive northern bobwhite (Colinus virginianus L.), European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris L.), red-winged blackbirds (Agelaius phoeniceus L.) and common grackles (Quiscalus quiscula L.) to determine whether baseline values remain sufficiently stable throughout the year for general clinical use in the absence...
