Orthene® toxicity to little brown bats (Myotis lucifugus): Acetylcholinesterase inhibition, coordination loss, and mortality
D. R. Clark Jr., Barnett A. Rattner
1987, Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (6) 705-708
The 24-h LD50 of Orthener̀ (active ingredient acephate, acetylphosphoramidothioic acid o,s-dimethyl ester, CAS 30560-19–1) to little brown bats (Myotis lucifugus) was high (> 1,500 mg acephate/kg) and at least several times greater than the LD50 for mice (Mus musculus) (720 mg/kg). Twenty-four hours after dosing, all surviving mice appeared behaviorally normal, but 9 of 30...
Selenium accumulation in mammals exposed to contaminated California irrigation drainwater
D. R. Clark Jr.
1987, Science of the Total Environment (66) 147-168
In May 1984, 332 mammals of 10 species were collected at Kesterson Reservoir (San Joaquin Valley, Merced Co., CA), which had received selenium-laden irrigation drainwater, and at the nearby Volta Wildlife Area, which had not. The study concentrated on the California vole (Microtus californicus); 88 were taken at Kesterson,...
Review of wintering by eared grebes in the southwestern United States
Richard C. Banks, R. B. Clapp
1987, Chat (51) 29-33
Improving atlas methodology
C.S. Robbins, B.A. Dowell, J. O'Brien
1987, Acta Oecologica Oecologia Generalis (8) 314 (poste
We are studying a sample of Maryland (2 %) and New Hampshire (4 %) Atlas blocks and a small sample in Maine. These three States used different sampling methods and block sizes. We compare sampling techniques, roadside with off-road coverage, our coverage with that of the volunteers, and different methods...
Survival of spotted salamander eggs in temporary woodland ponds of coastal Maryland
P.H. Albers, R. M. Prouty
1987, Environmental Pollution (46) 45-61
Temporary ponds on the Atlantic Coastal Plain in maryland were characterized according to water chemistry, rain input, phytoplankton, zooplankton and use by the spotted salamander Ambystoma maculatum during March-October 1983-1984. Neither the number of egg masses per unit of pond surface (abundance) nor the survival of spotted salamander embryos was...
The need for experiments to understand population dynamics of American black ducks
David R. Anderson, K.P. Burnham, J.D. Nichols, M.J. Conroy
1987, Wildlife Society Bulletin (15) 282-284
Changes in litter near an aluminum reduction plant
W. N. Beyer, W. James Fleming, D. Swineford
1987, Journal of Environmental Quality (16) 246-250
Litter was collected from eight sites at distances as far as 33 km from an Al reduction plant in western Tennessee. As a result of an accumulation of fine litter (<4.75 mm) the weight of the litter per unit area was abnormally high at the two...
A survey of Pb, Cu, Zn, Cd, Cr, As, and Se in earthworms and soil from diverse sites
W. N. Beyer, E.J. Cromartie
1987, Environmental Monitoring and Assessment (8) 27-36
Earthworms and soils were collected from 20 diverse sites in Maryland, Pennsylvania, and Virginia, and were analyzed for Pb, Cu, Zn, Cd, Cr, As, and Se. Correlation coefficients relating concentrations of the elements in earthworms to concentrations in soil were low (−0.20<r<+0.57). Species differences and ecological variables contributed to the...
Toxicity of paraquat in nestling birds: effects on plasma and tissue biochemistry in American kestrels
Daivd J. Hoffman, J. Christian Franson, Oliver H. Pattee, Christine M. Bunck, Helen C. Murray
1987, Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology (16) 177-183
Beginning the day after hatching, American kestrel (Falco sparverius) nestlings were orally dosed daily for 10 days with 5 μL/g of distilled water (controls), 10 mg/kg, 25 mg/kg, or 60 mg/kg of paraquat dichloride (1,1′-dimethyl-4,4′-bipyridinium dichloride) in distilled water. Forty-four percent of the nestlings receiving 60 mg/kg died after 4...
Feeding methods and efficiencies of selected frugivorous birds
M.S. Foster
1987, Condor (89) 566-580
I report on handling methods and efficiencies of 26 species of Paraguayan birds freeding on fruits of Allophyllus edulis (Sapindaceae). A bird may swallow fruits whole (Type I: pluck and swallow feeders), hold a fruit and cut the pulp from the seed with the edge of the bill, swallowing the...
Attraction of Hawaiian seabirds to lights: conservation efforts and effects of moon phase
T.C. Telfer, J.L. Sincock, G.V. Byrd, J.R. Reed
1987, Wildlife Society Bulletin (15) 406-413
Increased urban lighting on Kauai Island, Hawaii, has resulted in new problems for threatened and endangered procellariiform birds. Between 1978 and 1985,11,767 Kewell's shearwaters, 38 dark-rumped petrels, and 8 band-rumped storm petrels were attracted to bright urban lights, struck unseen objects, and fell to the ground. A salvage effort involving...
Enhancement of parathion toxicity to quail by heat and cold exposure
Barnett A. Rattner, J.M. Becker, T. Nakatsugawa
1987, Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology (27) 330-339
Effects of ambient temperature on the acute oral toxicity of parathion were investigated in Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) maintained at thermoneutral temperature (26.degree. C) or exposed to elevated (37.degree. C) or reduced (4.degree. C) temperatures commonly encountered by free-ranging wild birds. Based upon estimates of the median lethal dosage, there...
Sensitivity of high-elevation streams in the Southern Blue Ridge Province to acidic deposition
P. V. Winger, P. J. Lasier, M. Hudy, D. Fowler, M.J. Van Den Avyle
1987, Journal of the American Water Resources Association (23) 379-386
The Southern Blue Ridge Province, which encompasses parts of northern Georgia, eastern Tennessee, and western North Carolina, has been predicted to be sensitive to impacts from acidic deposition, owing to the chemical composition of the bedrock geology and soils. This study confirms the predicted potential sensitivity, quantifies the level of...
Earthquakes of the Holocene
David P. Schwartz
1987, Reviews of Geophysics (25) 1197-1202
Geologic studies of earthquakes involve mapping of coseismic surface faulting and secondary deformation from historical events, trenching and geomorphic analysis to define the timing and size of past earthquakes, and investigations of fault zone structure and geometry in both unconsolidated sediments and bedrock. This research is now being referred to...
Coincident seismic reflection/refraction studies of the continental lithosphere: A global review.
W. D. Mooney, T.M. Brocher
1987, Reviews of Geophysics (25) 723-742
Nearly 50 coincident seismic reflection/refraction studies to depths of at least the Moho provide an improved understanding of the continental lithosphere. Some conclusions include the following: (1) A transparent upper crust, a common observation on vertical reflection profiles, cannot generally be correlated with velocity gradients or low-velocity zones. Rather, a...
Checklist of vertebrates of the United States, the U.S. territories, and Canada
Richard C. Banks, Roy W. McDiarmid, Alfred L. Gardner
1987, Resource Publication 166
On 30 January 1980 the Policy Group of the 1978 Interagency Agreement on Classifications and Inventory established a work group on fish and wildlife species names. The participating agencies were the Fish and Wildlife Service, Forest Service, Bureau of Land Management, Geological Survey, and Soil Conservation Service. The...
Population ecology of the mallard VIII: Winter distribution patterns and survival rates of winter-banded mallards
James D. Nichols, James E. Hines
1987, Resource Publication 162
In the present report we address questions about winter distribution patterns and survival rates of North American mallards Anas platyrhynchos. Inferences are based on analyses of banding and recovery data from both winter and preseason banding period. The primary wintering range of the mallard was dividded into 45...
Pesticide use and toxicology in relation to wildlife: Organophosphorus and carbamate compounds
G. J. Smith
1987, Resource Publication 170
No abstract available....
Field methods to evaluate effects of pesticides on wildlife of the northwestern United States
Charles J. Henny
1987, Book chapter, Collected Reports from the Czechoslovak-American Symposium on Toxic Effects of Chemical Environmental Contaminants upon Production and Reproduction Ability in Free-Living Animals (held October 3-4, 1983)
Field .methods used to evaluate the impact of organochlorine and organophosphate pesticides on wildlife populations in the Pacific Northwest are reviewed. Five field studies, presented in a CASE HISTORY format, illustrate study designs .and thetypes of information collected. The pesticides investigated included DDT, heptachlor, endr1n, and famphur, and the species...
Habitat use by migrating whooping cranes in the Aransas-Wood Buffalo Corridor
M.A. Howe
James C. Lewis, editor(s)
1987, Book chapter, Proceedings of the 1985 Crane Workshop
Genetic management of endangered species at the Patuxent Wildlife Research Center
R. R. Gabel, G.F. Gee
1987, Book chapter, Proceedings of the 2nd Jean Delacour/IFCB Symposium on Breeding Birds in Captivity.
Summary: The Patuxent Wildlife Research Center conducts one of the world's largest and best-known research programs for captive propagation of endangered wildlife. In order to be effective and to ensure the long-term survival of species, researchers at Patuxent attempt to manage captive populations according to the principles of population...
Distribution and effects of acidic deposition on wildlife and ecosystems
K. L. Stromborg, J. R. Longcore
Peter Kaemar, J. Legath, editor(s)
1987, Book chapter, Collected Reports from the Czechoslovak-American Symposium on Toxic Effects of Chemical Environmental Contaminants upon Production and Reproduction Ability in Free-Living Animals (held October 3-4, 1983).
Acidic deposition occurs over most of the United States and the deposition patterns and theoretical vulnerabilities of aquatic ecosystems to chemical changes can be delineated, but few data exist on concomitant biological effects. Hypothetical direct effects are limited primarily to toxicity of various heavy metals mobilized at reduced...
Relationships between nesting populations of wading birds and habitat features along the Atlantic Coast
R.M. Erwin, J. A. Spendelow, P.H. Geissler, B. Kenneth Williams
William R. Whitman, William H. Meredith, editor(s)
1987, Book chapter, Waterfowl and Wetlands Symposium: Proceedings of a Symposium on Waterfowl and Wetlands Management in the Coastal Zone of the Atlantic Flyway
Using previously published atlas data for 122 mixed-species wading bird colonies on islands along the Atlantic coast (Maine to Florida, 1976-77), we examined relationships between population sizes of 11 species of egrets, herons, ibises, and wood storks (Mycteria americana) and nine habitat variables. On nautical charts, we measured four island...
Wildlife habitat considerations in Columbia, Maryland and vicinity
A. D. Geis
K. Stenberg, William W. Shaw, editor(s)
1987, Book chapter, Wildlife Conservation and New Residential Developments: Proceedings of a National Symposium on Urban Wildlife.
The use of kestrels in toxicology
Stanley N. Wiemeyer, J.L. Lincer
David M. Bird, Reed Bowen, editor(s)
1987, Book chapter, The Ancestral Kestrel: Proceedings of a Symposium on Kestrel Species, St. Louis, Missouri, December 1st, 1983
Various species of kestrels have become important bioindicators of environmental quality and test species for comparative toxicology in captivity. At least 7 species of kestrels have been used to document the presence of environmental contamination primarily organochlorines and metals, in at least 15 countries. Captive kestrels have been...
