Design of a spatial data structure using the relational normal forms
Jan W. van Roessel
1987, International Journal of Geographical Information Systems (1) 33-50
In previous work, a relational data structure aimed at the exchange of spatial data between systems was developed. As this data structure was relational it was of first normal form, but compliance with the higher normal forms was not investigated. Recently, a new procedural method for composing fully normalized data...
Regional heat flow variations in the northern Michigan and Lake Superior region determined using the silica heat flow estimator
R. Vugrinovich
1987, Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research (34) 15-24
Conventional heat flow data are sparse for northern Michigan. The groundwater silica heat flow estimator expands the database sufficiently to allow regional variations in heat flow to be examined. Heat flow shows a pattern of alternating highs and lows trending ESE across the Upper Peninsula and Lake Superior. The informal...
Hydrogeologic controls of surface-water chemistry in the Adirondack region of New York State
N.E. Peters, C. T. Driscoll
1987, Biogeochemistry (3) 163-180
Relationships between surface-water discharge, water chemistry, and watershed geology were investigated to evaluate factors affecting the sensitivity of drainage waters in the Adirondack region of New York to acidification by atmospheric deposition. Instantaneous discharge per unit area was derived from relationships between flow and staff-gage readings at 10 drainage basins...
Ground-water levels in the lower Paleozoic and Precambrian crystalline rocks, southeastern Chester County, Pennsylvania, July and August 1986
John A. Garges
1987, Water-Resources Investigations Report 86-4352
A water table contour map of the lower Paleozoic and Precambrian crystalline rocks of southeastern Chester County, Pennsylvania was constructed on the basis of water levels measured in 261 wells in July and August 1986, elevations of 11 springs that were flowing in July and August 1986, and water levels...
Lead poisoning in Canada geese on Plum Island, Massachusetts (USA)
R. M. Windingstad, L. S. Hinds III
1987, Journal of Wildlife Diseases (23) 438-442
During December 1983 and early January 1984, about 200 Canada geese (Branta canadensis) died of lead poisoning at Parker River National Wildlife Refuge on Plum Island, Massachusetts. In an effort to determine the source of lead, 100 bottom samples were taken from a refuge impoundment where much of the mortality/morbidity...
Solubility and stability of scorodite, FeAsO4.2H2O: Discussion
D. Kirk Nordstrom, George A. Parks
1987, American Mineralogist (72) 849-851
Reported solubility data for a synthetic scorodite and the techniques used to prepare the synthetic phase are questioned. (A.M. 70-838, 72-852)-J.A.Z....
Unusual bed forms on the North Aleutian Shelf, Bristol Bay, Alaska
W. C. Schwab, B. F. Molnia
1987, Geo-Marine Letters (7) 207-215
Side-scan sonar records collected over an area of the North Aleutian Shelf, approximately 250 km west of the head of Bristol Bay, Alaska, identified widespread evidence of active sea floor erosion processes, including sediment transport. Thousands of sea floor depressions, many linear and some containing rippled floors, were identified in...
Higher resolution satellite remote sensing and the impact on image mapping
Allen H. Watkins, June M. Thormodsgard
1987, Acta Astronautica (16) 221-232
Recent advances in spatial, spectral, and temporal resolution of civil land remote sensing satellite data are presenting new opportunities for image mapping applications. The U.S. Geological Survey's experimental satellite image mapping program is evolving toward larger scale image map products with increased information content as a result of improved image...
Determination of the rare-earth elements in geological materials by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry
F.E. Lichte, Allen L. Meier, James G. Crock
1987, Analytical Chemistry (59) 1150-1157
A method of analysis of geological materials for the determination of the rare-earth elements using the Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometric technique (ICP-MS) has been developed. Instrumental parameters and factors affecting analytical results have been first studied and then optimized. Samples are analyzed directly following an acid digestion, without the...
Creosote compounds in snails obtained from Pensacola Bay, Florida, near an onshore hazardous-waste site
Colleen E. Rostad, W. E. Pereira
1987, Chemosphere (16) 2397-2404
Snails, Thais haemostoma, were collected from two areas offshore in Pensacola Bay, Florida, near an onshore hazardous-waste site. Tissue from the snails was extracted to isolate the lipophilic compounds and analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Along with naturally occurring compounds, the snail tissue contained large concentrations of polycyclic aromatic compounds,...
US GEOLOGICAL SURVEY'S NATIONAL SYSTEM FOR PROCESSING AND DISTRIBUTION OF NEAR REAL-TIME HYDROLOGICAL DATA.
William G. Shope Jr.
Rodda J.C.Matalas N.C., editor(s)
1987, Conference Paper, IAHS Publication (International Association of Hydrological Sciences)
The US Geological Survey is utilizing a national network of more than 1000 satellite data-collection stations, four satellite-relay direct-readout ground stations, and more than 50 computers linked together in a private telecommunications network to acquire, process, and distribute hydrological data in near real-time. The four Survey offices operating a satellite...
Hydrogeological concepts in the United States: a historical perspective.
J.E. Moore, B.B. Hanshaw
1987, Episodes (10) 315-321
Reviews the development of hydrogeological concepts in the USA from 1879 to 1987, from early qualitative reconnaissance investigations to modern qualitative and multi-disciplinary studies involving predictive analytical techniques and a consideration of management practices. The authors present a sampling of historical milestone papers in US hydrology in the form of...
Computer simulations of large asteroid impacts into oceanic and continental sites--Preliminary results on atmospheric, cratering and ejecta dynamics
D. J. Roddy, S.H. Schuster, M. Rosenblatt, L.B. Grant, Paul J. Hassig, K.N. Kreyenhagen
1987, International Journal of Impact Engineering (5) 525-541
Computer simulations have been completed that describe passage of a 10-km-diameter asteroid through the Earth's atmosphere and the subsequent cratering and ejecta dynamics caused by impact of the asteroid into both oceanic and continental sites. The asteroid was modeled as...
Analysis of steady-state salt-water upconing with application at Truro well field, Cape Cod, Massachusetts
T. E. Reilly, M. H. Frimpter, D.R. LeBlanc, A.S. Goodman
1987, Groundwater (25) 194-206
Salt-water upconing describes the phenomenon where salt water is transported vertically upward under a well in response to pumpage in a fresh-water aquifer underlain by salt water. Sharp interface methods have been used successfully to describe the physics of upconing. A finite-element model is developed...
Marine and nonmarine gas-bearing rocks in Upper Cretaceous Blackhawk and Neslen Formations, eastern Uinta Basin, Utah: Sedimentology, diagenesis, and source rock potential
Janet K. Pitman, Karen J. Franczyk, Donald E. Anders
1987, American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin (71) 76-94
The Upper Cretaceous Blackhawk and Neslen Formations in the eastern Uinta basin contain large amounts of thermogenic gas that was generated from interbedded humic-rich source rocks. The geometry and distribution of hydrocarbon source and reservoir rocks are controlled by depositional environment. The Blackhawk, composed of laterally extensive sandstone and locally...
Solute transport with equilibrium aqueous complexation and either sorption or ion exchange: Simulation methodology and applications
F.M. Lewis, Clifford I. Voss, J. Rubin
1987, Journal of Hydrology (90) 81-115
Methodologies that account for specific types of chemical reactions in the simulation of solute transport can be developed so they are compatible with solution algorithms employed in existing transport codes. This enables the simulation of reactive transport in complex multidimensional flow regimes, and provides a means for existing codes to...
Nongame bird communities on managed grasslands in North Dakota
Rochelle B. Renken, James J. Dinsmore
1987, Canadian Field-Naturalist (101) 551-557
Grazed native prairie, unmanipulated native prairie, and planted alfalfa-wheatgrass habitats each supported prairie bird species unique to that habitat type. Comparisons of the three habitats, using community coefficients and overlap indices, showed that grazed and alfalfa-wheatgrass habitats supported the most dissimilar or unique bird communities. All three habitat types, or...
Effect of brief navigation-related dewaterings on fish eggs and larvae
L. E. Holland
1987, North American Journal of Fisheries Management (7) 145-147
Short-term dewatering of nearshore spawning areas often occurs during passage of commercial tows in the upper Mississippi River as well as in other navigated river systems. This phenomenon was examined experimentally to identify potential effects on survival of fish eggs and larvae. Early life stages of walleyes (Stizostedion vitreum vitreum)...
Industrial halide wastes cause acute mortality of snow geese in Oklahoma
J. K. Andreasen, Richard K. Stroud
1987, Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (6) 291-293
An examination of 97 dead migratory waterfowl collected at an industrial facility showed that the birds had had severe gastric and intestinal hemorrhaging. Water samples taken at on-site waste lagoons contained 6,750 mg/L fluoride, 4,500 mg/L bromine and 1,500 mg/L boron. Brain and liver tissues contained high levels of fluoride,...
CHANNEL EVOLUTION IN MODIFIED ALLUVIAL STREAMS.
Andrew Simon, Cliff R. Hupp
1987, Transportation Research Record 16-24
This study (a) assesses the channel changes and network trends of bed level response after modifications between 1959 and 1972 of alluvial channels in western Tennessee and (b) develops a conceptual model of bank slope development to qualitatively assess bank stability and potential channel widening. A six-step, semiquantitative model of...
Stress rotation during the Coalinga aftershock sequence
A.J. Michael
1987, Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth (92) 7963-7979
This study considers spatial and temporal changes of the stress regime during the 1983 Coalinga aftershock sequence. In both cases the observed changes manifest themselves as rotations of the most compressive stress axis. Inversion of 165 M≥3 aftershocks shows that in the southern aftershock zone the azimuth of the most compressional...
Role of geophysics in identifying and characterizing sites for high-level nuclear waste repositories.
J. C. Wynn, E.H. Roseboom
1987, Journal of Geophysical Research (92) 7787-7796
Evaluation of potential high-level nuclear waste repository sites is an area where geophysical capabilities and limitations may significantly impact a major governmental program. Since there is concern that extensive exploratory drilling might degrade most potential disposal sites, geophysical methods become crucial as the only nondestructive means to examine large volumes...
36Cl: A tracer in groundwater in the aquia formation of Southern Maryland
C.B. Purdy, A.C. Mignerey, G.R. Helz, D.D. Drummond, P.W. Kubik, D. Elmore, T. Hemmick
1987, Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms (29) 372-375
The Aquia Formation (Paleocene) of Southern Maryland, a marine unit consisting predominantly of quartz sands, but containing 20-40% glauconite, represents one of the many productive, heavily pumped aquifers of the Southeastern Coastal Plain. An unusually high 36Cl activity ( ~ 15 ?? modem water) measured in an outcrop sample is...
Structural reinterpretation of the Ajo mining district, Pima County, Arizona, based on paleomagnetic and geochronologic studies
J.T. Hagstrum, D. P. Cox, R. J. Miller
1987, Economic Geology (82) 1348-1361
The Ajo mining district of southern Arizona is divided into two main structural blocks by the Gibson Arroyo fault. The eastern Camelback Mountain block contains the Late Cretaceous-early Tertiary porphyry copper deposit which has been previously thought to be associated with the displaced apex of a large intrusion exposed by...
Lake Superior revisited 1984
Wayne R. MacCallum, James H. Selgeby
1987, Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences (44) 23-36
The Lake Superior fish community has changed substantially since the early 1960s, when control of the sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) became effective. Self-reproducing stocks of lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) have been reestablished in many inshore areas, although they have not yet reached pre-sea lamprey abundance; offshore lake trout are probably...
